Biology Chapter 14 : Taxonomy and Biodiversity

1. Compare morphological characteristics of Bryophyta and Filicinophyta. - Both have heteromorphic alternation of generation that is both have gametophyte generation different from sporophyte generation. - Both have sexual organs that almost look alike. Their male sex organs are antheridia while theri female sex organs are archegonia. - Both are zoidogamous that is their antherozoids require water to swim to fertilise the female gamete. - Bryophyta have gametophyte generation as the dominant generation whereas Filicinophyta have sporophyte as the dominant generation. - Byrophyta are not vascular plants whereas Filicinophyta are vascular plants. - Bryophyta do not have sori whereas Filicinophyta have sori to produce spores. - Sporophyte generation of Bryophyta is very small and consists of the foot,seta and capsule whereas that of Filicinophyta is very big and consists of true roots, stems and leaves. - Bryophyta have antherozoids that are biflagellated whereas those of Filicinophyta are multiflagellated.

2. Compare the morphological characteristics of Coniferophyta and Angiospermatophyta. - Both have diploid sporophyte as dominant generation. - Both sporophytes are of various sizes with roots , stems and leaves. - Both sporophytes are vascular with xylem and phloem. - Conifers produce cones, angiospermatophytes produce flowers as reproductive structures. -The cones from conifers are unisexual, flowers from angiospermatophytes are

usually bisexual. - Pollens from conifers are small and light, pollens from angiospermatophytes are bigger and sticky. - Confiers produce no ovary wheras angiospermatophytes have ovary protecting ovules. -Conifers produce no fruits whereas angiospermatophytes produce fruits to protect the seeds.

3. Compare the features of Insecta and Crustacea. - The body of an insect is divided into three pats: head, thorax and abdomen. Whereas the crustacea is divided into cephalothorax and abdomen/ - Insects have one pair of compound eyes and one pair of simple eyes whereas crustacea only have one pair of slaked simple eyes. - Insects have three pairs of mouthparts whereas crustacea have more than three pairs. - Most insects have wings whereas no crustaceans have wings. - Insects have three pairs of walking legs whereas crustaeans have four pairs of walking legs. - Gaseous exchange of insecta is by trachea whereas crustaceans is by gills.

4. Compare the features of Amphibia and Mamalia - Amphibians have larval stage whereas mamalia do not have. - Amphibian have no hair whereas mamalia have hairs on skin. - Amphibians have visceral cleftin the tadpole stage whereas mamalia do not have developed visceral cleft at any stage. - Amphibians breathe with gills or lungs whereas mamalia breathe with lungs. - Lateral line is present in amphibians during tadpole stage whereas no lateral line

present in mamalia. - Amphibians do not have external ear whereas mamalia have three with three ossicles.