Improve Product Quality with PAC Portable Fuel Analyzers

FEBRUARY 2013 | NEWS HEADLINES

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PACs Lisa Houston Contributes Significantly to the Chemical Industry Fast Alternate Distillation Method Now I ncluded in ASTM D975-12 Flow Modulated GC*GC International Standards Updates Upcoming Events Training Sessions and Workshops

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Join PAC at PITTCON

PAC Insider is the periodic newsletter of PAC, LP For more information, or additional copies of this newsletter, visit www.paclp.com or email marketing@paclp.com. 2013 PAC, LP

Celebrating a Decade of Exceptional Noack Testing Performance 3 Researchers at UCF Automate Biodiesel Production With CVI's In-line Viscometer Analyze Nitrogen in Fuel Oil by Chemiluminescence with the MultiTek 3 4

Alcor IHT's Now Comply With ASTM D3241 7

Improve Product Quality with PAC Portable Fuel Analyzers

Quick and accurate verification of fuel quality and specification compliance is vital to controlling the quality of end products produced. By producing on spec and compliant end products the first time, refineries and terminals are able to improve productivity and profitability. PAC offers two portable fuel analyzers to help refineries and terminals with end product quality control: PetroSpec GS PPA and PetroSpec TD PPA. PAC is offering two special discounts on these analyzers till June 30, 2013.
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Celebrating a Decade of Exceptional Noack Testing Performance

PAC is proud to celebrate the 10th anniversary of its ISL NCK2 5G Noack Analyzer! The volatility of lubricating oils is a critical property to determine, particularly when servicing applications under high temperature conditions. The Noack Test is widely known as the referee method to accurately characterize the evaporation loss behavior of lubricants. For the past decade, the ISL NCK2 5G is the state-of-art and proven lab solution for precise and safe volatility testing by Noack method, in full compliance with the ASTM D5800B and CEC-L-40-93 standards.
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Improve Product Quality with PAC Portable Fuel Analyzers

Quick and accurate verification of fuel quality and specification compliance is vital to controlling the quality of end products produced. By producing on spec and compliant end products the first time, refineries and terminals are able to improve productivity and profitability. PAC offers two portable fuel analyzers to help refineries and terminals with end product quality control: PetroSpec GS PPA and PetroSpec TD PPA. The GS PPA provides the most complete analysis of the widest gasoline blends worldwide. Each unit is factory calibrated with a diverse matrix of over 700 fuels, developed globally with major fuel producers, delivering dependable equivalent every time. The TD PPA provides the most complete global analysis of diesel and jet fuel blends. Each unit is factory calibrated with a diverse matrix of over 600 fuels obtained from several major fuel manufacturing companies. Since both of these instruments are lightweight and do not require sample preparation or technical training, they are an ideal solution for use in the lab or in the field at any pipeline terminal or refinery. Their proven performance enables fast authentication of fuel quality and compliance so end users can: Monitor product quality Optimize fuel & additive blending Ensure regulatory compliance Verify chain of custody Minimize transmix and contamination problems Quick, accurate measurement of ethanol, FAME, RON/ MON and many other fuel characteristics

Special Promotion PAC is offering two special discounts on GS PPA and TD PPA analyzers: 20% discount on new GS PPA/TD PPA analyzers 35% Discount on new GS PPA/TD PPA analyzers with trade-in This special offer is available till June 30, 2013 and is only for end users placing orders directly with PAC. Click here to see the full details. Please fill in an online form, contact your local sales representative, or email pacsales@paclp.com for more information.

Join PAC at PITTCON

PAC will present posters and exhibit at the upcoming Pittcon Conference on March 17 - 21, 2013 in Philadelphia, PA USA. Stop by PACs booth, #2925, to learn more about our latest technologies and industry solutions, such as the ISL VIDA Density Meter and CVI VISCOlab 3000. In addition, we will be giving away an iPAD mini and ITunes gift cards. PAC experts will also be presenting the following topics at the conference: Trace Nitrogen Applications in Catalytic Naphtha and Feed Stocks by Combustion and Chemiluminescence Analysis by Aaron Mendez and Lisa Houston - Session 540 - Fuels, Energy, and Petrochemical Analyses on Monday morning, March 18th, in Room 204ABC Halides and Sulfur in Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) by Oxidative Pyrohydrolytic Combustion Followed by Ion Chromatography Conductivity Detection by Will Donaldson - Session 540 - Fuels, Energy, and Petrochemical Analyses on Monday morning, March 18th, in Room 204ABC Click here to learn more or register for this conference.

W W W. PA C L P. C O M | F E B R UARY 2013

Celebrating a Decade of Exceptional Noack Testing Performance

PAC is proud to celebrate the 10th anniversary of its ISL NCK2 5G Noack Analyzer! The volatility (or loss evaporation) of lubricating oils is a critical property to determine, particularly when servicing applications under high temperature conditions, such as lubrication for motor engine or industrial machinery. Portions of oil can evaporate under high temperature conditions, potentially altering oil properties such as viscosity, as it becomes thicker and heavier. The Noack Test which consists on heating and maintaining the oil specimen to high temperature during 60mn, then measuring the loss in mass is widely known as the referee method to accurately characterize the evaporation loss behavior of lubricants. Low Noack scores indicate oils that will retain its original protective and performance qualities even when facing severe operating temperature, thus contributing to better engine protection, improved fuel economy, and lower emissions. For the past decade, the ISL NCK2 5G is the state-of-art and proven lab solution for precise and safe volatility testing by Noack method, in full compliance with the ASTM D5800B and CEC-L-40-93 standards. Get a deeper insight onto the NCK2 5G by attending one of the upcoming webinar sessions and learn how it can help you maintain compliance to the latest quality regulations while delivering accurate measurement. This 30-minute live webinar will cover: Overview of Industry Trends Product Overview & Key Features Application & Case Studies Overall benefits of the analyzer Click here to see the full schedule.

Researchers at UCF Automate Biodiesel Production With Cambridge Viscositys In-line Viscometer
Automating the process of producing biodiesel was a challenge for researchers at the University of Central Floridas School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Engineers at Cambridge Viscosity (CVI) implemented an in-line viscometer to help the researchers reach their goal of an efficient way to produce biodiesel. To produce biodiesel, oil is mixed with alcohol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The reaction, known as transeterfication, produces glycerol as a waste by-product. The viscosity of the glycerol is a key parameter, as high viscosity content can lead to potential problems, such as clogged fuel filters or fuel pressure drops. The researchers used a CVI VISCOpro 1600 viscometer to monitor the viscosity of the glycerol byproduct. Using potassium hydroxide as the catalyst for the transeterfication process, the team removed the glycerol by-product that sank to the bottom of the mixing chamber and routed it through pipes leading to the viscometer. If the glycerols viscosity reading was more than 6 mPas, the glycerol was directed to a waste container. After washing the biodiesel, the wastewater was also directed to the viscometer, and if the viscosity was lower than 3 mPas, was discarded. University researcher Kevin Brachle said the viscometer was simple to operate and produced accurate results. The digital measurements we obtained from the VISCOpro were easy to integrate with our microcontroller and allowed us to determine if the biodiesel was on target. By monitoring the viscosity of the glycerol we were able to consistently produce quality biodiesel fuel, says Brachle. By using the Cambridge viscometer, Kevin was able to provide the research team with the data required to tune their process while minimizing human exposure to hazardous chemicals. To read the full report, please email pacsales@paclp.com.

Read the CVI White Papers

Click on the image or title below to read the full paper. Effective Viscosity Management In Asphalt And Lubrication Oil Refineries Accurate Viscosity Measurement Under Extreme Pressure And Temperature Conditions

Asphalt Viscosity Control

Analyze Nitrogen in Fuel Oil by Chemiluminescence with the Antek

INTRODUCTION The analysis of total nitrogen can be utilized in the refining industry to monitor the hydrotreating process and protect expensive catalysts. The principle of operation for nitrogen analysis begins with the complete, high temperature oxidation of the entire sample matrix. The sample is combusted with oxygen at a temperature of 1050C. The combustion gases are routed through a membrane drying system to remove all water and then to the sulfur detector module for quantitation. REPEATABILITY AND STABILITY The fuel oil sample was diluted with xylene as instructed in D5762. The data below shows the excellent precision, accuracy and stability that is achieved with the MultiTek. Fuel Oil Sample Table
Concentration (mg/kg) 617 617 619 625 624 615 619 604 609 Counts 15541006 15549342 15605936 15755779 15714722 15506222 15604985 15209154 15334174 15616433 15513315 % RSD 1.06

Nitric oxide is reacted with ozone (O3), produced by an onboard ozone generator, to form NO2* (metastable nitrogen dioxide). As the metastable species decays, photons are emitted at a specific wavelength range and detected by a photomultiplier tube (PMT).

EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS Instrumentation Antek MultiTek Horizontal Nitrogen with Model 735 Syringe Drive, Model 740 MultiMatrix, and Model 748 or 758 Autosampler. Instrument parameters
Sample Volume (l) GFC 1- Ar/He (ml/min) GFC 2- Pyro O2 (ml/min) GFC 3- Ozone O2 GFC 4- Carrier O2 (ml/min) Furnace (C) Nitrogen PMT voltage (V) Model 735 Speed 5 130 450 35 25 1050 700 1800

620 616

CALIBRATION The calibration was performed as per ASTM D5762 using nitrogen as acridine in xylene standards in the range of 0-100 ng/l.

CONCLUSION The MultiTek analyzer demonstrates the ability to accurately determine the total nitrogen in fuel oil. The analysis allows the user to monitor the production process of intermediate and final products and protect the expensive catalysts used in refining processes.

Read More Antek MultiTek Application Notes

Biodiesel is commonly blended with other petroleum products, but can be sold and used in pure form. ASTM methods D7467 & D6751 contain specifications on biodiesel blends ranging up to 20%. Two components closely monitored because of their harmful oxides and corrosive acids are sulfur and chloride. The Antek MultiTek analyzes these compounds in biodiesel fuels by oxidative pyrohydrolytic combustion followed by ion chromatography conductivity detection. Read the full application note. Find all of the MultiTek application notes online at http://paclp.com/Lab_Instruments/MultiTek.

W W W. PA C L P. C O M | F E B R UARY 2013

The Chemical Heritage Foundation, a nonprofit organization that preserves the history and heritage of chemistry, chemical engineering, and related sciences, recently conducted a project to capture career insights of women working in chemistry and related sciences. Lisa Houston, PAC Director of Applications Engineering, was featured in this project due to her significant contribution to the sciences. In this interview, Lisa spoke of her career journey and offered advice to new and upcoming women in the industry. Lisa stated that one of the keys to success is to Be flexible. You never know where lifes going to take you. That philosophy is exactly what led her into the chemistry field to begin with since she was originally a biology major. Lisa also advised that you should determine your strengths and build upon them to accelerate professional growth and that with enough drive, anything is possible. Lisa also suggested becoming actively involved in professional organizations, which she has done with great success throughout

PACs Lisa Houston Contributes Significantly to the Chemical Industry

her career. She is a dedicated member of the American Chemical Society (ACS) and has worked for its membership through governance positions in numerous groups. She was named an ACS Fellow in 2012. She is also actively involved in ASTM and received an Award of Appreciation at the December ASTM Meeting in Norfolk. To listen to the full interview, please click here.

Fast Alternate Distillation Method Now Included in ASTM D975-12

ASTM recently published its latest version of the ASTM D975-12 Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils, which included an alternate distillation method, ASTM D7345. This alternate method achieves significant response time improvements compared to the conventional ASTM D86 method. PACs ISL PMD 110 and ISL MicroDist instruments utilizes this alternative method. The ISL PMD 110 is a laboratory instrument that determines the complete distillation curve within 8 minutes using data from one phase transition, evaporation, thus eliminating the process of condensation. It is based on fundamental thermodynamic dependencies. Immediately after test completion, distillation characteristics are calculated from collected data with an ASTM D86 / ISO 3405 compliant detailed report. The ISL PMD 110 has several significant benefits, including, Analyzes a wide variety of samples analyzes any petroleum product, even without prior knowledge of its properties Simple to use - no heating power programming or group selection is necessary to start a test Minimal sample waste - only 10ml of sample is needed for the test Portability lightweight and requiring no sample prep makes it ideal for terminals and mobile labs Accurate and easy to understand results - compares the measured distillation curve with up to 80 user defined specifications and just give an in spec / off spec answer ISL also utilizes this fast alternative distillation method in its process instrument, the MicroDist. It is used for process optimization, as well as product certification and control of

blending processes for various refining streams, including motor gasoline, fuel oils, naphtha and diesel. Customers are able to have greater control over their process since full distillation analysis can be provided every 7 minutes. This enables continuous process optimization and production control throughout. The ISL MicroDist has several additional benefits, including: Certified explosion protected construction - Meets ATEX - Ex II 2 G Ex px IIC T4 and CUS Easy to use Automates calibration, validation, sample analysis, and data reporting which decreases operator intervention Low cost of ownership Little maintenance needed and low consumable usage By using the same technology at a variety of aspects in plants and refineries, including in labs and within the process, end users are able to increase profitability by maximizing production and prevent product giveaway.

Flow Modulated GC*GC

INTRODUCTION The development of 2D gas chromatography introduced the possibility to provide reliable compositional information on mid-boiling refinery streams like jet fuel. The first GCxGC systems developed mainly relied on cryogenic modulation, which is effective but has a high cost of ownership, requires additional lab space , and may prove challenging with highly volatile components break through the cryogenic trap. When properly set up, flow modulation provides a much more rugged kind of modulation requiring hardly any maintenance and performs excellent in the modulation of low boiling components. IMPROVED FLOW MODULATION Flow modulation was implemented by AC, which yields sharper, better defined peaks and thus better peak resolution as demonstrated in the figure below. The flow modulation was further optimized for the analysis of Jet Fuels by tuning column lengths, column phase, column coating, column flows and GC oven programming. For the Group Type Analysis (PNA) in Jet Fuel, reversed phase chromatography is prefered to maximize the separations between the different group types.
Table 1. Repeatability data on NIST 1616B Reference Jet fuel.

Accuracy of the system was validated by comparing various different Jet Fuels and reference standards with known aromatics content (established by EN12916:2006 analysis). Results are displayed in figure 1. Results using the AC GCxGC method compare well with EN12916:2006 with respect to EN12916:2006 reproducibility limits for all samples and standards.

RESULTS The analysis of Jet Fuel on the AC optimized flow modulated GCxGC yields total Paraffins, total Naphtenes and total Aromatics (PNA) results. Calibration is performed by external standard method, containing typical components present in Jet Fuels. The external standard results are normalized for optimum accuracy and precision. Because the mechanical complexity of the modulator has been significanty reduced, these results can be obtained with minimal training. ACCURACY AND PRECISION Precision (repeatability) of the application was determined by making repeated runs of NIST1616B standard (n=11). Repeatability for the 3 groups paraffins, naphtenes & aromatics was found to be around 0.1% RSD as shown in the Table 1.
Figure 1. GCxGC Aromatic Content versus EN12916 :2006 (confidence levels based on 2 times standard deviation EN12916:2006)

CONCLUSION Making use of the novel GCxGC technique provides insight into the group- composition of Jet Fuels without using complex hardware and large volumes of liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide. It is the combination of a rugged, low-maintenance flow-modulator and the well-established FID detector. This makes Jet Fuel grouptype information not only feasible, but also rugged enough to run continuously in any routine lab environment. You may find out more information about this solution on the PAC website.

W W W. PA C L P. C O M | F E B RUARY 2013

Alcor IHT's Now Comply With ASTM D3241

ASTM recently published its latest version of the ASTM D3241-12, Standard Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels, which now states that heater tubes that electronically store data directly on them are in compliance with the standard. Building upon years of experience in the field, Alcor by PAC developed the Intelligent Heater Tube (IHT), which is the only heater tube that can electronically store all the important data, including the deposit rating and the differential pressure curve, from JFTOT instruments directly onto the heater tube. The same production technology used for the traditional Alcor heater tube is also utilized in the IHT. Traditionally, archiving data meant keeping heater tubes and data transcripts, which can create issues since quality audits require matching the data with the heater tubes used in the analysis. With the IHT, end users are now able to: Provide detailed traceability to JFTOT test results Increase analysis integrity by minimizing risk of data transcription errors Improve quality audit efficiency through easy data access In addition to the IHT, Alcor by PAC is the leading provider of jet fuel thermal oxidation analyzers. In fact, Alcor introduced the first JFTOT instrument to the market 40 years ago. The latest release is the JFTOT 230 Mark III, which has several unique benefits: Automated test setup which reduces preparation time High level of control for repeatable testsand accurate results Built-in safety system, e.g., automatically stops flow of test fuel if an O-ring leaks or Tube breaks To learn more about the IHT, how it works, and its numerous benefits, please click here to watch the on-demand webinar.

International Standards Updates

PAC actively participates in numerous committees and subcommittees within ASTM International, CEN, Energy Institute (EI), and other standards organizations. This is absolutely imperative to provide the latest technology that meets the standards put forth by these organizations. Below are some of the latest updates: AC Sulfur Simdis AC DHA Front End of Crude Oil

PAC Product

ASTM Work Item 24514 IP 601

AC Fame in Jet Fuel by GC Heart Cut CFPP (linear cooling) Alcor IHT Alcor JFTOT IV Antek MultiTek Cambridge Viscometer precision Herzog CID 510 Herzog PMD 110 Herzog PMD 110 ISL VIDA PetroSpec TD-PPA

Method approved as D7807 Method approved at EI and to be balloted in 2013 as ASTM method IP PM EL (draft method) Development precision statement prEN 16329 Method is in CEN Formal Vote ASTM D1655 Jet Fuel Specification Method revision approved ASTM D3241 Thermal Oxidation Balloting for inclusion ASTM ILS programs Included in several for halides, nitrogen, and sulfur ASTM D7483 Dynamic and Kinematic Method revision approved Viscosity ASTM D7668 Derived Cetane Number ILS ending in February 2013 ASTM D7345 Micro Distillation Method Balloting for use in D1655 Jet Fuel Specification ASTM D7345 Micro Distillation Method ILS for FAME concluded ASTM D5002 Density Method Density method balloting for revision no visual bubble observation needed ASTM Method Approved

Method

Update

WWW.PACLP.COM | FEBRUARY 2013

Upcoming Events
March 7
PAA Conference Gonzales, LA USA

March 12 -13

Oil Sands Automation Conference Ft. McMurray, Alberta Canada

March 10 - 13
Arablab Dubai, UAE

March 17 - 21

Pittcon Philadelphia, PA USA

Upcoming 2013 Training Sessions and Workshops

PAC training courses are an essential part of the services PAC offers. To assist operators in their day-to-day operation of PAC systems, we developed a complete offering of factory, customized, and on-site training. Check the following listings to find an upcoming training session that you can attend. To sign up for a class or see the full schedule, please click here. Additional training is also available upon request.

Lauda, Germany
Workshop Distributor Physical Properties February 18 - 22 Workshop Alcor Physical Properties February 25 - 27 Workshop Viscosity Physical Properties March 11 - 13 Workshop Distillation Physical Properties March 18 - 20 MultiTek Distributor Service Training March 18 - 22 Workshop Flash Point Physical Properties March 21 - 22 Workshop Cold Properties Physical Properties March 25 - 27 MultiTek Distributor Application Workshop March 25 - 27

Singapore
Reformulyzer M3 February 25 - 28 MultiTek March 12 - 15 SIMDIS February 11 13 RGA February 14 15

D86 Certification and Optidist Training March 12 - 13 JFTOT III Certification Training March 14 - 15 P6200 Training March 19 - 21

Rotterdam, Netherlands

Dubai
Distillation Physical Properties Workshop March 2 -6

Houston, TX USA
Optidist Training February 19 MultiTek Training February 19 - 21 ASTM D56, 92, 93 Certification Training March 5th ISL Flashpoint Operator Training March 6th Herzog Flashpoint Operator Training March 7th

PAC is a leading global provider of advanced analytical instruments for laboratories and online process applications in industries such as refinery, petrochemical, biofuels, environmental, food & beverage, and pharmaceutical. To provide its customers with cutting edge technology, PAC leverages significant R&D resources to support its core technologies, including chromatography, elemental analysis, physical properties, and fuels composition. PAC Insider is the periodic newsletter of PAC, LP | For more information, or additional copies of this newsletter, visit www.paclp.com or email us at marketing@paclp.com 2012 PAC, LP