Gallo-Brittonic Grammar 1.

Nouns
Version 1.1 (16th July 2013) Edward Hatfield (Wedoku)

Contents 1. O-stem Nouns 2. -stem Nouns

1. O-stem Nouns Masculine *epo-s horse Singular Nominative Vocative Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative Instrumental Locative *ep-os *ep-e *ep-on *ep- *ep-(i) *ep-(d) *ep- *ep- Plural *ep- ? *ep-s *ep-on *ep-obos *ep-obos ? ? Neuter *mlo-n animal Singular *ml-on *ml-on *ml-on *ml- *ml-(i) *ml-(d) *ml- *ml- Plural *ml- *ml- *ml- *ml-on *ml-obos *ml-obos ? ?

1.1 The vocative plural masculine may have been either *ep-, following the nominative (as is common with Indo-European languages) or *ep-s, following the accusative (as indicated by Old Irish form echu). The latter is by far the commoner reconstruction. 1.2 The instrumental and locative plurals of both genders are problematic. The fragments of evidence from inscriptions suggest the instrumental forms to have been *ep-obis and *ml-obis respectively, analogous with the -stem. There is no attested evidence for the locative, although it is commonly reconstructed as identical to the instrumental. Direct descent from Proto-Indo-European would render these forms as *ep-s (< *h1 ) and *ml-s (< *meh1l ) (instrumental) and *ep-osu (< *h1 o ) and *ml-osu (< *meh1l ) (locative). 2. -stem Nouns Feminine *to t tribe Singular Nominative Vocative Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative Instrumental Locative *tout- ? *tout-n *tout-is *tout-ai *tout-(d) *tout-(i) *tout-ai Plural *tout-s *tout-s *tout-s ? *tout-bos *tout-bos *tout-bis ? Feminine *bna woman Singular *bn-a ? *bn-n *bn-s *bn-ai *bn-(d) *bn- *bn-ai Plural *bn-s *bn-s *bn-s ? *bn-bos *bn-bos *bn-bis ?

2.1 The vocative singular of nouns following the regular *tout pattern are reconstructed as either *tout- (< *tewteh2) or *tout-a (< *tewte) .

2.2 The genitive singular drops the initial i before nouns which already end in one, i.e. ? 2.3 The genitive plural of both nouns is problematic. For the regular pattern, evidence from Old Irish and Proto-Indo-European indicates *tout-on (> t at N) or *tout-n (< *tewteh2om), whilst evidence from Gaulish and Celtiberian would indicate *tout-non or *tout-aun respectively. For the irregular noun *bna, evidence from Old Irish indicates *banon (> banN), whilst evidence from Proto-Indo-European indicates *bnn (< *gw 2oHom). The Gaulish form is, however, attested as bnanom.