Car Park Ventilation

DUCTLESS INDUCTION VENTILATION System

SEVCON ( I ) PVT. LTD. 1012, CHIRANJIV TOWER, NEHRU PLACE, NEW DELHI Tel : 011 26469592, 26469593, 26417015 khers@vsnl.net

INDUCTION JETVENT UNIT

Purpose of Induction JetVent System

1) To remove CO, NOx, dust and harmful pollutants.

2) Air dilution in the parking area with fresh air.

3) Air exchanging in a short time. time

Introduction :

1. Ductless Induction Ventilation is a latest concept very predominant used in developed countries like U.K, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Belgium, Norway, Australia, Korea, Japan, Singapore. 2. Jet vent system adapts to the concepts like Value Engineering, Energy conservation and it also give more stress to Health & Safety Norms

PRINCIPLE OF INDUCTION JETVENT SYSTEM

1. JetVent Fan induce the air stream to the exhaust outlet. 2. System will move air of surrounded / shadowy area to the main air stream without any dead stagnated zones. 3. System equally disperses fresh air throughout area, dilutes the congested & contaminated air by stirring it with fresh air and induces air stream to the outlet. - Induction effect from pressure difference - Whirl effect

WHY VENTILATE A CAR PARK ?

Pollution control (vehicle emissions) Smoke extract (in case of fire) Building regulations

PURPOSE TO VENTILATE CARAPRK USING JET FANS :

To address to concern of pollution hazard & Fire hazard. Improved air quality and efficient dilution : CO less than 100ppm. Reduced slab height. High operation reliability ProblemProblem -free servicing SpaceSpace -saving & easy installation No duct Energy saving : Low operating/running cost. Easy to retroretro-fit

Classification of Carpark

Open CarPark : As a trend in India.

Underground Carpark : As no. of cars increasing, parking space requirements increasing, also no. of multistorey underground carpark are being built. Moverover,importance of underground carpark has increased dramatically. There are three type : (1) Small Carparks : Up to 100sqm Area (2) Medium Carpark : Up to 1000sqm Area (3) Large Carpark : over 1000sqm Area

OPEN CARPARK

Underground Car park

Basement Ductless induction ventilation system for CarPark

Underground Carpark having ducts

Pollution Hazards

Toxic gases generated from automobile emissions

particularly CO/CO2, hydrocarbons need to be Speedily and effectively replaced

The requirement of ventilation system in the Closed carpark - CO (Carbon monoxide) content should not exceed the average value of 100ppm over a period of 30 minutes.

Fire Hazard

In case of fire in the building, the smoke caused by the fire is most dangerous, as it Contains toxic gases and spread quicker than fire. Smoke can kill Human Beings. For this reason smoke should be evacuated as soon as possible. The installation must be equipped with Smoke/ fire detection sensors. Sensors must be strategically located inside the Carpark. In the interest of safety, after any fire the Jet fans /EA fans should be replaced to ensure repeatability of performance.

Jet fans in the Fire Emergency

1. According to fire alarm, Exhaust air fans and Jet Fans shall operate in emergency operation mode without time lag.

2. Fire alarms can be achieved by smoke detector, manual call button and other emergency signal sources.

3. All of control panels shall be linked with emergency signal contacts each other.

4. All of Jet Fans shall be on during fire mode.

Advantages

1. Space saving ,compact , sturdy & portable 2. Effective mixing ,complete and uniform dilution throughout the Car parking area 3. Uniform and Effective transportation of mixed air to the Exhaust port 4. No stagnated zones in the parking area 5. Fresh air intake from the Ramp and hence elimination of Supply fans 6. Flexible installation in case change in Design , Modification & Renovation 7. Reduction in Installation time,labour & Costs 8. Virtually no maintenance cost

Advantages

9. Savings in Capital cost because of total elimination of ducts,grills,diffusers,holders and associated accessories and Supply fans as fresh air intake is through Ramp 10. Reduced System Resistance and Friction Loss. Reduction in Operating costs (40(40-60%) due the reduction in the power required for Exhaust fans 11. Intelligent system control by using CO sensors & Smoke sensors and by interlocking it with Exhaust Fans which prevent the spreading of Smoke and hence better smoke control 12. Rescue and Fire dosing operations can be made easier because of increased visibility as Smoke concentration can be reduced to very low level

Ductless System

Conventional System

System
- Control System. - CO monitoring system.

- Supply / Exhaust air fan

- Supply / Exhaust air fan - Duct,along with diffusers.,grills, nozzles etc.

Formation

- JetVent Fans

- Control system

- CO monitoring system

Ventilation

Air transfer by JetVent Fans no ducts

Air transfer by fans and ducts - Direct transfer

Method

- Direct transfer

- Indirect transfer (induction)

Feature - Beam penetration is required - High investment cost - High operation cost - Relatively high noise level - Relatively high ceiling height is required

- No beam penetration required

- Zone control available

- Quantity control available

- Easy to retro-fit

- Simple installation, low ceiling ht. required.

- Low investment cost,

- Low operation cost

- Low noise level

- Easy service and maintenance

Comparative study
Ductless Induction Ventilation System
1. Jet vent provides free & uniform flow and cost effective solution for the entire parking area eliminating ducts and accessories 2. Jet vent system leaves no stagnated zones and complete & uniform dilution in Normal mode and smoke evacuation in Fire mode 3. Highly efficient and intelligent system with interlocking of jet fans with exhaust fans and CO&Smoke sensors makes it superior product in basement application 4. Jet fans are placed on the ceiling ,compact, portable and flexible in positioning and is ideal for all changes in present and future requirement 5. Fire escape,rescue and dozing operation can be easily done because smoke control system prevents spreading of Smoke to other areas and fast transportation & dilution of smoke to Exhaust port

Conventional Ducted System

1. Ducts and accessories are used for ventilation causes increase in capital cost and increases the friction loss and system resistance 2. Ducts causes stagnated zones and high pollution level in Normal mode and smoke concentration in Fire mode at dead zones 3. No intelligent system control is there as for the Normal and Fire mode fans has to suck the air or smoke from the fire zones and is practically not feasible 4. Ducts are bulky,nonbulky,non-aesthetic& they are not flexible and is a waste in case of design changes ,alterations and renovations 5. Fire escape,rescue and dozing operation becomes difficult in stagnated zones and in car park areas after heavy smoke

Important Quote's

Jet ventilation systems are most significant new weapon made available to the industry in the last 25 years {Courtesy : British parking Association}

The benefits of Car park ventilation can be reaped by the Car park owners,users,designers and the Fire Service {Courtesy : British parking Association}

To Address the concern of the Pollution Hazard and the Fire Hazard effectively.

A specialised, computerised Fluid Dynamics study needs to be conducted for ensuring a complete solution

CFD Simulation Cooperation

CFD means : Computational Fluid Dynamics

CFD Analysis is used to simulate the airflows, To ensure that the distribution of the air is sufficient to effectively ventilate the Carpark under normal conditions as well as emergency conditions.

CFD Model Construction

Construct 3D model of car park : Set ambient conditions Assign solution domain Construct basic rectangular enclosure Add significant walls, obstructions, ramps, etc. Simplify where possible to aid analysis Assign material properties

3D MODEL OF CARPARK

3D model of car park (next) Entrance / exit Entrance / exit

Entrance / exit Entrance Entrance / exit

CFD simulations : JET FANS BETWEEN CONCRETE CEILING JOINTS

Example of installation diagram and air distribution : For Basement 40m x 70m x 4m (2,509m2)/(26997 Sqft ) Airflow rate : 35,000 cfm, Exhaust fans : 2nos (17,500 cfm each) Fresh drawn from Ramp, Total 82 cars. No of Jet fans can be Located : 9 Nos.

CO & Air velocity CFD - MAP SHOWING CO DISTRIBUTION INCASE OF CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM

CO & Air velocity CFD Map showing Co distribution during operation of OA / EA & Jet fans

DESIGN GUIDES FOR DUCTLESS INDUCTION BASEMENT CARPARK :

1. Calculation of Total Area and height of the basement. 2. Calculation of total Air flow rate for car park. Concept is based on 6ACH ( Air Change per hour ) adapted for basement ventilation to extract POLLUTANTS and 10 ACH for SMOKE mode option. 3. Selection of supply and exhaust air fans. 4. Location of Ramp. 5. Coverage area : 200~300sqm per Jet Fans. 6. Sectional View and plan view having marked location of drive ways, cutouts for exhaust and supply for Multilevel basement.

Process Map
Obtain drawings from customer Ye s Mark identified internal features on drg Mark walls of car park on drawings Identify any internal walls, stairwells, lift shafts, etc Mark ramps on drawings Calculate parking floor area Calculate flow rate required Yes Height of Car Park known? Calculate volume of Car Park Identify air change rate required Identify other supply openings

No

START

Detailed plan/section drawings available?

Specify extract fan by using calculated rates

Assume height = 3m

No

Select Jetfan type required

Calculate number of Jetfans required

Determine provisional Jetfan positions

Cost Project

FINISH

Air change per hour requirement per country

Country

UK Ireland Dubai France Germany Portugal Poland Hong Kong Malaysia Singapore

Pollution 6ac/h 6ac/h 6ac/h 300m 3/hr/space 300m 3/hr/space 300m 3/hr/space 6ac/h 6ac/h 6ac/h 6ac/h

Smoke 10ac/h 10ac/h 10ac/h 600m 3/hr/space 600m 3/hr/space 600m 3/hr/space 10ac/h 9ac/h 9ac/h 9ac/h

CALCULATION FORMULA FOR CO CONCENTRATION

Project Name Upper Basement 3.6 m 1430 m2 5148 m3 Number of car passing (T2) Average Driving Distance(L1) Distance for Passing (L2) Number of car in each floor

OFFICE PROJECT 31 Car 12 Car 80m 32 m

Floor

Height

Area

Volume

1. Total Co emission in each floor M ( g/Hr) :

M1 + M2 + M3

(a). Co emission by driving (g/Hr) M1 = G x T1 x L1 = 6.01 (g/Km) x 14.0 (LH/Hr) x 80 (m/LH) / 1000 = 6.7

(b). Co emission by passing M2 (g/Hr) M2 = G X T2 x L2 / 1000` = 6.01 ( g/Km x 12(LH/Hr) x 32 (m/LH) / 1000 = 2.4 (g/Hr)

(C). Co emission by idling M3 (g/Hr) M3 = Mi x Ti x Hi = 20.742 (g/Min) x 14.0 (LH/Hr) x 2 Min/LH

= 579 (g/Hr) = 587.8 (g/Hr)

Therfore M = M1 + M2 +M3 = 6.7 (g/Hr) + 2.4 (g/Hr) + 579 (g/Hr)

2.

Estimated Co Concentration in Garage Cr (PPM) Cr = ( M/V + Co) X 1000 / 1.14 = ( 587.8 / 5.148 ) + 0.0114 ) x 1000 / 1.14 = 110.2 PPM

3. Required Air Volume Q (m3 / Hr ) Q = ( M / Cd - Co ) = (587.8 / ( 0.057 0.01140 = 13000

4. Exchange Rate ( T / Hr) N=Q / V = 13000 / 5.148 = 2.5

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

M1 = Co emission by driving (g/Hr) M2 = Co emission (g/Hr) M3 = Co emission by idling (g/Hr) G = Average Co emission by driving (g/Km) = axVO V : Average driving speed ( Km/hr) A,b : Co Emission factor for passenger cars T1 = No. of car entry (Car / hr)=No. of car park x Cir. Rate / 8

T2 = No. of Car Passing (car/hr) L1 = Average driving distance (m/Car) L2 = Driving distance by passing ( m/ car) Mi = Avearge co emission by idling=20.742 g/min Ti = No : of Cars on Idling (Car/Hr) Hi = Permitted CO contamination in the Garage ( 2 min/ LH)

Circulation Rate Apartment Wedding Hall Office Bldg Cultural Center Car Park Bldg Performance Bldg Complex Bldg Hotel Department Store Medical Centre Public Office Terminal

2.1 3.1 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 5.5 5.9 6.4 7.1 7.3

D e s ig n F o r m u la s

C a lc u la tio n o f th e c o v e ra g e a re a :

X = K * D ia m e te r o f N o z z le * V e lo c ity o f A ir s tre a m a t O u tle t/V e lo c ity a t T h ro w p o in t

{ K = C o n s t a n t ( 5 .0 ) }

X = 5 * 0 .1 8 * 1 6 / 0 .7 X = 2 0 .5 M

N o w , In t h e a b o v e T r i a n g l e ,

T an 12 = Y 1 / X Y = X T an 12

Y = 2 0 .5 T a n 1 2 Y = 2 0 .5 * 0 .2 1 Y = 4 .3 1 5

G e n e ra lly w e a s s u m e X = 2 5 , T h e re fo re c o v e ra g e a re a = 2 * { 2 5 * 6 } = 2 * 1 5 0 = 3 0 0 S q M

C o v e r a g e a r e a in c a s e o f S e v c o n M a k e J e t F a n s M o d e l ( J V F 3 5 0 A X ) = 3 0 0 S q M

N o t e : S i m i l a r l y v a r y i n g t h e t h r o w n l e n g t h a t i s o v e l 0 .5 c o v e r a g e a r e a s c a n b e c a l c u l a t e d

treated water

pump room

fire tank

M GR FRO P DN RAM

1
dom estic water tank

P UP RAM
W ATERTANK
flushing tank

-2 OB NT PD RAM B-2 ROM PF PU RAM

R TO G

STORE

7
LIFT

lift pit lift pit lift pit

LIFT

lift pit lift pit lift pit lift pit lift pit lift pit

LIFT

lift pit

9
HOK, CALIFORNIA

10

DIKSHIT CONSULTANTS &ENGINEERS PVT.LTD.

OBEROI MULTI

11
STP 150 sqm

DUCTLESS INDUCTIONVENTILATION FOR CAR PARK

EXISTING WELL ON SITE

THOMA S SUMA N SU NILKH ER M M

JETVENT- OBEROI MULTI - 9016
14/4/2005

AREA = 3561 Sq M

KOTHARI & ASSOCIATES

PANASEA TECHNOLOGIES PVT.LTD.

FIVE STAR HOTEL

DUCTLESS INDUCTIONVENTILATION FOR CAR PARK

TH OMA S SU MA N SU NIL KH ER MM
JET VENT-FIVE STAR HOTEL-9059 16/9/2005

Control Diagram
GROUP1 GROUP2

SIGNAL T O OT HER ZONE PANEL

by other's
FRESH AIR FAN

LINKAGE ZONE PANEL

AUT O : CO DET ECT OR SEMI-AUT O:T IMER

EXHAUST AIR FAN

REMOT E PANEL

(MANUL ON/OFF)

FIRE ALARM

FIRE M ANUAL CALL

MENU : ON,OFF REMOT E : BMS LOW / HIGH EMERGENCY

24V DC (HIGH ALARM)

CO DET ECT ER

REM OT E ROOM

PRIMARY POWER FEED 1Ph 220v 60Hz (by other's)

DA- FAN SYST EM(PER ZONE)

SCALE:NONE

THANK YOU