CIRCULAR MEASURE 1. RADIAN 1.

1 Converting Measurements in Radians to Degrees and Vice Versa

S r where S is the length of the arc AB, r is the radius of the circle, and is the angle subtended at the centre O by the arc AB.

Definition: rad =

A r O r B S

For the full circle, the circumference is 2r and the angle is 360o. 2r Therefore, = . r = 2 rad Hence, 2 rad = 360o => rad = 180o For each of the following measurement in degree, change it to radian. A Example: 25.8o (a) 30o = Since 180o = rad
25.8 = 25.8 180 = 0.4504 rad

25.8 O

[0.5237 rad] (b) 45 =

o

(c) 81.5 =

[0.7855 rad] (d) 122.8o = (e) 154o 20 =

[1.423 rad]

[2.144 rad] (f) 225o 36 = (g) -50o =

[2.694 rad]

[3.938 rad]
Circular Measure

[-0.02773 rad]

For each of the following measurement in radian, change it to degree. Example: 0.75 rad (a) 0.6 rad = Q Since rad = 180o P 180 0.75 rad = 0.75 0.75 rad = 42.97

Always use = 3.142 [34.37o] (b) 1.54 rad = (c)

18 rad = 5

[88.22o] (d) 2
3 rad = 7

[206.24o] (e) 1.2 rad =

[139.13o] (f)
rad = 3

[216o] (g) -0.25 rad =

[60o] (h) - 2
1 rad = 3

[-14.32o] (i) (1 + ) rad =

[-133.67o]
Circular Measure

[237.29o]

2. ARC LENGTH OF A CIRCLE

S => S = r r For each of the following, find the length of the arc S given the values of r and . P Example: (a) r = 20 cm and = 0.6 rad 10 cm r = 10 cm and = 1.5 rad Since S = r = 10 1.5 S 1.5 rad O = 15 cm

2.1 Arc Length, Radius and Angle

Q
(b) r = 15 cm and = 1.4 rad (c) r = 30 cm and =

[12 cm] rad

[21 cm] (d) r = 10 cm and = 60

o

[15.71 cm] (e) r = 1.5 m and = 82.8

o

[10.47 cm] For each of the following, calculate the length of the radius r given the values of S and . A Example: (a) S = 9 cm and = 1.5 rad S = 4.5 cm and = 1.5 rad r Since S = r 4.5 = 1.5r O 1.5 rad 4 .5 r= 1 .5 = 3 cm

[2.168 m]

4.5 cm

[6 cm]

(b) S = 4.5 cm and = 1.8 rad

(c) S = 9 m and = 30

[2.5 cm] (d) S = 15 cm and = 32.8

o

(e) S = 10 cm and =

[17.19 m] rad

[26.20 cm]
Circular Measure

[25.46 cm]

For each of the following, find the angle in radian given the values of r and S. A Example: (a) r = 9 cm and S = 36 cm r = 5 cm and S = 10 cm Since S = r 10 = 5 O 10 = 5 = 2 rad

5c

10 cm

[4 rad]

(b) r = 7 cm and S = 5.6 cm

(c) r = 20 cm and S = 0.7 m

[0.8 rad] (d) r = 1.2 cm and S = 20 cm (e) r = 3.5 cm and S = 112 cm

[3.5 rad]

[16

2 cm] 3

[32 cm]

For each of the following, find the angle A in degree given the values of r and S. Example: (a) r = 10 cm and S = 6 cm r = 8 cm and S = 20 cm Since S = r 20 = 8 O 20 = rad 8 180 = 2.5

20 cm

8 cm

= 143.22o (b) r = 5 cm and S = 5.4 cm

[34.37o] (c) r = 5.6 cm and S = 12 cm

[57.29o] (d) r = 7.15 cm and S = 0.28 m (e) r = 5.6 cm and S = 3 cm

[122.76o]

[224.34o]
Circular Measure

[96.43o]

3. AREA OF SECTOR 3.1 Area of Sector, Radius and Angle Area of a circle, A = r2 Area for a sector OPQ of angle o, A = Converting to radian,

P r

r 2 360 rad = r 2 2 rad 1 2 A= r , must be in radian. 2

O
r Q

For each of the following, find the area of the sector A given the values of r and . Example: (a) r = 5 cm and = 0.8 rad P r = 3 cm and = 1.8 rad 1 Since A = r 2 2 1 O 1.8 rad = 32 1.8 2 = 8.1 cm2

3c

3c

Q
(b) r = 2.11 cm and = 1.78 rad (c) r = 2.7 cm and = 1
2 rad 3

[10 cm2]

[3.962 cm2] (d) r = 12 mm and =

4 rad 5

[6.075 cm2] (e) r = 1.5 m and = 122.8

o

[180.98 mm2] (f) r =

3 m and = 85o 5

[2.411 m2] (g) r = 13.2 cm and = 67.2o

[0.2671 m2]
Circular Measure

[102.19 cm2]

For each of the following, find the length of the radius r given the values of and A. Example: = 1.2 rad and A = 15 cm2 (a) = 3 rad and A = 6 cm2 1 Since A = r 2 2 1 15 = r 2 1.2 2 O 15 2 2 r = r r 1.2 1.2 rad = 25 P r = 5 cm Q [2 cm] (b) = 1.4 rad and A = 118.3 cm2 (c) =

rad and A = 3 m2

[13 cm] (d) = 1

3 rad and A = 78.25 cm2 7

[6 m] (e) = 102o and A = 215 cm2

[109.55 cm] (f) = 65 and A = 78 cm

o 2

[15.54 cm] (g) = 102 and A = 1215 cm

o 2

[11.73 cm]
Circular Measure

[36.94 cm]

For each of the following, find the angle in radian given the values of r and A. (a) r = 2.4 cm and A = 1.44 cm2 3 Example: r = 5 cm and A = 9 cm2 8 1 2 Since A = r 2 3 1 O 5 cm 9 = 5 2 B 8 2 75 2 = _ 8 25 3 cm2 98 3 = rad A 4

5 cm

[0.5 rad] (b) r = 8 cm and A = 64 cm

2

(c) r = 0.6 m and A = 3.24 m

[2 rad] For each of the following, find the angle in degree given the values of r and A. Example: r = 4 cm and A = 16 cm2 (a) r = 15 cm and A = 50 cm 1 Since A = r 2 A 4 2 cm 1 2 16 = 4 2 O 16 2 = 16 cm2 16 = 2 rad 180 = 2 B 3.142 = 114.58o

[18 rad]

4 cm

[80o] (b) r = 8 cm and A = 48 cm

2

(c) r = 3.2 m and A = 5 m

[85.93o]
Circular Measure

[55.95o]

2.2 Perimeter of Segments of a Circle Example: For the shaded segment in the given diagram beside, find its perimeter. The perimeter of the shaded segment is the total length of the arc AB and the chord AB. SAB = r = 10 1.2 = 12 cm To find the length of the chord AB, consider A the triangle OAB in the diagram beside. 1 AB cm 2 10 = = sin 0.6 rad d 10 a 0.6 r O 0. 1 180 6 r ad AB = 10 sin(0.6 ) 2 3.142 10 = cm AB = 2 5.646 = 11.292 cm perimeter of shaded segment = 12 + 11.292 B = 23.292 cm 3.2 Area of Segments of a Circle Example: With reference to the sector in the same diagram beside, find the area of the shaded segment.

A
m 10 c

1.2 rad
10 cm

B
Note: The length of the chord AB = 2r sin 2

A
m 10 c

The area of the shaded segment is the difference between O 1.2 rad the area of the sector OAB and the triangle OAB. 1 2 10 Area of sector OAB = r cm 2 1 = 10 2 1.2 2 B = 60 cm2 To find the area of the triangle OAB, A please refer to the diagram beside. AC is perpendicular to the radius OB. cm 10 AC = sin 1.2 rad Note: AO Area of triangle OAB O 1.2 rad 180 1 AC = AO sin 1.2 = r 2 sin 3 . 142 2 10 C cm 1 Area of OAB = OB AC 2 B 1 = OB OA sin 68.75 2 1 = 10 10 0.9320 2 Area of segment = 46.60 cm 2 1 1 = r 2 r 2 sin 2 2 Area of shaded segment = 60 46.60 1 = 13.40 cm2 = r 2 ( sin ) 2
Circular Measure

For each of the following diagrams, find (i) the perimeter and (ii) the area of the shaded segment. (a)

A
5 cm

(b)

Q P
0.8 rad
m 6c

0.5 rad
5 cm

O
B

[Perimeter = 4.974 cm, Area = 0.2579 cm2] (c)

[Perimeter = 9.472 cm, Area = 1.489 cm2] (d)

O
4 .2 c m

4.2 cm

6 cm

3.8 c

60o

1 rad
3.8 cm

[Perimeter = 10.19 cm, Area = 1.145 cm2]

Circular Measure

[Perimeter = 8.599 cm, Area = 4.827 cm2]