Ideal Science Academy (156-D Gulfishan colony)

CHAPTER: 1

Physical quantities and measurement (Problems)

P1.1) Express the following quantities using prefixes. Solution: (a) 5000g As 1000g = 1kg so 5000/1000 =5kg Ans (b)2000000w As 106 = mega So 2000000 w 2 x 106 =2MW (c) 52 x 10-10 x kg since 1kg =1000g or103g =52 x 10-10 x 103g = 52 x 10-10+3g = 52 x 10-7g = 5.2 x 101 x 10-7g = 5.2 x 10-7+1g = 5.2 x 10-6g =5.2ug Ans -8 (d) 225 x 10 s =2.25 x 102 x 10-8s = 2.25 x 102-8s =2.25 x 10-6s = 2.25 us ANS P1.2) How do prefixes micro, nano and pico related to each other. As we know that, Micro =10-6 Nano = 10-9 Pico = 10-12 1 p= 1/1000n 1 p= 1/1000000u 1 p= 1/1000u 1 p= 1000n 1 p= 1000000p

P1.3) Your hair grow at the rate of 1mm per day find their growth rate in nms -1. As milli = 10-3 Nano = 10-9 1m = 10-6 n OR 1m = 1000000n By multiplying m on both sides 1mm = 106 nm OR 1mm = 1000000nm As we know that One day = 24 hours One hour = 60 minutes One minutes = 60s So One day = 24 x60 x6 = 86400 s
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So the growth rate in nms-1 is = 1000000nm/86400s = 11.57nms-1 Ans P1.4) Rewrite the followings in standard form: Solution: (a) 1168 x Solution: 11.68 x 1.168 x x 3-27 1.168 x 10 1.168 x ANS (b) 32 x Solution: 3.2 x x 1+5 3.2 x 10 3.2 x (c) 725 x 7.25 x x g 7.25 x x x 10 -5+3 7.25 x 10 2-2g 7.25 x 7.25g ANS (d) 0.02 x Solution: 0.02 x 10-2 x 10-8 2 x 10-2-8 (as we know that powers are added up) 2 x 10-10 ANS P1.5) Write the following quantities in scientific notation: Solution: (a) 6400km 6.4x103km ANS (b) 380000km 3.8x105 ANS (c) 300000000ms-1 3.108ms-1 (d) Seconds in a day: 24x60x60s=86400s 8.64x104s ANS P1.6) Question on book: As the zero of Vernier scale is on right so zero error will be positive and if its 4 th division is conceding with the main scale then the zero error=0.01x4=0.04 Zero error= +0.04cm And zero correction= -0.04cm P1.7) A screw gauge has 50 divisions on its circular scale. The pitch of the screw gauge is 0.5mm. What is its least count? Solution: Least count= pitch of screw gauge/no. of divisions in circular
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0.5/50=0.01mm 0.01x10-3m 1x10-5m 1x10-5x100cm 1x10 -3cm 0.001cm ANS P1.8) Which of the following quantities have three significant figures? Solution: 3.006m 5.05x10-21kg 0.00309kg 301.0s P1.9) What are the significant figures in the following measurements? 1.009m (It carry all of them 4) 0.00450kg 0.00450 It has 3 significant figures 1.66x10-27kg 1.66x10-27kg It has 3 significant figures. 2001s It has 4 significant figures. P.10) A chocolate wrapper is 6.7cm long, 5.4cm wide. Calculate its area up to reasonable number of significant figures. Solution: Area= length x width =6.7cm x 5.4cm = 36.18cm2 Area in significant figure= 36cm2

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b)

(c)

(d)

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CHAPTER: 2

KINEMATICS
P2.1) A train moves with a uniform Velocity of 36 Solution: (Velocity) V= 36 = 36x1000/60x60= 36000/3600= 10 (Time) t= 10 (Distance) S= ? Formula: S= Vavx t for 10S. Find the distance travelled by it.

= (10) x (10) S= 100 m ANS P2.2) A train starts from nest. It moves through 1km in 100S with uniform acceleration. What will be its speed at the end of 100S? Solution: (Distance) S= 1km =1000 m (Time) t= 100 S (Velocity)Vi= 0 m/s Vf=? By using formula: S= vit+ 1000= 0(t)+ a 1000= a (10000) 2x1000/10000=a A= 0.2 ANS Now by using first equation of motion: Vf= v ;+at Vf= 0=(0.2)(100) Vf= 20 ANS P2.3) A car has a Velocity of 10m/s. At accelerate at 0.2 m for half minute. Find the distance travelled during this time and the final Velocity of the car. Solution: (Initial Velocity) Vi= 10m/s (Acceleration) a= 0.2m/ (time) t= minutes= 30s (final velocity) Vf= ? S=? st By using 1 equation of motion: Vf= Vi+at Vf= (10)+(0.2)(30) Vf= 10+6 Vf= 16m By using 3rd equation of motion to find s: 2aS= V -V 2aS= V -V 2(0.2)= ( ) -( ) 0.4s= 256-100 S= 156/.4 S= 390m ANS

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P2.4) A tennis ball is hit vertically upward with a Velocity of 30m/s. it takes 3s to reach the highest point. Calculate the maximum highest reached by the ball. How long it will take to return to the ground? Solution: (Initial Velocity) Vi= 30m/s (Time) t1= 3s (Height) S=? Time required returning to the ground t2=? g = -10m/ The value of g will be negative because the ball will be decelerating. Now by using the 2nd equation of the motion: S= vit+ (10)( ) = 90+(-5)(9) = 90-45 Height S= 45m ANS P 2.6) A train starts from the nest with an acceleration of 0.5m . Find its speed in when it has moved through 100m. Solution: Initial Velocity Vi= 0 Acceleration a= 0.5 Distance s= 100m Final Velocity Vf=? To find the final Velocity we have to find the time. By using 2 nd equation of motion: S= vit+1/2 By putting the values: 100= (0)t+1/2(0.5)( ) 100= (0.5) 100= 0.25 = =400 = 400 Taking square root on both sides: = T= 20s Now for Vf, we have formula: Vf= Vi+at Vf= 0=(0.5)(20) Vf= 10m Now to convert 10m/s into km/h, we will multiply it with 3600 nad divide it by 1000. So, Vf= 36 Vf= 10 x ANS

(i) (ii)

P2.8) A cricket ball is hit vertically upward and returns to the ground 6s later. Calculate: Maximum height reached by the ball Initial Velocity of the ball Solution: Acceleration g = -10m/ Time t= 6s Time for upward= t1= 6/2= 3s Height= s =?
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Initial Velocity= Vi? Final Velocity= Vf= 0 By using 1st equation of motion: Vf= vi+gt O= vi+(-10)(3) O= vi-30 30=vi Vi=30m By using 3rd equation of motion: 2aS= 2x(-10) x s= 0 (30) -20s= -900 20s= 900 S= 900/20 S= 45m ANS P2.9) When brakes are applied the speed of train decreases from the 96km/h to 48km/h. In 800m how much distance will it cover before coming to rest? (Assume the retardation is constant) Solution: The situation can be divided into two parts. The parts 1 data is as follows: Initial Velocity Vi= 96 km/h = 96x1000/3600= 26.66m/s Final Velocity Vf= 48km/h = 48x1000/3600= 13.33m/s Distance s= 800m Acceleration a=? By using 3rd equation of motion: 2aS= V - V ) -( ) 2a(800)= ( 1600s= -533.35 a= -533.35/1600 a= -0.33m/ vi= 48km/h= 13.33m/s vf= 0 m/s s=? Again by using 3rd equation of motion: 2aS= v v ) 2(-0.3)s= ( ) - ( -0.6s= -177.688 S= -177.688/-0.6 S= 266.53m P2.10) In problem 2.9 find the time taken by the train to stop after the application of brakes. Solution: Initial Velocity Vi= 96km/h= 26.667m/s Final Velocity Vf= 0m/s Acceleration a= -0.33m/ Time t=? Formula Vf= vi+at O= 26.677+(-0.33)t
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-26.66= -033t T= -26.667/-0.33 T= 80.80 Vf-vi=at 0-26.677/-0.3344=t T=80s ANS P2.11) A car moves with uniform Velocity of 5s it comes to rest in the next 10s/ Find deceleration and total distance covered by the car? Solution: Initial Velocity Vi= 40m Time t = 10s Final Velocity Vf= 0 Retardation a=? Total distance S=? As we know thwt: a= Vf-Vi/t a= 0-40/40 a= -4 m ANS Distance travelled in 1st five seconds. = vxt = 40x5 S1= 200m Average Velocity for next 10 seconds. Vav= 40+0/2= 20m S2= Vav*t = 20x10 = 200m Total distance S= S1 + S2 = 200+200 = 400m ANS

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Ideal Science Academy (156-D Gulfishan colony)

Chapter No 3

Dynamics
P 3.1) A force of 20 N moves a body with an acceleration of 20ms-2 what is its mass? Solution: Force F= 20 N Formula F= ma M=F/a 20/2 = 10 kg Ans Acceleration a= 20ms-2 Mass m=?

P 3.2) Weight is 147 N what is its mass? Solution: Weight w=147 N Acceleration g = 10ms-2 Mass m=? Formula W = mg 147/10 = 14.7 kg Ans m=W/g

P3.3) How much force is needed to prevent a body of mass 10kg from falling? Solution: Mass m=10kg Force F=a The force needed to prevent the body from falling is equal to the weight of the body F=W W=mg F=mg F= 10 x 10= 100 N Ans

P3.4) Find the acceleration produce by a force of 100 N in a mass of 50 kg? Solution: Acceleration a =? Force F = 100 N Mass m = 50kg Formula: F= ma a= F/m a=100/50 = 2ms-2

P3.5) A body has weight 20N how much force is required to move it vertically upward with an acceleration of 20ms-2? Solution: Weight W = 20N Acceleration a = 20ms-2
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Force F=? To find out force we have to first calculate the Mass of the body To find out the mass to use W= mg m = w/g m= 20/10 So he net force will take the body upward will be Net force F = W F= ma W = mg The g will be negative because body is moving upward so W = -mg Net force F = F-W ma m(-g ) ma + mg m(a +g) 2 (2+10) Force F= 24N Ans P3.6) Two masses 52kg and 48kg are attached to the end of the string that passes over a frictionless pulley. Find the tension in the string and acceleration in the body? When the masses are moving vertically. m = 2kg

Solution: m1 = 52kg m2 = 58kg T =? a =? First we find tension in the string Formula: T = 2m1m2 g / m1+m2 T = 2(52) (48) (10)/ 52+48 T = 499.2N T = 500N approximately Ans Now we will find the acceleration Formula: a = (m1-m2) g / m1+m2 a = (52-48) (10)/ 52+48 a= 4x10/100 a= 40/100 a= 0.4ms-2 Ans

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P3.7) Two masses 26kg and 24kg are attached to the end of a string which passes over a frictionless pulley. 26kg is lying over a smooth horigalal table .24kg mass is moving vertically downward. Find the tension in string and acceleration in bodies. Solution: m1 = 24kg Formula: T = m1 m2g / m1 +m2 T = (24) (26) (10)/24+26 T = 124.8N T = 125N Formula: a = m1g / m1+m2 = 24x10 / 24+ 26 a = 408ms-2 Ans m2 = 26kg T =? a =?

P3.8) How much time is required to change 22 Ns momentum by a force of 20 N? Solution: (Initial momentum) Pi = 22Ns Pf = 0Ns Formula: Pf Pi/ t = F F = Pf- Pi /t = 0-22/ 20 t = -1.1s As time cannot be negative to t = 1.1s ANS F = 20N t =?

P3.9) How much is the force of friction between a wooden block of mass 5 kg and the horizontal marble floor? The coefficient of friction between the wood and marble is 0.6 Solution: Fr =? F = mg 5 x 10 = 50 N Fr =UF Fr = 0.6 x 50 = 30 N ANS m= 5 kg u= 0.6 Formula Fr = UF

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