King Abdulaziz University Engineering College Department of Production and Mechanical System Design

MENG 470

Mechanical Vibrations

First Exam Closed-book Exam Monday: 8/2/1425 H Time Allowed: 60 mins

Name:

Sec. No.:

ID No.:

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 TOTAL

10 10 10 10 40

Instructions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. There are totally 4 problems in this exam. This is a closed book and closed notes Opportunity to Shine Show all work for partial credit. Assemble your work for each problem in logical order. Justify your conclusion. I cannot read minds.

Q1. Figure.1 shows the free response of a vibration system to an initial displacement. Determine all possible characteristics which describe the vibration of the system. The mass is 5 kg.
10 8 6 4 dis plac em ent [m ] 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8

5 t im e [ s ]

10

Figure.1

Solution: Expect a 2nd order model. (Could be a higher order DE too!) 1 2 m c  +x=0 x + x  +x=0 x+ x or n2 n k k Initial conditions: at t=0, x(0) = 10 (the x value )  (0) = v(0) = 0 (the slope of the plot) x Logarithmic decrement: Peak 1 occurs at t= 0 with value of xi = 10.0 Peak 2 occurs at t= 3.2 with value of xi+T= 5.4 Peak 3 occurs at t =6.3 with value of xi+2T = 2.8

used.

= ln
= ln

xi x x 1 = ln i+T = ln i xi+T xi+2T 2 xi+2T

xi = ln ( 10 / 5.4) x i +T

2 1 2

where xi = x(0) and xi+T were

= 0.616 Find the damping ratio, : = 2 + 4 2

= 0.616 0.6162 + 4 2 = 0.0976

Damped Period: Td = (2nd peak time - 1st peak time ) = 3.2 s Damped natural frequency 2 d = Td 2 = = 1.96 rad/s
3.2

Undamped natural frequency 1 n = d 1 2 1 = 1.96 = 1.97 rad/s 2 1 0.0976 Therefore, if this is a mass-spring-damper system:
1

2 n

m k

2 k = m n = (5kg )(1.97 rad / s ) 2 = 19.5 N / m

c k

c=

2 k

2(0.0976 )(19.5 N / m) = 1.93 N s / m (1.97 rad / s )

Equation:

d 2x dx 5 2 + 1.93 + 19.5 x = 0 dt dt
ICs: x(0) = 10.0 and

 (0) = v(0 )= 0.0 x

Q2. The system shown in Figure.2 has a natural frequency of 5 hz for the following data: m = 10 kg, J0=5 kg-m2, r1 = 10 cm, r2 = 25 cm. When the system is disturbed by giving it an initial displacement, the amplitude of free vibration is reduced by 80 percent in 10 cycles. Determine the values of k and c. x(t)

r1 J0

m k

r2

Figure.2

Solution: Expect model to be 1-DOF Damped Free Response. Using Newton's 2nd Law: for block: F = ma T kx = ma ma + kx + T = 0 for pulley: M A = J Fd r1 Tr2 = J 0 J r T = 0 + 1 cvd r2 r2 from kinematics:

Fs=kx

ma

FBD FAy

T FAx

AD J0

Fd= c vd

vd = r1

and

 = v = r2 x

vd =

r1 v r2 a r2

and
a = r2

Combining these equations: J a r r ma + kx + 0 + 1 c 1 v = 0 r2 r2 r2 r2 therefore from comparing the standard equation form
2  + 2n x  + n x x =0

J0 r12  + 2 cx  + kx = 0 m + 2 x r r 2 2

n =

k k = J m eq m+ 0 r2 2
= 2n r12c n = 2r2 2 k

ceq m eq

Since the system's vibration is reduced by 80% over 10 cycles, the logarithmic decrement can be found.
10

1 x = ln i 10 xi +10T where xi = 100% x0 and xi +10T = 20% x0

8 6 4 dis plac em ent [m ] 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8

so
1 100 = ln = 0.1609 10 20

5 t im e [ s ]

10

The damping ratio is found as

0.1609 + 4 + 4 The natural frequency was given as fd = 5 hz and since the damping ratio is quite small ( < 0.2 ) n d = 2 f d = 10 rad / s
2 2 2 2

0.1609

= 0.0256

Finally we can solve for k and c: kr2 2 2 n = mr2 2 + J 0

k=
=

n2 ( mr2 2 + J 0 )
r2 2

(10 rad / s ) 2 ( (10kg )(0.25m) 2 + (5kg m 2 ) ) (0.25m) 2

1N 1kg m / s 2

= 88826 N/m and

r12cn = 2r2 2 k
2r2 2 k c= 2 r1 n 2(0.25m) 2 (88826 N / m)(0.0256) = (0.10m) 2 (10 rad / s ) = 28.8 N/(m/s)

therefore the model's equation of motion is: 1 2  +x=0 x+ x 2 n n

1 2(0.0256)  +x=0 x+ x 2 (10 ) 10

  + 987 x = 0 x + 1.608 x

Q3. An unknown mass, m, attached at the end of an unknown spring, k, has a natural frequency of 95 Hz. When a 0.5 kg mass is added to m, the natural frequency is lowered to 75 Hz. Determine the mass, m (kg), and the spring constant, k (N/m). Solution:

Q4. Figure.3 represents a simplified arrangement for a spring-supported vehicle traveling over a rough road. Determine an equation for the amplitude of motion for m as a function of road speed. What is the worst road speed?

v m
X

y L Figure.3 Solution: Y