3. What is manufacturing?manufacturing can be defined as a material that go through a process to produce a product.

Theinitial process consist of raw material that will be altered by physical or chemical process thatwill be give output of desired output or product.5. difficulties encountered at the manufacturing stage must be conveyed to the designers formodification in design, if any. The two-way communication between design andmanufacturing can help to improve the quality of the product to a great extent, asdifferent issues such as practical difficulties, achievable tolerances and processcapabilities will be addressed. Performance of the manufactured product The product must function as per the expectations of the end customer. The two waycommunication between designers and customer is the key to have a high quality product. Manufacturing Process Selection Criteria The following points need to be considered before the actual manufacturing of aproduct. Material selection including and considering all the environmental and recyclingaspects Selection of processing methods such as metal casting, metal forming, sheet metalworking, powder metallurgy, machining, joining, finishing etc. Shape and appearance of the final product

Dimensional tolerance and surface finish aspects of the final product Economics of tooling Design requirements Functional requirements of the product Production quantity required Safety and environmental concerns CostProduct design is the most important parameter amongst all the parameters of themanufacturing system. As quality is imbibed at each stage in the product, if the producthas not been designed right at the first stage, no subsequent operation or steps can bringback the quality into the product. Hence, the material and manufacturing process selection and all associated concerns such as availability, environmental considerations,recycling etc must be taken care of right at the product design and development stage. Asfar as the manufacturing process is concerned, it must be economical and capable of producing the geometric surfaces and other features which are embodied in the design of the product. Manufacturing Processes Classification There are six basic / fundamental classifications of manufacturing processes.1. Metal casting or Molding: expendable mold and permanent mold2. Metal Forming and Shearing: rolling, forging, extrusion, drawing, sheetforming, powder metallurgy3. Material Removal Processes / Machining Processes: turning, boring,drilling, milling, planing, shaping, broaching, grinding, ultrasonic machining,chemical machining, electrical discharge machining (EDM), Abrasive flowmachining (AFM), abrasive jet machining (AJM), electrochemicalmachining, high-energy beam machining, laser beam machining (LBM) etc.4. Joining: welding, brazing, soldering, diffusion bonding, adhesive bonding,mechanical joining, plasma arc, plasma MIG, projection welding, ultrasonic,electron beam welding, laser welding etc.5. Finishing (painting, anti-corrosion coatings, etc.)6.

Rapid Manufacturing: stereo-lithography, selective laser sintering, fuseddeposition modeling, three dimensional printing, laminated objectmanufacturing, laser engineered net shapin It does not further used for the others production. For example burger, shirt, laptop, tv, mobile phone and others.Capital goods are the goods which purchased by other companies for use to a new production.Capital goods would consist of items such as industrial buildings, equipment, and heavymachinery . TUTORIAL 3 1) Sketch and describe procedure for open-die and close-die forging process.2) Describe preforming operation of edging and fullering.3) Describe the difficulties involved in defining the term forgeability precisely.4) What is the purpose of a dummy block in extrusion?5) Describe the process of indirect extrusion.6) Describe three extrusion defects and suggest suitable method to prevent them from occur.7) Sketch and describe the process of injection and blow molding. Describe characteristics for bothprocesses.8) Describe two type of mold in injection molding process.9) What is prototype? Describe the advantages of Rapid Prototyping.10) Describe with aid of sketching the process of SLA, FDM and 3D Printing. Compare the startingmaterial for all the processes.11) Describe discontinuities that usually develop in welding process. Describe the testing techniquesfor critical applications for welded structure.12) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for adhesive bonding, mechanical fastening andwelding.13) Describe three types of adhesives.14) Describe design guidelines for mechanical fastening.