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Project Participants in Project Management

Project Participant is the legal entity that participates in a project and takes over all respective tasks and responsibilities. Project participant is a party involved, which has indicated to be a project participant, or a private and/or public entity authorized by a party involved to participate in a project activity The project participants consist of all the individuals entities who either : - Work on the project directly, such as team members, consultants, contractors, and the sub-contractors. - Influence the project directly such as the internal project stakeholders (including functional managers and executives), the project sponsor, and the customer/client. The difference between project stakeholders and project participants is that the former include the individuals/entities who have indirectly a stake in the success of the project (such as the end users) while the latter doesn't. Project Participants are those entities within or outside an organization which:1. sponsor a project, or 2. have an interest or a gain upon a successful completion of a project;

3. may have a positive or negative influence in the project completion. Project participants are anyone who has an interest in the project. Project stakeholders are individuals and organizations that are actively involved in the project, or whose interests may be affected as a result of project execution or project completion. They may also exert influence over the projects objectives and outcomes. The project management team must identify the stakeholders, determine their requirements and expectations, and, to the extent possible, manage their influence in relation to the requirements to ensure a successful project. The following are examples of project participants:

Project leader Project team members Upper management Project customer Resource Managers Line Managers Product user group Project testers

There are narrower views of the term participants, focusing on the influencers and decision makers of a business or technological change or they are managers who have the organizational authority to allocate resources (people, money, services) and set priorities for their own organizations in

support of a change. They are the people who make or break a change.

Rights of project participants Project participants have the following rights1. The right to mark information sent to 2. The right to be heard by the senior authority 3. The right to select, enter into a contract with, and subsequently communicate with the performing validation, and performing verification and certification: 4. The right to receive notification of a review of registration and its result: Adding a new project participant It is in accordance with the project which is being undertaken Withdrawal of a project participant It is in accordance with the project which is being undertaken

How to Identify Participants in Project Management As a project manager responsible for completing projects successfully and within scope, its imperative that you know the participants. Because participants require to understand the

specifications of a project and to meet their expectations, performing an analysis of who they are is essential. Be aware that its a time-consuming process, and one in which you want to make sure no important stakeholder is missed. The imp factor that should be kept in mind while deciding for project participants are as 1. Review the Project Charter 2. Conduct Your Stakeholder Analysis 3. Research More Documents (Contract documents, Organizational process assets, Enterprise environmental factors) 4. Talk to Subject Matter Experts 5. Brainstorm 6. Create a Stakeholder Management Strategy 7. Continue Making Adjustments Example The project management participants in an web project based on the hierarchy- Project Owner - Project Sponsor -- Project Manager --- Team Leader ---- Database Architect ---- Programmer ---- Designer ---- HTML Developer

In the above example, we understand that the HTML Developer reports to the team leader, who in turn reports to the project manager, and who finally reports to the project sponsor and the project owner. There is no standard/generic project management hierarchy, but PM hierarchies for the same industry are very similar.

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