Sustainable Livelihoods

Ministry of Fisheries
Danida
Vietnam Denmark: Development Cooperation in the Environment (DCE) 2005 - 2010
Component Document Sustainable Livelihoods in and around Marine Protected Areas
Vietnam-Denmark DCE 104. Vietnam 806-6
LMPA Component Document May 2005
Vietnam-Denmark DCE COVER PAGE
LMPA Component Document
Country: Programme Title: Component Title: National Agencies:
Vietnam
Sector: Environment
Vietnam-Denmark Development Cooperation in the Environment, 2005 - 2010 Sustainable Livelihoods in and around Marine Protected Areas Ministry of Fisheries 1 July 2005 5 years DKK 26 million The Development Objective is that valuable habitats and their associated biodiversity in Vietnams coastal and marine waters are being protected and restored without compromising the livelihood requirements of poor and vulnerable communities. This component will continue and expand Danish assistance to help Vietnam further develop its network of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) (currently 15 sites) based on a strong legal framework at national level and demonstration of effective local management system at the provincial and site levels, in which the sustainable livelihood needs of local communities living in and around MPAs are fully recognised and supported. Two demonstration MPA sites, at Cu Lao Cham (Quang Nam Province) and Hon Mun (Khanh Hoa Province) will continue to receive support and a National MPA Training Centre will be established. Gradually, the National Training Centre will also take on an MPA advisory role to other provinces with MPA sites in the national network. This will allow the international technical assistance to be phased out towards the end of the component.
Starting Date: Duration: Overall Support: Short Component Description:
Signatures: ..
3
..
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
For Danida
For MOFI
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover Page Abbreviations Executive Summary
1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................11 1.1. Previous Support............................................................................................................11 1.1.1. Background...............................................................................................................11 1.1.2. Relevant on-going Projects.......................................................................................12 1.1.3. Other Relevant Projects.............................................................................................14 1.2. Identification and Preparation Activities.....................................................................14 2. DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENT.......................................................................16 2.1. Summary Statement.......................................................................................................16 2.2. Poverty and Cross-Cutting Issues.................................................................................17 2.2.1. Sustainable Livelihoods............................................................................................17 2.2.2. Gender Equality........................................................................................................18 2.2.3. Environmental Linkages............................................................................................18 2.3. Development and Immediate Objectives .....................................................................19 2.3.1. Development Objective .........................................................................................19 2.4. Component Strategy......................................................................................................20 2.4.1. Strategy to Poverty and Cross-Cutting Issues............................................................20 2.5. Justification for the Approach......................................................................................21 2.6. Expected Impact on Poverty and Gender....................................................................22 2.7. Outputs...........................................................................................................................23 2.8. Activities.........................................................................................................................28 2.9. Inputs and Budget..........................................................................................................29 2.10. Capacity Development.................................................................................................32 2.10.1. Introduction.............................................................................................................32 2.10.2. Further Capacity Building Needs............................................................................32 2.10.3. Capacity Development at the Provincial Level........................................................33 2.10.4. Programme Timing and Alignment.........................................................................33 3. ASSUMPTIONS AND RISKS...............................................................................34 3.1. Commitment of Stakeholders........................................................................................34 3.2. Institutional....................................................................................................................35 3.3. Accountability................................................................................................................36
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
3.4. Sustainability and Replicability....................................................................................36 4. MONITORING.......................................................................................................38 4.1. Monitoring System.........................................................................................................38 4.2. Linkage to National Sector Framework Targets.........................................................38 4.3. Indicators and Means of Verification...........................................................................38 4.4. Reporting System...........................................................................................................39 4.5. Reviews and Evaluations...............................................................................................39 4.5.1. Surveys......................................................................................................................39 4.6. Schedule..........................................................................................................................40 5. MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATION...............................................................41 5.1. Management of the Component....................................................................................41 5.1.1. Implementation mechanisms.....................................................................................41 5.2. Procedures for Implementation Planning and Budgeting...........................................42 5.3. Revision and Adjustment of Component......................................................................42 6. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND PROCUREMENT..........................................43 6.1. Background....................................................................................................................43 6.2. Budgeting and Cash Flow Management.......................................................................43 6.3. Disbursement Authorisation.........................................................................................44 6.4. Accounting Principles and Procedures.........................................................................44 6.5. Financial Auditing and Reporting................................................................................44 6.6. Procurement...................................................................................................................45 7. COMPONENT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN...........................................................46 Annexes: Annex A Annex B Annex C Annex D Annex E
Component Log frame Organisational Diagram Detailed Budget and Cash Flow Job descriptions Management Plans for Cross-Cutting Issues
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BAP CDS CIR CSO CPI CPRGS DANIDA DARD DCE DEA DKK DOFI DONRE DOST FSC FPD FPZ GEF GOV ICZM ICM ILTA IUCN JPR LMPA MARD MOF MOFI MOLISA MONRE MOSTE MPA MPI NADAREP NGO NPESD NSC NSEP
Biodiversity Action Plan Capacity Development Support for Environmental Planning and Management Component Inception Report Component Support Office Cleaner Production in Industry Comprehensive Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy Danish International Development Assistance Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (in a provincial administration) Development Cooperation in the Environment Danish Environmental Assistance Danish Kroner Department of Fisheries Department of Natural Resources and Environment (in a provincial administration) Department of Science and Technology (in a provincial administration) Financial Service Consultant (or Company) Forest Protection Department (of MARD) Fully Protected Zone Global Environmental Facility Government of Vietnam Integrated Coastal Zone Management Integrated Coastal Management International Long Term Adviser The World Conservation Union Joint Programme Review Sustainable Livelihoods in and around Marine Protected Areas Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Ministry of Finance Ministry of Fisheries Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment Marine Protected Area Ministry of Planning and Investment National Directorate of Aquatic Resources Exploitation and Protection Non Governmental Organization National Plan on Environment and Sustainable Development MPA National Steering Committee National Strategy for Environmental Protection
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE PCDA PCO PEMSEA PFMA PIM PPC PSO RDE RIMF SDU TA UNDP UNEP WWF
Pollution Control in Poor Densely Populated Areas Provincial Component Office Partnerships for Environmental Management in the Seas of East Asia Programme Financial Management Advisor Programme Implementation Manual Provincial Peoples Committee Programme Support Office Royal Danish Embassy, Hanoi Research Institute for Marine Fisheries Environmentally Sustainable Development in Poor Urban Areas Technical Assistance United Nations Development Programme United Nations Environmental Program World Wide Fund for Nature
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This component provides support to a thematic area which contributes to one of the priorities of the National Strategy for Environmental Protection, namely to increase the number of protected areas in Vietnam, especially Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and protected wetlands (this is an immediate objective of the National Strategy for Environmental Protection). The main aim of this component is to help Vietnam to further develop its network of marine protected areas (currently 15 sites) based on a strong legal framework at national level and an effective local management system at the provincial and site levels, in which the sustainable livelihood needs of local communities living in and around MPAs are fully recognised and supported. The Development Objective is that valuable habitats and their associated biodiversity in Vietnams coastal and marine waters are being protected and restored without compromising the livelihood requirements of poor and vulnerable communities. This development objective is supported by three immediate objectives and six outputs. The immediate objectives are: 1. An MPA network that covers the priority areas of Vietnams coastal waters is strengthened and effective management systems are in place. 2. Vulnerable communities living in and around selected demonstration MPA sites are able to meet their livelihood requirements without having to deplete marine resources or degrade the environment. 3. Vietnam fulfils its commitment to the international effort to develop MPA networks and contributes experiences of addressing the needs of vulnerable communities. Output 1: An effective management system for the MPA network developed at national level. Output 2: Capacity for sound MPA management at national, provincial and site levels achieved through training and institutional development supported by a national MPA Training and Advisory Center Output 3: Local communities involved in MPA management through the development of an integrated management system in selected demonstration MPA sites Output 4: Marine habitats within selected demonstration MPA sites protected and their natural resources returned to a sustainably producing level.
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
Output 5: Improved socio-economic security for inhabitants living in and around selected demonstration MPA sites based on sound natural resources management and more diversified income generation. Output 6: Vietnam fully engaged in the international effort to establish a global network of MPAs and exchange experiences of reducing the vulnerability of local communities. Outputs 1 and 2 will lead to effective management and capacity development to support the national network of MPAs. At two demonstration MPA sites, Cu Lao Cham (Quang Nam Province) and Hon Mun (Khanh Hoa Province) outputs 3, 4 and 5 will support integrated management systems at provincial to community levels leading to more effective marine habitat protection and improved socio-economic security for communities living in and around the MPAs. Output 6 will ensure that Vietnam can both contribute to and benefit from the international effort to develop a global network of MPAs. Danida Support A summary of the requested support from Danida is provided below. The LMPA component will be anchored in the Ministry of Fisheries, Hanoi. Outline of support: Technical Assistance Investments Operating Costs Contingency Other Total DKK 6.3 million DKK 9.1 million DKK 7.1 million DKK 1.6 million DKK 1.8 million DKK 26.0 million
10
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE 1. 1.1. INTRODUCTION Previous Support
1.1.1.Background Vietnams long coastline and diverse marine and coastal ecosystems provide enormous potential for the development of a strong marine-based economy, especially in the marine fisheries, aquaculture and tourism sectors. The fisheries sector is already contributing more than USD 2 billion in export revenue per annum, while about 70% of the rapidly expanding tourism sector is based on coastal areas. Maintaining a healthy coastal and marine environment is a prerequisite for sustainable development of these sectors, with marine conservation and economic development being mutually dependent issues in the coastal zone. However, Vietnam is facing a number of coastal and marine environmental problems, stemming principally from the great pressure of human activities; these problems include habitat destruction and degradation, declining marine productivity, loss of biodiversity, and coastal pollution. These developmental problems create many difficulties and challenges for the Government of Vietnam, and particularly for the Ministry of Fisheries (MOFI) which recently took on the responsibility for MPAs. The establishment and management of MPAs is a new area of responsibility requiring capacity development in MOFI and other relevant ministries, as well as in the provincial authorities of coastal provinces. Thus, donor support, including access to the greater experiences from MPA management in other countries, is much needed by MOFI during the formative years of Vietnam efforts to develop an MPA Network.
A brief history Although Vietnam has a long history of establishing and managing protected areas (the first National Park, Cuc Phuong, was established in 1962), planning for a representative system of marine protected areas (MPAs) in Vietnam is a much more recent development, but one which is receiving high national priority and growing donor support. From 1980-85, knowledge and understanding about Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Vietnam remained confined to the interests of marine scientists through some national programmes on marine science research. From 1986-1990, marine scientists officially proposed a list of potential conservation sites around coral reef areas. In 1992, the Con Dao and Cat Ba MPAs were included in a list of Representative MPAs of the World proposed at the Caracas Congress (Congress on the Conservation of Wildlife through Education). In the decade 1991-2000, The National Plan on Environment and Sustainable Development (NPESD) and the Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP), approved by the Prime Minister in 1991 and 1995 respectively, contained
11
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
proposed actions for advancing MPA establishment and management. In 1993-94, and with World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) technical support, Vietnamese scientists from the Institute of Oceanography in Hai Phong and Nha Trang surveyed seven coral reef sites to assess their biodiversity, resource utilisation and conservation potential. These results were used to prepare the marine component of BAP. In 1997-1998 NCST (Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology) supported the Institutes of Oceanography in Haiphong and Nha Trang to implement the project Scientific Baseline for MPA Establishment in Vietnam. By reviewing existing information and conducting additional surveys, the project generated detailed biodiversity profiles for each site, and their potential for MPA establishment. In 1998-99, under the leadership of the then Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (MOSTE), Hai Phong Institute of Oceanography conducted the project Studying for MPA system planning of Vietnam. Based on the project results, in 2000 MOSTE submitted 15 representative MPA sites and drafted management regulations to the Prime Minister for consideration. Also in 1999, under the framework of ADB5712-REG project on technical support for coastal and marine environment management in Bien Dong Seas (South China Seas), a checklist of some 35 coastal and marine coastal protected areas was proposed, including the 15 above mentioned MPAs. In 2000, the Ministry of Fisheries (MOFI) was appointed to prepare a representative MPAs system planning and management regulation for Vietnam toward year 2010 by Government of Vietnam (GOV) Decree No. 111/CP-KG (02 Feb., 2000). MOFI took up this responsibility for the MPA network and submitted its proposal to the Prime Minister for approval via Submission Letter No. 2863/TS-KHCN (29th, September, 2000). In 2001, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD), in cooperation with Birdlife International developed the Source Book of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam, including the 15 abovementioned MPAs and some other additional protected areas situated on Vietnams coasts and islands. 1.1.2.Relevant on-going Projects Hon Mun Marine Protected Area Pilot Project (2000-2004) The Hon Mun MPA Pilot Project is assisting GOV to establish the first comprehensive MPA in Vietnam. As an integrated conservation and development project, it is also seeking to balance the need for habitat protection with community development needs. Danish International Development Assistance (Danidas) involvement in this pilot project, which is co-financed with the World Bank (via Global Environmental Facility (GEF) funding), is most relevant to this Development Cooperation in the Environment (DCE) component, especially from a lessons learned perspective. To date, the major focus of project activities has been the establishment of boundaries and zones for the Hon Mun MPA; establishing and building capacity within the Hon Mun Marine Protected Area Authority; developing community participation in management; and establishing a strong
12
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
education and awareness programme. From 2003, a rural Credit Scheme has been introduced to support those fishermen most affected by the establishment of restricted access zones within the Hon Mun Marine Protected Area; also strengthening of the Hon Mun Marine Protected Area Authority in MPA management; and initiation of 24 hour/ day patrolling within the Hon Mun MPA. A sustainable financial system for the MPA Management Authority of Hon Mun will begin operation during 2004. This pilot project has also developed national and provincial MPA training courses and materials, which are now available for training staff involved with other MPA sites in the network. Support to the Marine Protected Area Network in Vietnam (20032006) This GOV-Danida supported project started in October 2003 after a long preparation period. The project consists of two sub-projects to address priority needs at both national and provincial level. At national level, the main objective is to develop the existing network of MPA sites through capacity development, and strengthened policy and legal frameworks. At provincial level, Cu Lao Cham in Quang Nam Province, will be fully developed as the second MPA site after Hon Hun to receive Danida support. An integrated management plan for Cu Lao Cham, and piloting of potential alternative livelihood activities, are included in the projects outputs. The Sustainable Livelihoods in and around Marine Protected Areas (LMPA) component has been designed to continue from and extend the objectives and outputs of this project.
Con Dao National Park The waters surrounding Con Dao National Park have been managed with marine conservation objectives for a number of years. WWF has supported a range of activities, including education and awareness, zoning and institutional support. A new project funded by GEF-UNEP/United Nations Development Programme and DANIDA will provide additional support for four years from 2004. Coastal Wetlands Protection and Development Project (20002005) This is a co-financed project involving World Bank and Danida, which is being implemented by MARD to restore the mangrove forests in the Lower Mekong Delta for coastal protection and to increase the aquatic nurturing functions of the mangroves. The project has zoned the coastline into a Fully Protected Zone (FPZ), where no human habitation or economic activities are allowed (except hand collecting of minor products) and a Buffer Zone where forest conservation, habitation and economic activities are supported. The project is also involved in resettling households from the FPZ to the Buffer Zone and providing them with training and technical support to help them achieve alternative, more sustainable livelihoods. The resettled families and some other Buffer Zone inhabitants have signed forest protection contracts to give them income from community protection of the FPZ mangroves as part of GOV efforts to involve local people in forest conservation. Mangroves are also an important habitat within several of the sites forming the MPA network.
13
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Integrated coastal management (ICM) is a new approach, but one which is being applied in Vietnam under sponsorship of international donors. The on-going projects supporting Integrate Coastal Management (ICM) in Vietnam include the following: IMO/Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) project on ICZM in Danang City (2001-2003, with a planned continuation) NOAA/IUCN/MOFI project: A Comprehensive Development Framework for Northeast Archipelago of Tonkin Gulf: Building Capacity for ICM in Coastal Areas of Quang Ninh-Hai Phong (20032006) Netherlands/MONRE project on ICM with case-studies in Nam Dinh, Thua Thien-Hue and Ba Ria-Vung Tau (2001-2004)
1.1.3.Other Relevant Projects The Fisheries Sector Program Support is provided by Danida to MOFI; it includes several components relevant to MPA management, especially SOFA (Support to Fisheries Administration), ALRMV (Aquatic Living Resources Monitoring and Verification) and SUMA (Support to Marine Aquaculture). United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/GEF Project on Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand (this project has just been announced). Partnerships for Environmental Management in the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA). This project, which is supported by GEF-UNDP, seeks to integrate activities on a regional basis. Marine policies and planning in Vietnam have been harmonised with those for other countries in the region. In addition, ICZM has been demonstrated in Danang City. The Vietnam component of PEMSEA is implemented by MONRE. Identification and Preparation Activities
1.2.
The DCE component LMPA was identified as a continuation from the MPA projects supporting Hon Mun and Cu Lao Cham, under previous Danish Environmental Assistance (DEA). This new component includes a stronger focus on livelihood protection for poor people who rely heavily on the threatened marine resources of the fragile island ecosystems typical of MPA sites. The LMPA component represents support to a thematic area which contributes to one of the priorities of the National Strategy for Environmental Protection (NSEP), namely to increase the number of protected areas in Vietnam, especially MPAs and protected wetlands (this is an immediate objective of the NSEP). Strategically, the LMPA component complements the approach taken in the NSEP, which specifies that environmental protection must be based on 14
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
strengthening state management, institutional procedures and laws; and, in parallel, with raising awareness that everyone in Vietnam is responsible for environmental protection. Component identification stemmed directly from the DEA project (20032006), but recognising that more focus on poverty reduction through sustainable livelihoods should be incorporated into the component design. Component formulation was organised by a component working group with the assistance of the MPA Project team and STA. Several consultation meetings were held with MPA experts in Hanoi. Two LMPA component identification workshops were conducted in MOFI on 14 th February and 11th March 2004, attended by representatives from Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI), MOFI, Research Institute for Marine Fisheries (RIMF), the World Conservation Union (IUCN), WWF and the Hon Mun MPA Pilot Project (see DCE Feasibility Study Annex A). A provincial level workshop was held in Quang Nam Province on 10 th March 2004 to discuss support under the component to the Cu Lao Cham MPA. Component preparation activities included fact-finding visits by MOFI staff to Phu Quoc (a priority MPA site in the network) and Hon Mun (the MPA network pilot site), and to the provincial/municipal authorities in Quang Tri and Haiphong where the priority MPA sites of Con Co and Bach Long Vi are situated. Two Vietnamese consultants (MPA experts) were hired to assist with the component formulation process.
15
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE 2. 2.1. DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENT Summary Statement
The main aim of the LMPA component is to help Vietnam to further develop its network of MPAs (currently 15 sites) based on a strong legal framework at national level and an effective local management system at the provincial and site levels, in which the sustainable livelihood needs of local communities living in and around MPAs are fully recognised and supported. All 15 MPA sites in the existing network will be covered under the legal, policy, information management, and training and awareness raising elements of the component. Assisted by the component, MOFI will also provide advisory services to all the provinces with MPA sites, on a demand driven basis. Two demonstration MPAs, Hon Mun and Cu Lao Cham will continue to receive direct support to ensure that the management systems developed for these sites remain effective and viable. Cu Lao Cham, and to a lesser extent Hon Mun, will also receive assistance to help achieve sustainable livelihoods and other improved living conditions for their local communities. In scope, the component includes activities and inputs to support the following outputs: A strengthened legal framework for management of the MPA network Mechanisms to ensure that MPA management boards of selected demonstration MPAs are sustainable (including their financial viability) Effective poverty reduction strategies for MPA communities, with a strong emphasis on reducing the vulnerability of poor families living in small fisher communities Greater access to information and education among poor fisher communities, local community and district and provincial management Communities fully involvement in MPA management through the development of integrated management and feedback mechanisms Protection and restoration of marine and coastal ecosystems and their resources, including biodiversity Strengthened coordination with the other protected area systems in the country, principally national parks, nature reserves and biosphere reserves Experience and criteria developed to identify additional marine and coastal protected areas, in order to represent Vietnams full range of marine and coastal habitats and biodiversity Coordination of efforts to develop Vietnams national marine protected area network with similar efforts at the Southeast Asian regional and global levels, and specifically to support the
16
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
target to bring MPAs under the ecosystem approach to management by 2010, and to develop a global network of MPAs by 2012 (targets adopted at the Environmental Summit, Johannesburg 2002) 2.2. Poverty and Cross-Cutting Issues
2.2.1.Sustainable Livelihoods The Vietnam Development Report on Poverty (2000) recorded a significant decline in poverty over the previous five years, attributable to rising per capita expenditure, improving social indicators, and also by perceptions among poor households that their overall well being had improved over this short time period. However the report also noted that the gains in poverty reduction from 1995 to 1999 remained quite fragile; and particularly that a small deterioration in living standards would be sufficient to push many households below the poverty line again. This risk has applied particularly to poor fisher households because they are faced with declining catches and unpredictably adverse seasonal weather conditions. While fish prices have generally risen in line with the fall in supply, this trend cannot be expected to continue linearly, or indefinitely. Moreover, the Vietnam Development Report on Poverty (2004), notes that while the percent of poor people in Vietnam has continued to fall (to 29% in 2002 compared to 37% in 1998), poverty is now reducing at a slower rate, while there is an increasing disparity between urban and rural areas, with rural poverty remaining at almost 36%, although the density of poverty is greater in urban areas. As in 2000, the 2004 Report on Poverty also emphasises that, based on the views of respondents, for some poverty was persisting, and for others exit from poverty was fragile and prone to reversal. The typical communities living around MPA sites are small fisher villages almost totally reliant on fishing for their livelihood. Although many fisher families are not extremely poor by Vietnamese standards, they are highly vulnerable due, firstly to their dependency on declining marine resources; and, secondly, to their relative isolation and exposure compared to inland or urban communities. It follows, therefore, that sustainable livelihoods in and around MPAs and similar Small Island ecosystems are intimately associated with sustainable management of Vietnams marine resources, especially in the fisheries sector. Moreover, the fishing industry, and now increasingly aquaculture, are fundamental to the growing Vietnamese economy with fishery exports in 2003 reaching USD 2.25 billion, with a target rate of expansion of 4.0-4.5% per annum. It is widely accepted that sustainable growth of the fishing industry must be based on protection of coastal and marine habitats and a reduction in exploitation levels of those fishery species already over fished and/or endangered. MPAs can help to return depleted coastal and marine ecosystems back to sustainable production levels. This represents the crucial first step towards achieving sustainable livelihoods among the affected communities. The second step is to help diversify income generation to reduce the dependency of poor people on fisheries resources alone.
17
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
2.2.2.Gender Equality MPAs consist mainly of small island ecosystems supporting fishing communities of a few hundred to several thousand people, administered politically as one or more communes. The district and provincial level administrations are on the mainland, with the exception of Phu Quoc, Vietnams largest island, which is an island district. Not surprisingly, the relative isolation of many of the MPA island communities places them at a disadvantage in terms of access to schooling, healthcare and other social services, as well as opportunities for further education, training and employment. Even their access to information is more limited, although many households now have television. In the typical fishery-based economy of the island communities within MPAs, boys and men have greater opportunities in education and employment in the fishing industry than girls and women. The island schools and health clinics have limited facilities and staffing. On Cu Lao Cham, for example, there are only six teachers and one doctor for a population of almost 4000. Some island schools have combined primary and secondary classrooms, but cannot offer the full range of secondary education, and it is difficult to attract well-qualified teachers to these remote locations. When poor families have to bear the additional costs of sending their children to school by boat, or support their further education on the mainland, or send sick relatives to the mainland for treatment, inevitably girls and women are less favoured than boys and men. It is particularly difficult for young women to receive further education and good employment opportunities if this involves going to the mainland (the high costs and social factors involved mediate against them). Consequently, many young women remain at home to help support the family through housework, net mending, fish processing, feeding livestock, etc. Their longer-term prospects to gain outside employment remain very poor. A small number of women in island communities successfully develop family-run shops as a business, but other livelihood opportunities for women remain very limited Old women are in the most vulnerable category and many of them have to depend on subsistence activities such as gathering and selling firewood. 2.2.3.Environmental Linkages a. Life cycle support To receive full protection from over fishing, a particular animal or plant must be able to complete all the vulnerable stages of its life cycle inside a protected area, or reserve. A large reserve, or several reserves, located in critical habitants, may be necessary to protect populations of animals that move long distances. A few species complete their life cycles in very small areas (less than 1 square mile) and smaller reserves can protect such species. In many cases, however, fishery scientists still do not know how
18
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
far even well known and important species actually move during their lives. By themselves, small reserves do not tend to support fish and invertebrate populations that are large enough to sustain themselves. To ensure that recruits (juveniles) are available to replenish and sustain populations within reserves, the areas protected must be fairly large and preferably connected. In Vietnam, however, economic constraints make it impractical to create many large reserves that are off limits to fishermen and other local people. As a viable alternative, establishing core (fully protected) zones around several islands, or coral reefs, within a designated MPA site can help reduce impacts from loss of income without compromising conservation and fisheries benefits. b. Time of recovery Protection of coral reefs and related habitats provides increased fishery benefits, but only in the medium to longer-term. Both coral reefs and the fishery populations they support are dynamic communities that can react positively to improved environmental management. However this takes time, in the order 2-3 years minimum, to produce benefits visible to stakeholders. Thus, the approach taken recognises that these long-term benefits will be substantial, and therefore must always be the focus of components outputs, but they will only be realised late in the life of the component, and beyond. 2.3. Development and Immediate Objectives
2.3.1.Development Objective Valuable habitats and their associated biodiversity in Vietnams coastal and marine waters are being protected and restored without compromising the livelihood requirements of poor and vulnerable communities. Immediate Objectives 1. An MPA network that covers the priority areas of Vietnams coastal waters is strengthened and effective management systems are in place 2. Vulnerable communities living in and around selected demonstration MPA sites are able to meet their livelihood requirements without having to deplete marine resources or degrade the environment 3. Vietnam fulfils its commitment to the international effort to develop MPA networks and contributes experiences of addressing the needs of vulnerable communities
19
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
To facilitate these immediate objectives the component has the following outputs: OUTPUTS 1: An effective management system for the MPA network developed at national level. 2: Capacity for sound MPA management at national, provincial and site levels achieved through training and institutional development supported by a national MPA Training and Advisory Center. 3: Local communities involved in MPA management through the development of an integrated management system in selected demonstration MPA sites. 4: Marine habitats within selected demonstration MPA sites protected and their natural resources returned to a sustainably producing level. 5: Improved socio-economic security for inhabitants living in and around selected demonstration MPA sites based on sound natural resources management and more diversified income generation. 6: Vietnam fully engaged in the international effort to establish a global network of MPAs and exchange experiences of reducing the vulnerability of local communities. 2.4. Component Strategy Objective supported Objective 1 Objective 1
Objective 2
Objective 2 Objectives 2 and 3 Objective 3
This component will continue and expand on the on-going DEA project to Support the Marine Protected Area Network in Vietnam. The on-going going project has as its development objective Sustainable management of marine and coastal natural resources in a national protected area system. The DCE component will continue assistance to the MOFI Hanoi which has national responsibility for the MPA network. It will also continue to support two demonstration MPA sites, at Hon Mun (Khanh Hoa Province) and Cu Lau Cham (Quang Nam Province). Within the DCE component greater attention will be given to sustainable livelihood needs as an important element towards achieving poverty reduction among the communities living in and around these demonstration MPAs. A fundamental requirement in this regard is to return the living environment and its aquatic resources back to a more productive level. Where necessary, the measures taken will include habitat restoration and restocking. 2.4.1.Strategy to Poverty and Cross-Cutting Issues Vietnams coastal and marine ecosystems are varied and extensive. They include physical habitats in the form of mud flats, estuaries, lagoons, sandy beaches and the continental shelf, and habitats dominated by living communities of plants and animals in the form of mangrove forests, sea grass beds, coral reefs and salt marshes. Vietnam also has many offshore
20
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
small island ecosystems with a mosaic of fringing marine habitats that are particularly fragile because of their small size and isolation. Essential goods and services are provided by these ecosystems and the species they support, especially through fisheries and aquaculture. Poor people living within the coastal zone and on small islands in Vietnam are particularly dependent on the goods and services provided by healthy ecosystems. However through poverty and ignorance they have been a major cause of the habitat destruction and over-fishing that now threaten their livelihood and well-being. Loss of productivity, disappearance of valuable fish species, disease outbreaks in cultured finfish and crustaceans, and greater exposure to storms and flooding are some of the common consequences of the damage caused to coastal and marine ecosystems. These changes have severely affected the livelihoods of fisher communities and increased their vulnerability to further negative changes in the marine ecosystem. The strategy will be to introduce measures to reduce the general vulnerability of fisher communities living in and around MPAs, while also targeting poverty reduction among the poorest families through small credit schemes implemented through the lowest competent level of the Womens Union, or other civil organisations. The strategy is detailed in the Management Plan for Cross-cutting Issues in Annex E of this document. 2.5. Justification for the Approach
The DCE LMPA component (2005-2010) will take over from the current DEA MPA Project (2003-2006) after the project mid-term revue in June 2005. There are 10 outputs in the current project; several of these will continue, and be expanded on, in the component. In addition, the LMPA component will introduce a sustainable livelihoods strategy not present in the MPA project design, which is limited to demonstration level alternative livelihood activities. The strategy will focus on reducing the vulnerability of people living permanently within and around several priority MPA sites. This will be done by analysing and supporting both fisher community needs (i.e. interventions at local community level), and the particular needs of poor households (i.e. interventions at the family level). The principal threats to Vietnams coastal and marine environments include, unsustainable fishing practices, over-exploitation and pollution. Although Vietnams total fisheries catch has increased steadily year on year the overall catch per unit of effort has decreased, with a concomitant shift in the size distribution towards smaller fish. In addition, some common fish species that were formerly caught in great numbers 30 years ago are now extremely rare and have nearly disappeared from many coastal sites, particularly in the north, but also in more southerly areas. For example, the Hon Mun pilot MPA project (in south central Vietnam) reported sightings of only two groupers larger than 30 cms during an underwater survey covering 60 kms of habitat. Cu Lao Cham, the MPA project site, is another good example of how the lack of environmental protection has caused a decline in the islands marine resources and biodiversity, which has impacted on the islands poorest households, whose subsistence depends heavily on fishing around
21
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
the Cham islands. Both fishermen from Cu Lao Cham and from other provinces are responsible for the observed declines. While some of the over-exploitation is for subsistence, there is also an active market for live fish, which are sold to nearby restaurants and exporters on the mainland, especially in Danang City. Given that there are at present no alternatives for these families, many of the reefs around the island have been badly depleted of large marine species like groupers, spiny lobsters and topshells. Ecological relationships have been altered, in some cases irreversibly. Enforcement of laws and regulations is largely ineffective and the adjacent communities feel powerless to deal with a situation that will affect future generations. As such, the project offers an excellent opportunity to apply new approaches in fisheries management that could be used to improve this situation. Coastal resources around Cu Lao Cham MPA are seriously over-exploited and this is judged as the main cause of the decline in marine resources. The people on the island confirm the picture from the province that the once abundant resources have decreased, mainly because of overexploitation due to a high market demand for live edible fish, unsustainable fishing practices and poor fishermen who fish the near shore reefs for subsistence. Underwater observations on the west side of the main island have revealed few large fish and altered ecological conditions in the reefs and seagrass beds. Local fishing fleets are typically diverse regarding boat size and the fishing gears they use; this means that different fish species and areas are targeted. Thus, analysis and actions should be specifically designed to address local habitat, fishery and even individual species, protection requirements. There is also an urgent need for wider awareness raising among external users of MPAs, particularly in the growing tourism sector and in the commercial shipping sector. For example physical impacts from commercial shipping, plus marine pollution from ship wastes, may not be visible, but it is noted that many of the MPA islands are located near busy shipping lanes. Some of the larger islands, such as Hon Bien in the Cu Lao Cham MPA, serve as safe anchorages for large cargo vessels when storms are forecast. No ports in Vietnam have port waste reception facilities and discharges of garbage and bilge wastes at sea are common. Physical damage to the seabed from ships weighing anchor inshore is also a concern. Domestic wastewater is discharged into the sea without pretreatment and garbage is a growing problem. For example, the near town beaches on Hon Bien, the main island of Cu Lao Cham MPA, are now littered with plastic waste. 2.6. Expected Impact on Poverty and Gender
The principal objective remains to change the behaviour of fishermen living in and around MPAs in a direction that leads to more sustainable fishing practices. The Cu Lao Cham MPA sub-project (2003 2006) will have only a limited short-term impact on poverty alleviation through improvements in local living conditions through habitat protection, diversification of resource utilisation and community development support. In the longer term, with the continuation of support via the LMPA component, an improved marine environment can be fostered, in which 22
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
biodiversity losses are allowed to recuperate over time, thus improving near-shore fisheries, which are so important for many peoples livelihood on the islands. This experience, coupled with that from Hon Mun on the alternative income generation, will feed into the poverty reduction approach of the LMPA component on a lessons-learned basis. Regarding gender, the Quang Nam MPA sub-project is working closely with the Womens Union to build on and fortify existing experiences. Women will play an especially important role in order to build on their historical involvement in fishery-related activities. Women on Cu Lao Cham fish in the shallow near shore waters, and some women own their own fishing equipment. In collaboration with the Fishermens Union, Women Union and Youth Union, the component will help increase awareness and understanding of marine resources protection and the role of the MPA in enhancing sustainable harvesting alternatives to destructive fishing practices. It will promote active participation from women and young people, especially through environmental education in the schools, and environment and health training for local women. Finally, it will raise awareness regarding the planning, implementation and sustainable management of targeted marine areas, and the potential harmful, impacts from other sources (e.g. industrial/urban pollution). 2.7. Outputs
Output 1 An effective management system for the MPA network developed at national level This output will include on-going development of supporting a policy and legal framework for MPAs, and coordinating mechanisms between the MOFI and other ministries and agencies involved with protected areas management and sustainable development. A supporting MPA information management system will be fully developed and applied to meet MPA management needs, including information exchange with other agencies involved with protected area management in Vietnam, and internationally. Under this output, the component will facilitate the work of the main MPA coordination mechanisms that will be established under the current MPA project. These mechanisms include a national forum that will convene on a regular basis to discuss
(i)
(ii)
important marine issues, particularly as these relate to the practical development of the MPA network (based on sound local management); and mechanisms for developing stronger coordination between the MPA network and other protected area systems in Vietnam
The principal forum for these discussions will be the National MPA Steering Committee supported by the LMPA Working Group. A similar structure will operate at provincial level in the form of an LMPA Management Board/Authority assisted technically by an integrated management team drawn from the Department of Fisheries (DOFI), Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE) and Department of Science and 23
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
Technology (DOST), and according to local needs and priorities, with the possible inclusion of Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD), Forest Protection Department (FPD), Department of Tourism and Department of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs, as appropriate. Output 1 will follow on closely from three of the four outputs identified in the national sub-project of the current MPA project, these are: Coordination mechanisms for the development of a multi-sectoral approach to marine protected area management established. National MPA policy and legal framework developed. An MPA Information implemented. Management System developed and
The main coordination mechanism will be a National Steering Committee (NSC) for the MPA network, chaired by MOFI and comprising in addition MARD, MONRE, MPI, as the prioritising and budget planning authority) and Ministry of Finance (MOF), as the revenue generating authority). These five ministries are envisioned as the permanent core of an inter-ministerial working group representing those other interests which to varying degrees may pose threats against or represent opportunities for successful MPA management. Ad hoc sub-groups may be mobilised from this working group for temporary tasks, with the help of outside expertise, as appropriate. Homogenisation of national policy development will be pursued by advocating personal overlap in appointments to the NSC of donor funded MPA projects with different ministries as lead-agencies, and information sharing with these (e.g. minutes from other NSC meetings on each committees agenda, posting of policy decisions etc. on programme homepages, etc.) The first MPA Project output above has to do with horizontal coordination and potentially planned division of labour and synchronisation of responsibilities at different levels of authority. The second MPA Project output above concerning the development of a national MPA policy and a legal framework has actually progressed in a different sequence than anticipated. The natural sequence of articulating the policy and master plan before developing the legal framework was reversed because of delayed endorsement of the proposed master-plan, resulting in the new Fisheries Law being passed in advance of the MPA Masterplan. The MPA Project is now assisting MOFI and the Masterplan Working Group to develop a supporting decree covering MPAs. The need for kind of institutional capacity support will continue into the component period. Apart from support from the LMPA project/component, the ministry expects to receive further support to the legal framework from Norway under the project label of Putting life into the law. Output 2 Capacity for sound MPA management at national, provincial and site levels achieved through training and institutional development supported by a national MPA Training and Advisory Centre. Effective management of marine protected areas depends on the establishment of an integrated system of policies, regulations, programs
24
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
and people. The range of skills necessary for MPA management is wide and includes the following: Legislation and Policy Development Planning and Zoning Decision Support Systems Environmental Impact Assessment Surveillance and Enforcement Project and Personnel Management Operational Management at field level Infrastructure and Equipment Maintenance Education and Extension Poverty Reduction Community-Based Management Research and Monitoring
These activities need to be undertaken by competent and well-trained people with the skills, knowledge and understanding required to implement the objectives of MPA management. Ultimately the successful management of a marine protected area will come from changes in behaviour of people towards ecologically sustainable and socially acceptable uses of marine resources. It will also depend on the effectiveness of complementary management systems in areas surrounding the marine protected area. This will happen only if effective systems are established, staff and others are well trained and informed, appropriate policies and regulations are in place, inter-agency collaboration is achieved and community support is generated. To support the network of 15 MPA sites, and to ensure that capacity development can be achieved within the framework of the LMPA component, as well as at the programme level, a national MPA training centre will be established, with its main field facility located in Khanh Hoa Province in association with the Hon Mun MPA. This centre would be established as a network, comprising of a Training Unit established within the centre, plus other Nha Trang based institutions and associated marine institutes and university departments in Hanoi, HCM City, Haiphong and Cantho. Training support to the MPA network will be organised and managed by MOFI; administratively the training centre will come under the Research Institute for Marine Fisheries, Haiphong. An MPA curriculum based on modular training elements will be developed by the centre. 1. A coordinated training program will be delivered through the existing institutions as far as possible where the training is within their competence and expertise. The component team will assist the Training Unit to deliver other courses as required. These may be
25
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
delivered in the Centres own facilities, in the facilities of other institutions, or in community and field locations 2. Training will be commissioned and conducted on a province-toprovince, or project-by-project basis, with specific predetermined objectives, outputs and outcomes, including the training conducted by the institutions forming the Training Facility and from other institutions that have expertise outside Nha Trang MOFI will provide a Training Centre Manager to manage the work of the Training Center, including delivery of the overall training programme, under supervision from MOFI and with assistance from the LMPA component team. Output 3 Local communities involved in MPA management through the development of an integrated management system in selected demonstration MPA sites. To achieve output 3, management planning will be developed for Cu Lao Cham and Hon Mun MPAs based on a co-management approach. Capacity development for the MPA management boards and other local management structures, especially for operational planning, will focus on meeting specific vulnerability and poverty reduction targets, and gender equality objectives based on needs assessments in the local communities living in and around each demonstration MPA. Awareness raising, training and other capacity development activities will make an important contribution to the achievement of this output. Output 4 Marine habitats within selected demonstration MPA sites protected and their natural resources returned to a sustainably producing level. This output will be achieved through interventions that are site specific, but which will adhere to a set of principles based on zoning and participatory management of marine resources. Activities to support this output may also include habitat restoration and restocking of fishery/aquaculture species at particular sites where conditions for such interventions are found to be sufficiently favourable and necessary to achieve this output. This is the crucial output needed to link the conservation goal of the MPA network with the components second objective of achieving sustainable livelihoods for local people. Marine reserves are one tool for managing ocean ecosystem, but they cannot protect oceans from all human influences. Reserves alone may not address such pervasive problems as pollution and climate change, and they may have fewer direct benefits to some fishes and mammals that move long distances. However, the most recent scientific research shows that marine reserves usually boost the abundance, diversity, and size of marine species living within their borders. Output 4 will contribute to the Comprehensive Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy (CPRGS) objectives of achieving 4.0-4.5% growth in the
26
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
fishery sector during the period 2001-2010, sustainable environmental protection and, in the longer term will contribute to reducing the vulnerability of poor fisher households living around MPAs, i.e. linking to Output 5 (see below). Output 5 Improved socio-economic security for inhabitants living in and around selected demonstration MPA sites based on sound natural resources management and more diversified income generation. This output will ensure that the households most affected by MPA establishment, the poor and other disadvantaged people, especially those in women-only households, have equal opportunities to benefit from community-based resource management, training and awareness raising. Subject to the results of feasibility studies, credit will also be provided to assist these target groups to benefit from alternative/additional livelihood possibilities. Output 5 will support activities seeking to improve livelihoods in the local communities within the two demonstration MPAs. Livelihood improvement is considered to be an important strategic element to gain support and participation in the establishment and management of the demonstration MPAs, while it is also important to continue with livelihood interventions underway at Hon Mun and planned for Cu Lao Cham, in order to prove that they can be sustainable. It will be crucial for the component to focus on problems and natural resources, which the local communities themselves find important. The approach of the project should be exploitation-oriented because the priority for local people is survival and food security. Furthermore, the component should seek integrated management of resources because it is the absence of this that is making the fishery-based livelihoods so vulnerable. The activities should, as far as possible, focus on increasing the range of livelihood options available to low income households and should include considerations on ensuring that the poorest households benefit equally with other community members. Extension activities, village-to-village visits, and study tours plus training of community members will be important elements supporting this output. Output 6 Vietnam fully engaged in the international effort to establish a global network of MPAs and exchange experiences of reducing the vulnerability of local communities. The World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg (September 2002) produced agreement on concerted action to greatly expand the area of the worlds coastal waters being protected. Firm targets were proposed, for example (a) illegal fishing to end by 2004; (b) an ecosystem approach to MPA management to be in place by 2010; (c) a global network of MPAs to be established by 2012. The LMPA component is well timed to help Vietnam contribute effectively to this international effort, to benefit from the experiences of more developed countries with a longer history of MPA management, to share experiences, particular those relating to the special needs of poor and vulnerable communities living in and around MPAs, and to be a leading
27
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
country in the Southeast Asian regional effort to promote cooperation on MPAs. An important aspect of Vietnams participation in the global effort to expand the MPA network and improve management will be information generated by monitoring of the demonstration MPAs. Monitoring of the marine environment within and around MPAs, based on simple but reliable indicators, is a vital tool for management, which can also be integrated with similar development and livelihood indicators. In the context of the components objective to help vulnerable communities to meet their livelihood requirements without having to deplete marine resources, it is particularly important to develop methods of assessing poverty and environment linkages, and of measuring change in each of these connected parameters. These are cross-cutting issues facing Vietnam that are also of great significance to many other heavily populated developing countries. Experience sharing is therefore of great potential benefit to Vietnam and its Southeast Asian neighbours. 2.8. Activities
The precise activities needed to produce the outputs listed above, can only be developed by the implementing partners with the help of the advisors and within the supervisory framework set out in Programme Document. Activities will first be specified during the inception period in an annual work plan that will be submitted for the approval of the National MPA Steering Committee (NSC) and the review of the Programme Coordination Committee (PCC). Annual work plans will be prepared thereafter until the final year of the component. Proposed new activities or changes to the annual plans will be set out in the six-monthly progress reports. Finally, a detailed plan of activities for each quarter will be prepared in support of the application for routine replenishment of the programme bank account. Any activities indicated at this stage, therefore, can only be indicative, useful as a guide to the thinking that has underpinned component formulation and a further explanation of the nature of outputs expected. The activities listed in the components logical framework (Annex A) should be considered in that way.
28
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
2.9.
Inputs and Budget
Danida Support A summary of the requested support from Danida is provided below, based on the main categories of expenditure. A more detailed budget is provided in Annex H. The Summary Component Budget below corresponds to activity based budgets where the cost of each activity is estimated in terms of technical assistance (TA), operational cost, investment cost and contingency
Category Unit DKK Million DKK Percenta ge of component budget 9
Long term International TA Long term Subtotal Short term International short term National short term Subtotal Support costs Office staff Office equipment/running cost/operating exp Two 4WD, 7-seat cars and vehicle leasing Local travel costs Subtotal Investment costs Workshops/study tours/training Demonstration projects Subtotal Contingencies Contingencies (10% non TA) Others Technical reviews Financial audits Subtotal Grand total
mm mm mm mm
18 18 101 820
2.25 2.25 2.70 1.39 4.09 0 5.02 0.3
15
trip/days
375
0.7 1.11 7.13 3.24 5.86 9.10 0 1.63
27
35 6
P/s P/s
6 5
1.50 0.30 1.80 25.99
7 100
Funds are also provided for demonstration projects. The distribution of these funds will be in accordance with criteria and procedures laid down in a Programme Implementation Manual (PIM) produced by the Programme Support Office (PSO) during the Inception Period. These procedures and criteria are outlined in the Programme Document Chapter 7. Government of Vietnam Contribution MOFI will implement this component through its DOST, supported by the recently established National Directorate of Aquatic Resources Exploitation and Conservation (NADAREP). Personnel
29
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
A Component Director (20% of time basis) A full-time Component Vice Director (60 months) Other counterpart staff from MOFI will provide support to the component as and when required. They will not be expected to spend 100 percent of their time on the component but they will be expected to make a significant contribution.
30
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
Other inputs (in Hanoi) Office facilities in MOFI for the International Technical Advisor, the Component Support Office (CSO) and the component support staff Workplace facilities for short-term international and national TA Office costs such as rent, electricity, water, locally available equipment and furniture, maintenance and repair, stationery Component costs for domestic telephone and fax Costs for the use of government facilities for meetings, seminars, training courses, etc. Costs of convening the MPA NSC and Working Group meetings Costs for other regular meetings
Other inputs (in Quang Nam Province) Personnel A part time Provincial Director A full-time Provincial Manager Minimum four staff employed by the province who are assigned to work for Cu Lao Cham MPA, and are based in Hoian or Cu Lao Cham Office facilities for visiting advisors, consultants and trainers (sufficient for four people) in Tam Ky and Hoi An Normal operating costs for the office facilities Access to relevant data, information and research funding carried out by, or on behalf of, the GOV
Other inputs
Other inputs (in Khanh Hoa Province) MoFi will provide the resources necessary to build the new MPA Training Centre in Khanh Hoa Province, on land to be provided by the Provincial Peoples Committee. A full-time Training Centre Manager Two Training Centre assistants Support staff Office facilities for visiting advisors, consultants and trainers (sufficient for four people)
Personnel
Other inputs
31
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
Normal operating costs for the National Training Centre as a GoV facility Costs for regular meetings and seminars, etc.
The GoV contributions summarised above are equivalent to a financial value of DKK 2.5 million over five years. 2.10. Capacity Development 2.10.1. 2.10.2. Introduction Further Capacity Building Needs
As the implementation of an MPA strategy gets under way it is likely to raise the demand for a new set of skills from MOFI as well as from the provincial administrations. At the ministry, legal skills with regards to subsidiary legislation within MPA legislation will be required, and at the provincial level there will be demand for better long-terms spatial planning. In the first instance it may be considered how MOFI legal staff best may become acquainted with best international practice. In the second case it is important to that the provincial staff tasked with MPA responsibilities are given the opportunity to avail themselves of possible ongoing ICZM training activities, since many of the threats, against as well as opportunities for the success, of MPAs may be identified and controlled at this level. Capacity development is much needed in the Department of Resource Protection and Environment (under the National Directorate of Fisheries Exploitation and Conservation). This new department is responsible for fisheries protection, and protected water areas, including MPAs, but was established only a few months ago. The department has two permanent staff and two contracted staff at present; in total seven staff are needed; three more (to be recruited) will work on MPA management. At provincial level, the organisational structure has not been reviewed yet (by the end of this year, there may have some changes made to suit with structure at national level). The priority capacity development needs for this new department are: To develop criteria for recruiting new staff working on MPA management; To send the new recruited staff ( 3-4) to be trained in LMPA component for about one year ( then they can be key people in MPA management); To arrange study tours for senior staff to gain practical experience; To have some scientific equipment and training in its use for MPA surveys; Capacity development for staff at the local level (provincial division) through management training courses and on-the-job training;
32
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE 2.10.3.
To develop the periodically reporting and reviewing system from provinces to national level (MOFI); To develop a set of assessment indicators for the MPA network. Capacity Development at the Provincial Level
It must be recognised that capacity development in the provinces with priority MPA sites is a major challenge for the component. The starting point is human resources development to educate provincial staff as to the purpose and functions of an MPA. Developing an integrated management approach from provincial to local community level, interpreting the national legal framework for MPAs at provincial level, organising staff working practices, and implementing a strategy to reduce vulnerability of local communities in and around each MPA, are further priority needs that will require considerably more capacity than presently available in the MPA provinces. Capacity development is urgently required at all levels in the MPA provinces, from Provincial Peoples Committee (PPC) level to local communities and fishers. 2.10.4. Programme Timing and Alignment The LMPA component is strongly directed towards capacity development for MPA management. It will therefore be aligned closely with the capacity development component of the programme, to the extent of sharing training resources (trainers, courses, workshops, training materials, etc.). Through the formation of a MPA Training Center networked with several universitys and research institutions throughout Vietnam, the LMPA component can materially assist with other training needs within the programme level and its partners. The LMPA component will also develop considerable experience in marine environmental monitoring, and in monitoring changes in the socioeconomic security of vulnerable communities, that can be shared with other components of the programme, and with MONRE in particular.
33
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE 3. 3.1. ASSUMPTIONS AND RISKS Commitment of Stakeholders
The LMPA component will be anchored in MOFI. The functions and authorities of MOFI were revised recently by Decision 43 (43/2003/ND-CP (02 May 2003) to include the protection and development of fisheries resources. Under this mandate, and through the implementation of the Hon Mun pilot MPA Project, and now the MPA Project, with Cu Lao Cham as the demonstration MPA site, MOFI has shown a strong commitment and responsibility to support the MPA network in Vietnam. There has also been close and successful cooperation with IUCN and WWF, inter alia in connection with support to the Hon Mun and Con Dao MPAs, respectively. As leading international NGOs dedicated to conservation and sustainable development, IUCN and WWF are important institutional stakeholders well placed to assist MOFI implement the LMPA component, especially at the local community level. The other main GOV institutions involved with protected area management in Vietnam are MONRE and MARD. At the present time, coordination mechanisms with MONRE and other ministries are being formulated (e.g. the MPA NSC, on which MONRE, MARD, MPI and MOF sit with MOFI as permanent members). However, as part of such coordination, important decisions will have to taken about the degree of inclusiveness, or exclusiveness, of MOFIs cooperation with MONRE and MARD regarding Vietnams protected area system overall. The above consideration will apply especially to MPA sites that are also managed by MARD as national parks/nature reserves, or which have mangroves (under MARD/FPD supervision); and coastal protected areas under MONREs authority, which includes internationally recognised protected areas, e.g. the Ha Long Bay World Heritage Site, the Can Gio and Cat Ba Biosphere Reserves, and the Ramsar wetland site in Nam Dinh Province. It is much less clear how the Cu Lao Cham MPA sub-component will be anchored at the provincial level in Quang Nam. The model under consideration will feature an MPA Management Board with representatives appointed by the PPC. Under the MPA Project, an integrated management structure has been proposed, whereby project staff will work in close association with the most relevant provincial departments, namely DOFI, DONRE, DARD, DOST and Department of Tourism. After the project/component is completed, some staff would be employed by the provincial authorities in support of the work of the MPA Management Board. However the structural and operational features of the MPA Management Board have still to be determined. A related concern is that the working relationship between MOFI and the PPC should be clearly agreed, in which MOFI is responsible for MPA policy at national level and for providing advice and technical assistance to the provinces. The PPC is responsible for MPA management at site level. The role and involvement of the provincial DOFI and other provincial technical departments should also be clearly decided and agreed. Positive commitment has been shown by the local stakeholders on Cu Lao Cham. An MPA is also being formed on Cu Lao Cham, made up of members of the island community. A visitor/community centre supported by three locally recruited project staff is also included in the workplan,
34
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
which will become the on-island base for community development and awareness raising activities. The Hon Mun MPA has now been transferred from project management to a new local body, the Nha Trang Bay MPA Authority which has a strong mandate for management, including revenue-generating powers. The LMPA component facilities in Nha Trang (i.e. a coordination office for the National MPA Training Center) will be located next to the MPA Authority offices in Nha Trang. The Peoples Committee of Khanh Hoa Province has already shown a strong commitment to the Hon Mun MPA and has further demonstrated its commitment by offering land suitable for the proposed National Training Centre. 3.2. Institutional
Under its new mandate (2003), the MOFI has the following responsibilities that are directly relevant to MPA management: Make regulations relating to species that need protection or rehabilitation, measures to protect fish habitat and ecosystems, preservation of genetic sources and fish biodiversity. Coordinate with MONRE and other relevant ministries and sectors to set out the environment protection measures and water resources related to fish habitat. Set out the closed areas, restriction areas and fish species that are imported to imported or exported. Organise the surveys, research, assessment, management and protection of fisheries resources in sustainable manner, manage inland protected areas and marine parks.
MOFI is supported by nine departments, an inspection office, a cabinet office, and nine centres/institutions covering research, extension and information. Currently, the MPA project is implemented through the Department of Science and Technology. Based on a decision of the MOFI in August 2003 (08/2003/QD-BTS), the National Directorate of Aquatic Resources Exploitation and Protection (NADAREP) will assume responsibility for various functions to protect fisheries resources, including the conservation of fish fry, genetic sources, fish biodiversity, the protection of inland areas and marine parks as set out by legislation. (NADAREP replaces the Fisheries Resources Protection and Environment Department established in 1994.) Within NADAREP, responsibility for the MPA network will be assigned to the Department on Protection of Aquatic Resources and Environment. As a newly established directorate, NADAREP is still not fully staffed and has virtually no experience with MPA management. The Department on Protection of Aquatic Resources and Environment has been allocated seven staff in total, but only two permanent staff and two contracted staff work there currently; three additional staff are still needed to work on MPA management. The capacity building needs of this new department are described in section 5. Recognising that it will take time to build the necessary capacity in NADAREP, the Department of Science and Technology, will implement the
35
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
LMPA component on behalf of MOFI, but with close involvement of the staff of NADAREP. Capacity development for NADAREP will be a priority goal under LMPA component immediate objective 1, and the supporting activities will include training for NADAREP staff. 3.3. Accountability The LMPA component will follow the financial, procurement and administrative procedures assigned at the programme/national level (see Chapter 7 of the Programme Document). 3.4. Sustainability and Replicability
The sustainability of managed MPAs is being developed and demonstrated by the Hon Mun MPA. After four years of pilot project support (since 2000) the component will provide small elements of further support to ensure that the new Nha Trang Bay MPA Authority for Hon Mun continues to be viable and that sustainable marine resources management around Hon Mun is achieved in the medium to longer term. The same approach is being adopted for Cu Lao Cham as the second demonstration MPA, which will receive a total of seven years support from the LMPA component. Con Dao is a third site within the MPA network that is achieving progress towards sustainable management. Con Dao is also following an integrated management approach with all local stakeholders involved. Although sustainability will remain a challenge for MPAs in Vietnam, the elements necessary for a viable MPA are now well defined and understood. These elements, which are listed below, cover the institutional, technical and financial needs for sustainability: place Provincial to local MPA management boards established Management planning and implementation mechanisms in Capacity development strategy concerning institutional and organisational strengthening, as well as human resources development Annual Workplans (with priorities defined) Effective awareness raising programmes introduced at all
levels
Alternative Livelihoods strategy developed with supporting financing mechanisms provided Tourism training (environmentally sustainable tourism) Income recovery and sharing mechanisms established Monitoring and assessment systems in place, which can provide feedback for management and operational planning.
Replicability is closely linked with capacity development for MPA management. The component will provide support to Vietnams MPA network of 15 sites in a manner that provides capacity development at
36
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
national level, as well as continuation of assistance to two demonstration MPA sites, Hon Mun and Cu Lao Cham. The national MPA training centre in Nha Trang (to be provided under Output 2 of the component) will provide capacity development through training initially, and gradually will also provide advisory support to the whole network. Replicability will be promoted by taking a lessons-learned approach, based on experiences from Hon Mun, Cu Lao Cham and Con Dao, and transferring the knowledge acquired into the training and advisory services that will operate through MOFI and the national MPA training centre. The MPA Project Document summarises this approach well: Experience from implementing the Hon Mun Pilot MPA Project will also be used to guide the formation and work of the other management boards. This approach will continue into the LMPA component with the expectation that Hon Mun and Cu Lao Cham will become increasingly valuable examples that other provinces with MPA sites can learn from.
37
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE 4. 4.1. MONITORING Monitoring System
The LMPA component monitoring and reporting system will be based on the Danida Aid Management Guidelines (November 2003). Other elements of the system will be developed to harmonise with the monitoring and reporting systems arranged for the DCE programme as a whole. For this reason, progress indicators for LMPA will also be determined later at the programme level (therefore indicators are not shown in the LFA (annex A). The MOFI Component Director will conduct monitoring of the component to feed into the overall Joint Programme Review (JPR) to be conducted by Danida and MPI. Monitoring will take the form of regular meetings with the main provincial stakeholders and on the basis of the annual work plans and semi-annual progress reports. Details of LMPA component reviews, plus marine environmental and socioeconomic surveys that will provide additional information for monitoring purposes are described under the Component Implementation Plan (Chapter 7 of this document). 4.2. Linkage to National Sector Framework Targets
The LMPA component will directly support Vietnams Millennium Development Goal for the environment, namely to Implement national strategies for sustainable development by 2005 so as to reverse the loss of environmental resources by 2015. The MPA network of 15 sites, to be supported by a strong policy and legal framework, is developing as the principal national strategy for MPAs. This strategy is currently being supported by the MPA Project (2003-2006) and the LMPA component represents a continuation and expansion of this support. Regarding the CPRGS, the LMPA component will contribute to Objective 9 Sustainable Environmental Protection and to Objective 10 Reduce Vulnerability. The LMPA component represents support to a thematic area which contributes to one of the priorities of the NSEP, namely to increase the number of protected areas in Vietnam, especially MPAs and protected wetlands (this is an immediate objective of the NSEP). The component will also contribute to the NSEP targets to strengthen capacity in government agencies at the central and local levels for environmental assessments, and to improve environmental monitoring and disclosure of environmental data. 4.3. Indicators and Means of Verification
Suggested indicators and means of verification are provided in Annex A. During the Inception Phase workshops will be undertaken and stakeholders at all levels will assist in elaborating and refining indicators and their means of verification
38
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE 4.4. Reporting System
The MOFI Component Director, assisted by the International-Long-term Adviser (ILTA), will be responsible for the overall reporting. In assigning the reporting system, the principle to be followed is that national institutions shall function according to their mandate. The Component Director will therefore produce reports based upon the existing GOV reporting system. Information from these reports will be collated and synthesised by the ILTA into semi-annual and annual progress and planning reports, and submitted to the NSC for review, and distribution to Danida and Royal Danish Embassy (RDE). The exact format and content for semi-annual and annual reporting will be developed during component inception, following a pro forma contained within the PIM. The PIM will also provide guidance on the development of an appropriate monitoring and management information to be established during the Inception Phase, to enable the Component Director and the ILTA to capture the data for the progress indicators in an efficient manner. The indicators listed in the log frame (Annex A) are provided as suggestions for discussion and further development during the component inception period. The reports prepared for Danida shall be in English and Vietnamese, while the internal reporting from local and provincial level to Ministry of Industry can be prepared in Vietnamese only. Financial reporting will follow the procedures outlined in Chapter 6. 4.5. Reviews and Evaluations JPRs will be undertaken in years one, two (month 30) and four (month 48). The review will determine the necessity or otherwise of component Technical Reviews addressing any specific issues or problems that may be identified during the evaluation process. Technical Reviews may also be undertaken at the discretion of the PSO or the CSO after the Inception Phase, around Month 10-12, to determine the appropriateness of the component guidelines and the detailed work plans. All Technical Reviews will be scheduled to feed into the JPR. The JPR during year four will be undertaken during month 48 (ie. 12 months before the end of the component), and will be combined with an appraisal of the components possible continuation. Both the implementing agencies and external reviewers will undertake component monitoring and evaluation. An Annual Component Report will include an assessment of the impact monitoring indicators as well as a post-evaluation of environmental effects of the demonstration project interventions and the impacts of the component on the capacity of participating institutions. Monitoring reports will be submitted to the NSC, the PSO and ultimately to the PCC. 4.5.1.Surveys The marine environments and socio-economic conditions in Hon Mun and Cu Lao Cham will be resurveyed in 2006 and 2008, respectively, to provide status reports on progress being made towards achieving habitat
39
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
protection and sustainable resources utilisation. The environmental and socio-economic changes reported on since the previous surveys (Hon Mun in 2002, Cu Lao Cham in 2004) will also provide an evaluation of progress in relation to the Development Objective at each of the demonstration MPA sites. In addition, indicator-based monitoring of the environment and selected socio-economic parameters will operate on a monthly basis throughout the component. 4.6. Schedule
The Component Implementation Plan in Chapter 7 presents timing of key monitoring, reporting and review events.
40
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
5. 5.1.
MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATION Management of the Component
5.1.1.Implementation mechanisms The LMPA component will be implemented by MOFI, Hanoi. The current MPA Project offices in MOFI will serve as the CSO for LMPA. The NSC for the MPA Network, which has been approved in principle, with a Vice-Minister of MOFI as its chairman, will guide the work of the component. The proposed composition of the NSC will be expanded to include a representative from Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs (MOLISA). The NSC will be supported by an advisory body consisting of ministerial representatives and experts. (This body will be formed during the MPA project phase by merging the Interministerial Working Group and the Technical Advisory Group into a single MPA Advisory Group.) Later in the component, the work of this advisory group will be implemented through the National MPA Training centre, which will gradually take over the advisory role on MPAs from the ILTA. MOFI, assisted by the CSO, will manage the MPA Network and continue to develop the policy and legal framework for MPAs in Vietnam. The demonstration MPA sites of Hon Mun, Cu Lao Cham and, to a lesser extent Con Dao, will continue to receive support. This will be implemented through Provincial Management Offices situated with the Provincial Management Authority/Board for each of the above sites and each body will send a representative to attend meetings of the NSC as an observer. Within guidelines to be provided by MOFI, the Management Authority/Board will submit proposals for awareness raising, training, poverty reduction and monitoring activities, based on agreed priorities to achieve the component objectives at these sites. Appraisal of proposals and supervision of their implementation will be undertaken by MOFI and the component team, supported by the MPA Advisory Group, and short term consultants, as required. The MOFI Component Director and ILTA will jointly approve those proposals which receive a satisfactory appraisal. At provincial level, each MPA Management Board will be encouraged to adopt an integrated management approach involving cooperation between several key departments, namely Department of Finance, DONRE, DOST, DARD, FPD, MOLISA, Department of Tourism and the Civil Organisations. This integrated approach is being piloted in Quang Nam Province (Cu Lao Cham MPA) by the MPA Project, while in Khanh Hoa Province, the Nha Trang Bay MPA Authority has been established as the provincial body responsible for Hon Mun MPA. The support staff needed to implement the component will be hired by GOV following GOV employment, the salary scale is to be agreed between RDE and MPI, and is paid for by the Programme.
41
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE 5.2.
Procedures for Implementation Planning and Budgeting
The LMPA component is a continuation from two existing projects supporting the national MPA network, and two demonstration MPAs, Cu Lao Cham and Hon Mun. Planning and budgeting of the component have followed logically from the project level, via an analysis of the project outputs which are expected to be achieved by their completion. Those outputs that should be continued under the DCE component, and new outputs to support the component objectives, were then identified. The demonstration MPA sites remain unchanged, but a new National MPA Centre has been included to provide stronger institutional capacity for implementation of training and awareness raising activities under the component. The Hon Mun pilot MPA site, and later on Cu Lao Cham MPA, will provide on-site opportunities to demonstrate baseline environmental and socioeconomic monitoring. They will also demonstrate the implementation of MPA zoning plans; activities supporting improved living conditions for MPA communities (examples: solar power, composting toilets, solid waste management, clean water); and activities to promote sustainable livelihoods. Budgetting has been, and will continue to be, based on the expenditure norms of the two on-going MPA projects. 5.3. Revision and Adjustment of Component
The procedure for revision and adjustment of component activities and budgets will be as follows: Changes to overall budget and activities of the component will be subject to discussion and approval during Technical Reviews Use of unallocated funds - as above Use of contingencies and reallocation between component budget lines will be decided by the PPC based on recommendations by the CSO. It is noted that reallocation cannot occur in relation to budget lines covering already agreed contracts Adjustment of provincial level activities affecting reallocation of provincial level budget lines to be decided by CSO and reported for review by NSC at the subsequent NSC meeting Adjustment of provincial level activities affecting only the time of disbursement within a year: to be decided by PCO and reported for review of the CSO in the subsequent progress report
42
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE 6. 6.1.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND PROCUREMENT Background
The current MPA Project consists of two sub-projects, one at national level in Hanoi, the other at provincial level in Quang Nam Province; each subproject has its own separate budget. This model is not workable for the component, because it is an impediment to coordination of effort. Moreover, the component will work directly in two provinces (Quang Nam and Khanh Hoa) and indirectly is expected to provide technical services to several other provinces on a demand driven basis. Instead, there will be one budget administered by the MOFI/LMPA component, containing both allocated funds for MPA management and capacity building, and a general fund for MPA poverty reduction and awareness raising activities - to be allocated on a demand driven basis to Cu Lao Cham and Hon Mun, in response to proposals prepared by the provincial authorities managing these demonstration MPA sites, assisted by the local component subteams and ILTA. The key pre-requisite for this financial management system to work in practice is that effective communication and coordinating mechanisms are established between the national level (represented by MOFI and the LMPA NSC), and the provincial level (including the PPC, MPA Management Authorities and the Civil Organisations/NGOs. These mechanisms will be developed over the next 12 months of the MPA Project, as explained in the Project Document: An important function of the projects pilot site activities will be to develop and test new approaches to environmental management, and to strengthen existing institutional arrangements in Quang Nam province. The project aims to integrate social, environmental, and economic considerations into the planning and decision-making process by creating more efficient institutional coordinating mechanisms that can better link the planning and environmental management between the national and provincial levels. 6.2. Budgeting and Cash Flow Management
The overall budget for the component is specified in the Programme Document, and can only be changed by the PCC. Proposals for reallocation of funds and major changes to inputs, activities and outputs may be referred to annual Technical Reviews that may be carried out for specific components and for the entire programme. Component policymaking, coordination of activities, annual budget approval and allocation of budget within the component rests with the NSC, as assisted by the CSO. MOFI will be responsible for budgeting and cash flow management of the operational budget of the component., assisted by the CSO, and, if necessary, a Financial Service Consultant/Company (FSC) contracted by the RDE out of the programme budget. Budgeting and cash flow of international long-term and short-term TA consultant agreements for delivery of services to the component will be
43
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
entirely managed by RDE, Hanoi. National consultancies will part of the operational budget managed by MOFI and the CSO. MOFI will utilize its own accounting system to account for the programme activities. However, if their existing accounting software is unable to accommodate these activities, separate accounting software for the particular purpose can be procured. Which ever solution is chosen, the system must be able to handle budget lines for the programme and provide the financial reports as required. The FSC will provide any necessary assistance. The Component Inception Report (CIR) elaborated by the CSO will include a revised budget for the whole component as well as a detailed budget and workplan for the first year of operation divided into quarters. The budget will clearly stipulate the relation to GOV contributions and accounting procedures and scheduling. Furthermore the CIR will include an accounting manual based on the internal procedures of MOFI and elaborated in cooperation with the Financial Consultant. Subsequent budget revisions and update will be carried out in connection with the regular progress reporting. MOFI will be responsible for overall coordination, monitoring and verification that the outputs are consistent with the funds used, and thus for approving the transfer of new tranches. 6.3. Disbursement Authorisation
The CSO will administer a separate bank account to which the Programme Account will make quarterly deposits based on the approved work plans and budgets and subject to satisfactory quarterly financial statements elaborated with the assistance of the FSC. Disbursements from the Programme Account will follow the procedures laid down in the PIM, and CIR. Bank interest, gained on bank holdings, is not to be considered as part of the programme finance and must returned to RDE at the end of every fiscal year. Disbursements for budget line "demonstration projects" will be channelled through the MOFI, but will then be managed by the implementing agency, and likewise be subject to presentation of satisfactory financial reports. Where the implementing agency is an external body, then MOFI will retain overall responsibility for financial management and reporting. 6.4. Accounting Principles and Procedures
The procedures and accounting system will be based on Danidas General Guidelines for Accounting (1996) and procedures described in the PIM. For demonstration projects the implementation agency may use its own accounting procedures to report expenditure to MOFI, provided that these are GOV approved, or if not, that they have first been reviewed and approved by the FSC. 6.5. Financial Auditing and Reporting
44
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE
Financial reporting will be carried out by MOFI with assistance from the CSO. The CSO will in turn receive support and guidance from the PSO and FSC, to include both supervision and training in harmonising the systems for programme financial management. Financial reporting will be monthly, quarterly and annually and be in accordance with the PIM. As a minimum the monthly reporting will at least include consolidation of bank statements whereas the quarterly reporting will include estimated spending per budget line. All reporting will be subject to internal auditing as and when required. The internal audit may be carried out by the Danish Auditor General, Head of Financial Accounting Section or Financial Controller of RDE. External audits will be undertaken on an annual basis upon the previous years accounts. At the termination of the component a final audit will also be undertaken within three months of closure, or as agreed according to a plan to be outlined in cooperation between the component and PCC. 6.6. Procurement
All equipment to be purchased should conform to the existing regulations of Vietnam and be in accordance with procurement guidelines set by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and be based on specifications provided by the Programme, unless otherwise agreed. Routine procurements under Demonstration Projects will follow thresholds and procedures detailed in the PIM. Procurement of international TA follows Danida rules and regulations. The procurement of short term TA will be based on the decisions of the CSO in response to requests raised by MOFI and/or the provinces with MPAs and drawn from a pool of experts to be provided by the successful tenderer, or as advised by RDE Hanoi.
45
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE 7.
COMPONENT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
The component will be implemented over a period of 5 years, with the likelihood of an overlap period of 12-18 months with the existing DEA MPA Project (scheduled end date 30 September 2006). The MPA project midterm review, which will be due in April 2005, is a suitable activity and milestone to plan the integration of the remaining project work, including budgeting, with the component level. A six-month component inception period is planned; during this period the structural and operational management systems established during the MPA project period will be reviewed and modified as necessary to accommodate the component level requirements. This will include review of the office procedures, accounting and reporting systems, other information management arrangements, and communications between the national and provincial levels. A similar review will establish the procedures necessary for the LMPA component to report to and communicate with the programme level. Based on the existing MPA Project mid-term review, outputs and activities started under the MPA project will be restructured; some will have finished, or will continue as outputs and activities within the component design; some activities may be revised to better address the component objectives, or be discontinued. JPRs are scheduled in September 2007, and in September 2009, but these may be modified in line with the programme level review process, or Technical Reviews may be undertaken on a needs basis. There will also be two significant environmental and socio-economic surveys to provide updates of the habitat and biodiversity status of the two principal demonstration MPAs (Hon Mun and Cu Lao Cham) in relation to sustainable utilisation of marine resources by the local communities. These will be scheduled in May-June 2006 (Hon Mun) and May-June 2008 (Cu Lao Cham). These are timed to take place four years after each of these two sites was previously surveyed (Hon Mun in 2000) and (Cu Lao Cham in 2004). An international MPA conference is planned as an important activity by which Vietnam can gain more recognition as a country contributing to the global effort to establish a network of MPAs. This conference, and two regional workshops that are also planned in Vietnam, will provide a suitable forum for cross-cutting themes to be presented and discussed. Many issues pertinent to recovering environmental resilience, reducing vulnerability, achieving sustainable livelihoods and promoting gender equality apply to MPA management in many countries and meetings will provide important benchmarks regarding Vietnams progress and internationally. An overview of the component implementation schedule is provided below: Activity MPA Project mid term review Component report Inception -2005 --2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
46
Embassy of Denmark
Vietnam-Denmark DCE Component reports Progress ______ __ --
LMPA Component Document ______ --______ ______
Environmental indicator monitoring Component evaluations Survey
______
Component Reviews Component Evaluation Final
47
Embassy of Denmark

Sustainable Livelihoods

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Sustainable Livelihoods

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Ministry of Fisheries

Vietnam Denmark: Development Cooperation in the Environment (DCE) 2005 - 2010

Component Document Sustainable Livelihoods in and around Marine Protected Areas

Vietnam-Denmark DCE 104. Vietnam 806-6

LMPA Component Document May 2005

Vietnam-Denmark DCE COVER PAGE

LMPA Component Document

Country: Programme Title: Component Title: National Agencies:

Starting Date: Duration: Overall Support: Short Component Description:

LMPA Component Document

Vietnam-Denmark DCE TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover Page Abbreviations Executive Summary

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

Vietnam-Denmark DCE 1. 1.1. INTRODUCTION Previous Support

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

Vietnam-Denmark DCE 2. 2.1. DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENT Summary Statement

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

Objective 2 Objectives 2 and 3 Objective 3

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

Inputs and Budget

2.25 2.25 2.70 1.39 4.09 0 5.02 0.3

0.7 1.11 7.13 3.24 5.86 9.10 0 1.63

1.50 0.30 1.80 25.99

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

Vietnam-Denmark DCE 2.10.3.

LMPA Component Document

Vietnam-Denmark DCE 3. 3.1. ASSUMPTIONS AND RISKS Commitment of Stakeholders

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

Vietnam-Denmark DCE 4. 4.1. MONITORING Monitoring System

LMPA Component Document

Vietnam-Denmark DCE 4.4. Reporting System

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

LMPA Component Document

MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATION Management of the Component

Vietnam-Denmark DCE 5.2.

LMPA Component Document

Procedures for Implementation Planning and Budgeting

Vietnam-Denmark DCE Component reports Progress ____ --

LMPA Component Document -- __