Adverb Phrases

Introduction
An adverb may be a single word, such as quickly, here or yesterday. However, adverbs can also be phrases, some made with prepositions, others made with infinitives. This page will explain the basic types of adverb phrases (sometimes called "adverbial phrases") and how to recognize them.

Basic types of adverbs

In the section on adverbs, you learned about three basic types of adverb: manner, place and time adverbs. There are at least two more that are important. Frequency adverbs answer the question "How often?" about an action. Purpose adverbs answer the question "Why?". Here are some examples:

Type
Frequency Purpose

Adver b
usually for fun

Example
Mika usually gets up early. I write computer programs for fun.

While the first example, usually, is a single word, the second example (for fun) is a phrase consisting of a preposition and a noun -- in other words, it is a prepositional phrase which functions as an adverb phrase.

Adverb phrases made with prepositions

All kinds of adverb phrases can be made with prepositions. Here are some examples:

Type
Manner

Adverb phrase
with a hammer

Example
The carpenter hit the nail with a hammer.

Place Time Frequency Purpose

next door before the holidays every month for his mother

The woman who lives next door is a doctor. We must finish our project before the holidays. Jodie buys two CDs every month. Jack bought the flowers for his mother.

Adverb phrases made with infinitives

Another kind of adjective phrase can be made with the infinitive form of a verb. Most of these phrases express purpose, as in these examples:

Type
Purpose Purpose Purpose

Adverb phrase
to buy a car to support the team to show to her mother

Example
I'm saving my money to buy a car. The students all showed up to support the team. Sally brought a painting home from school to show to her mother.

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Adverb Clauses

Introduction
An adverb may be a single word such as quickly, here or yesterday (see the page Adverbs), or a phrase such as the day before yesterday or to see my mother (see the page Adverb Phrases). However, adverbs can also be clauses, containing a subject and a full verb. This page will explain the basic types of adverb clauses (sometimes called "adverbial clauses") and how to recognize them.

Adverbs, adverb phrases, and adverb clauses

Look at these sentences:

I saw the movie yesterday. I saw the movie on Friday. I saw the movie before I left for Calgary.
In the first sentence, "yesterday" is a one-word adverb, "on Friday" is an adverb phrase, and "before I left for Calgary" is a adverb clause. All of them answer the question "When?", but the adverb clause has a subject ("I") and a full verb ("left"). It is introduced by "before", so it is a dependent clause. This means that it cannot stand alone: "Before I left for Calgary" would not be a full sentence. It needs a main clause ("I saw the movie"). An adverb clause, then, is a dependent clause that does the same job as an adverb or an adverb phrase.

Types of adverb clause

There are many types of adverb clauses. Here are some examples of the most common types:

Type
Place

Question answered
Where?

Example
Wherever there are computers,

there is Microsoft software. Time Cause Purpose When? Why? (What caused this?) Why? (What was the reason for doing this?) Why is this unexpected? After the fruit is harvested, it is sold at the market. I didn't call her because I'm shy. She took a computer course so that she could get a better job. Although Jay has a Master's degree, he works as a store clerk. If you save your money, you will be able to go to college.

Concession

Condition

Under what conditions?

As you can see from the examples above, most adverb clauses can be recognized because they are introduced by a particular word or phrase (such as "when", "so that", etc.). These words and phrases are called subordinating conjunctions, and there are many of them, including the2e:

Subordination conjunctions
after, before, until, while, because, since, as, so that, in order that, if, unless, whether, though, although, even though, where
When you are sure you understand clearly, you can click on "First exercise" to continue.
UVic English Language Centre, 1999 ..

Adverb Clauses - Cause and Effect Relationships

Click the answer button to see the correct answer. 1. Because he was tired, he scored poorly on the exam, ___ into the university. a. this will cause him to not be admitted b. this is a fact which will cause him to not be admitted c. a fact which will cause him to not be admitted d. a fact which will cause him to not admit 2. ___ the TOEFL with a score of 550, he will be admitted into the university. a. Now that he passes b. That he has passed c. Now, he has passed d. Now that he has passed 3. Since July 4th is a holiday, ___ have to go to work. a. so we do not b. we do not c. as a result, we do not d. thus, we do not 4. Yousef went back to Saudi Arabia ___ to take care of some business in his company. a. and he needed b. because he needed c. which he needed d. because he need 5. ___, he will return back to the United States to study English. a. Had Yousef taken care of his business in Saudi Arabia b. Now that Yousef has taken care his business in Saudi Arabia c. Now that Yousef has taken care of his business in Saudi Arabia d. Yousef has taken care of his business in Saudi Arabia but 6. ___ have to work today, we should go to Laguna Beach. a. For we do not b. We do not c. Since we do not d. Since we do no 7. Fabiana will not go to work today ___ a bit ill. a. , she is b. because she c. because she is

d. which is she is 8. ___, the temperature should begin dropping. a. Now that the sun setting b. Now that the sun set c. The sun setting d. Now that the sun has set 9. ___ is important since most professional jobs require writing skills. a. Learn how to write b. Learning how write c. Learning how to write d. Learning how to write it is 10. ___, the research paper is beneficial to students since it requires them to critically think, read, and write about a specific body of knowledge in which they have an interest. a. A requirement at most universities b. It is a requirement at most universities c. A requirement at most universities it is d. Requirement at most universities 11. ___ over, I am ready to enter the job market, so I will begin to send out my rsum to prospective employers. a. Now that my universities studies have been b. Now, that my universities studies are c. Now that my universities studies are d. My universities studies are 12. Waldo, ___, has learned a great deal of English since he came to the U.S. a. he is a practicing lawyer from Chile b. who a practicing lawyer is from Chile c. a practicing lawyer from Chile d. a practicing lawyer from Chile who 13. Because of the extreme fatigue ___ a marathon, most runners must train for several months before they are sufficiently conditioned. a. which involved in running b. involving in running c. involved in running

d. involved in run 14. ___ fifty-five miles per week for ten consecutive weeks, you are ready to run a marathon. a. You have trained at a rate of b. Now that you have trained at a rate of c. Now that you have trained at a rate of so d. Now that you train at a rate 15. He hasn't lifted any weights ___ his right arm. a. since he injures b. since he injured c. since he injure d. , he injured 16. ___ any trout yet, she is going to change the bait she is using. a. Because Ivy has not catched b. Ivy has not caught c. Because Ivy has not caught d. Because Ivy had not caught 17. Alfredo, ___ high academic aspirations, cannot pay his tuition now that his father is unemployed. a. has b. who he has c. who has d. have had 18. ___ Asian economic crisis, it has been very hard for Ai and her family to pay their bills. a. The b. Because the c. Since the d. Since 19. Halle Berry faces legal problems because she was ___ information with the injured driver. a. involved in a car accident and left the scene without exchange b. involved in a car accident and leaves the scene without exchanging c. involved in a car accident and left the scene without exchanging d. involve in a car accident and left the scene without exchanging

20. Now that India is approaching one billion people, it will soon surpass China as the world's most populated country, ___. a. a fact which has alarmed geographers and environmentalists like b. this is a fact which has alarmed geographers and environmentalists alike c. which a fact which has alarmed geographers and environmentalists alike d. a fact which has alarmed geographers and environmentalists alike

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C) 2000 by Michael Buckhoff This quiz is part of the HTML-Only Self-Study Quizzes which is part of Activities for ESL Students, a project .

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Adverb Clause, Phrase Definition Lesson Plan Activity

There are many types of adverbs, adverb phrases and clauses. This page will introduce some of the basic types and their functions. 1. What is an adverb?

Straight to exercise
2. What is an adverb phrase?

Straight to exercise
3. What is an adverb clause?

Straight to exercise

1. What is an adverb? Basically, most adverbs tell you how, where, or when something is done. In other words, they describe the manner, place, or time of an action.

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