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INTRODUCTION: Throughout history the division of labor between men and women has been polarized, with often undertaking work that is unpaid or bodily paid and undervalued by men and by society at large. To assume there are no gender issues in any work environment in both native and false, given to evolution of social systems and division of labor .Acker (1989) made this point pungently clear when he started that all social relations are ended general and impact on every aspect of social phenomena. GENDER SENSITIVE ISSUES: DEFINITION GENDER The phenomenological process of gendering describes the ways in which human engage with each other, and the social structures and organizations through which they live. FEMINIST THEORY: Feminists have attempted to explain the phenomenon of gendering through cultural and society evolution as separate and distinctive paradigms of male and female identity. Davis (1998) act, there are three feminist theory: Nancy chodrow Carol Gilligan Rosalyn Bologh

NANCY CHODOROW: A sociologist, who provides an explanation from the position of feminist psychoanalysis. From the individualistic, chodorow suggests that gender identification is the notion of self within the familial family life and the nurturing . Division of labor is indicative of parenting process predominantly undertaking women. Throughout this , she provide a framework for others to develop and is useful in attempting to understand the nature of feminist and the position of women in society as a whole. CAROLIN GILLIGAN : Moral reasoning among men and women.

Assumptions that female children were less equipped to have rational deductive abstract thoughts than boys were. It is based on two perspectives are given below : - The perspective of maturation as a process of developing the integrity of the autonomous self. - The connectedness and the inter- subjectivity which is based on a total different world view. Boys and girls, according to Gillian , formulate opinions that are different and of equal value and as such, their views should not be judged in a hierarchical frame work. ROSALYN BOLOGH : Bologh goes on to raise the debates by claiming that children express two desires : The desire for love, protection and consolation. The desire for power, action and ability to make a difference in the world. The first deserve is femine while the desire for action is masculine, based on the notion of controlling one`s life indepenant of others. The choice of masculine action embraces the public world but is empty of expectation, and a caring, nurturing environment. GENDER AND THE LOGIC OF ORGANIZATION: The logic of organizational structures defines simple analysis, and there has been critical thought on the subjects, with the belief that gender is fundamentally a principle through which organizational logic is manifest. Provides a medium of abstract thinking, which is gender natural . The overriding assumption is that the higher the hierarchy the greater the skill mastery and responsibility help. Organizations are structured in this fashion and great energy is expended with regard to recruitment training and promotional activities . GENDER SENSITIZATION: Training of executive, the legislative and judicial wings of the state with a special focus on policy and programme frames, implementation and development of agencies. Promoting social awareness to gender issues and women`s human rights. Review of curriculum and educational materials to include gender education and human right issues. Removal of all references derogatory to the dignity of women from all public documents and legal instruments.

GENDER AND NURSING: Nursing is predominantly female profession, operating within the masculine organizational structures, values and male dominance of the medical profession. Nursing profession merely an adjunct to medicine. Nursing, by definition and practice, is the feminine role that allow medicine to represent the forms of masculinity and male rational thoughts, which supports its power base of authority. Daviess contends that nursing pursuance of a professional identity should reconsider its position and challenge the gendered basis of the concept. Nursing has become more specialized, and has developed a level of competence at mastery level that is different from that of the male medical college. Through the legal frame works, nurses can employ a doctor, they can prescribe medicines .This can only be achieved nurse rise to the challenge , deconstruct the gender stereotype and provide frame work gender equality . GENDER ISSUES IN NURSING: Separation and segregation of men and women has become a strong feature within the work place that it has served to maintain some instances, increase the masculine dominance. Organizations are constructed around male values, needs language and role representations. Women, by contrast occupy a supporting role or as in the traditional doctor nurse relationships. Changing the imbalance of power of workplace has been a source of the several governments.

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT: DEFINITION: The processes through which women who are currently most discriminated against gender equality. Women empowerment involves challenging the forms of oppression which compel million of people to play a part in their society on terms which are inequitable or in ways which deny their human rights - Oxam 1995 It is imperative to understand the reason for addressing the issues of definition.

OBJECTIVES: To promote the quantifiable approach to empowerment and its abstract. To measure change in empowerment programmes in scientific and empirical way. IMPORTANCE OF WOMEN EMPOWERMEN: Development of programme. To enhance empowerment perception. Understand the empowerment it identity and enhance the practice. Defined the strategies. To develop and maintain the professional relationship. To adapt change, taking on a proactive rather than reactive role.

PRINCIPLES OF WOMENEMPOWERMENT: Women have the right to autonomy and reproductive choice. Women have the right and social responsibility to decide whether , how and when to have the children how many to have ,no one can be compelled to bear a child or prevented from doing so against her will The fundamental sexual and reproductive right of women cannot be subordinated against a women`s will to interest of partner, family members. Women must be respected to make their own reproductive decision. ATTRIBUTES OF EMPOWERMENT: Empowerment involves participation: the involvement service users / careers in responsibility and or decision making, which has intended impact on services and or policies which affect the individual participant. Empowerment requires interdependence between the individual and the continuity in which they live. Empowerment has cognitive, affective and behavioural components. Cognitive: Recognition and realization treated for wider society in stigmatizing and discriminatory. Increased awareness and questioning the lack of access to certain buildings for people with physical disabilities. Affective: Development of increased self-esteem, self-confidence and anger at discrimination .Experience a feeling about effort to challenge stigmatization, discrimination and socialization. Behavioural : Experience empowerment through their participation in efforts to change stigmatization, discrimination and social exclusive .

WOMEN HUMAN RIGHTS: The convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women (CEDAW). Adopted by outgeneral assembly 1979 declaration of human rights include women. These right includes: I. II. III. IV. V. VI. Right to live, security of person and freedom violence, treatment and movement. Right to own property. Freedom of thought. Right to work, right to rest and leisure. Right to a standard of living adequate for health and right to education including special care of mothers. Equal right in marriage, right in make discussion in their family regarding property, marriage and children.

REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS OF WOMEN: I. II. III. IV. A women decision to have a baby is one of the most critical decisions she will make in her life. Moral right includes liberty right and welfare right .Liberty right also includes freedom of speech, autonomy privacy and others. If there is a right to reproduction is it a liberty rights a welfare right or both. Reproductive rights are about human rights, quality health care choice, liberation from enforced sexual pleasure and abuse, population group and disabilities.

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT: The processes through which women who are currently most discriminated against achieve gender quality. Women empowerment frame work: Rowlands power relation framework: Power from within, individual changes in confidence and conscious. Power to: increase in skills, abilities, including earnings an income. Power over: changes in power relation within household, communities and at macro level.

Power with: organization of the powerless to enhance individual abilities and or ability to challenge and change power relations.

ACTIVITIES: The women self help groups hold regular meetings save and repay regularly and use trained book keepers for proper book. All self help group members at the principle of saying not to child marriages, child labour, domestic violence. DIMENSION OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT: The dimension of women epowerment include , given below; Individual or psychological Service initiated Changes in service Social inclusion and social changes

Individual or psychological dimension: - Clients belief and ability to have power , influence and control. - Its components include , awareness of opprression, consciosness- raising,pride in identity , increase in selfesteem and internal locus of control, and also increased selfefficiency. Service initiated: - Professional`s, managers willingness to empower service uses, carers in individual care, service delivery, health policies and wider society. - It components are professional service user, carer communication and relationship , professionals attitude , professional cultures , organisational cultures and structures and consolation. Changees in service: - Client`s actual achievement of change , power or control over individual care, wider service provision or policy. - Its components are choice, availability and accessibility of service , autonomy , participation in decision making, rights , power and influence. Social inclusion and social changes: - Achievement of social inclusion , involving social and political changes,equality of opportunity and freedom discrimination.

It includes full citizenship and rights, equality, quality of life, freedom from discrimination, other negative attitudes, political power.

WOMEN IN EMPLOYMENT: Women were disadvantaged in terms of gaining permanent access to paid employement though the marriage bar.Which meant that women were required to leave any employement after taking their marriage vows. The operation of a marriage bar reflected the notion that a women`s primary role centred on child rearing and domestic management. Attitudes towards a married women working were often hotile, because work outside home was believed to be harmful to her natural primary role as wife and mother. The fact that constant pregnancies and heavy demestic work in ill equipped homes had dire consequences for the health and well being of women was never really considered. ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN: Poverty eradication: Step taken for mobilization of poor women and convergence of services, by offering a range of economiic and social opinions, along with support measures to enhance their capabilities. Women and industry: The important role played by women in electronics, information , technological and food processing industry and textiles has been crucial to development of there sectors. Support services: The provision of support sevices for women , like child facilities including educational institution , home for the aged and the disabled will be expanded and improved to create an enabling environment.

SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN: Education : Equal acess to education for women will be ensured.Special measures taken for eradication of illeteraccy, create gender- sensitive education. Health: A holistic approach to women`s health which includes both nutrition and health services will be adopted and special attention will be given to needs of women and the girls at all stages of the life cycle. Nutrition: Mainly focusing attention on meeting nutritional needs of women at all stages of the life cycle.

Drinking water and sanitation: Special attention will be given to the need of women in the provision of safe drinking water , sewage , disposal , toilet facilities and sanitation with in accessible reach of house hold. Housing and shilter: Women`s perspectively will be include in houskng policies , planning of housing colonies and provision of shelter both in rural and urban areas . Science and Technology : Programmes will be strengthed to bring about a greater involvement of women in science and technology . It include measures to motivate girls to take up science and technology for higher education.

NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN(2001): Programms have aimed at woman`s advancement in a different spheres. The empowerment of women has benn recognized as the central issue in determining the status of women . Goal : The goal of this policy is to bring about the advancement,development and empowerment of women. Objectives : Creating an environment through positive economy and social process for full development of women to enable them to realize their full potential . Equal acess to participation and decision making of women in social , political and economic life of nation. Equal acess to women to health care , quality education . Strengthening legal systems aimed at eliminations of all forms of descrimination against women. Elimination of discrimination of all forms of violence against women and the girl child . Main streaming and gender perspective in the development process. Economic empowerment of women involve; - Poverty eradication - Women and industry - Supportive services Social empowerment of women involve ; - Education - Health - Drinking water and sanitation - Housing and shelter - Science and technology

BEENEFITS AND DRAWBACKS OF EMPOWERMENT : BENEFITS:

It may result in increase in psychological empowerment . It has the potential to value the individual services or uses. Reported benefits from involvement in decision makinb and responsibility. Mutual giving and receiving support in some participatory mechanisms. Service user/care participation has contributed to improvements in services . The skill of service users and carers benefit both other people in similar circumstances. It emphasize the right service users and carers. Empowerment and participation can lead to action and successfully bring about changes.

DRAWBACKS: It may lead to decrease in psychological empowerment . Feel devated if their view are not taken seriously. If ther is a class of perspective professional and managers may be likely to dictate the extent and nation of empowerment and participation . Empowerment and participattion cannot occur unless there are changes in the the distribution of power . The giving of support may be left to a few particioants. Carers want a professional relationship and communication in which they play a passive role. Lack the requisite skills or organization may fail to recognize the skills they have. Some people may not desire these these goal , other goal may be more to them.

CONCLUSION: Women empowerment and gender sensitive issue are related each other. Both are mainly focussing on the improving the status of women life . through out it give a different aspectt of living in the community with an effective participation . JOURNAL REFERENCES: women empowerment and violence against women The conceptual distinction between sex and gender developed by Anne Oakley is a auseful analytical tool. According to this distinction sex is connected with biology, whereas expressed without reason or justice and which are generally unfavourable and may lead to physical and psychological harm of women and men.

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By gender sensitization we are able to recognize the influence and impact of gender role , gender bias and gender-based inequality on people`s daily life experiences, sexual and reproductive health. In all cases women should have acess to quality services the management of complication arising from abortion. Women inequality in power sharing and active partcipation in decision making in political process.

BIBILOGRAPHY:

1) Jane Botts , Karan Rich ,Nursing Ethics Across The Curriculum And Into Practices , Jonnes and Bastlett publishers,(2005),page no: 73,76. 2) John R. Wtcliffe ,Haugh P. Mckenna ,The Essential Concept Of Nursing, first edition ,philadelhia;Elsevier publication ,(2006),page no: 109-124. 3) Lynn Basford. Oliver Selvin,Theory And Pracyice Of Nursing second edition,comeon press Ltd , pageno: 392- 406. 4) Sheila Grassman , Theres-M-Valya, The New Leadership Challenge Creating The Future Of Nurses,first edition , F.A Davis Company (2000),page umber:116-128. 5) Willam K.Codey ,philosophical And Theoretical Perspective For Advanced Nursing Practice ,fourth edition Jones and Bartlett publication , Page no:86. JOURNAL REFERENCES: Arambam Thadoi Chanu, women empowerment and violence against women, Nightingale Nursing Times 2010 April , volium6 no. 1 : 42-44. NET REFERENCES : www.oppapers.com/gender-sensitiveissue women empowerment.

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