Acknowledgement

First of all, I would like to express our sincere gratitude to our Recreational and Adventure lecturer, Mr. Rosli, for lecturing us on the fundamentals and theories of camping. Appreciation is never less for the great effort on organizing such a wonderful camping. His advices and reminders made the camping went smoothly. Besides, we are highly indebted to the jungle trekking guider. He led us the correct path to Pondok 3, Bukit Larut and we managed to reach safely. Thank you to UTP because provide us camping equipments and free transportation to our destination. Other than that, I would like to thank the captain, Joshua Teoh and vicecaptain, Yeo Chui Ping. Their smart leadership unites the team and manages to control all the participants in good manner. Thank you to all group leaders as carried out their jobs well. Every department including logistics, food and beverage, safety and medical, religion and games carried out respective responsibility without complaining. Last but not least, thank you to all the participants for willing to cooperate and tolerate each other throughout the camping.

Introduction
Recreation and Adventure 1 is one of the co-curriculum activities established by Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP) to enable students to learn new skills, enhance their skills in non-academic activities and participate in the activities in order to obtain new knowledge and experience for themselves. In Recreation and Adventure 1, a camping at Bukit Larut, Taiping, Perak was organized on 8th and 9th of December 2012. There were 71 students who took part in the camping. It was organized to enable the student to experience and learn to survive in an unfamiliar environment. This logbook is prepared to sum up what I have learnt in class during lectures and during camping in this semester. This logbook is divided into two parts. The first part includes things we learnt in the six lectures. It summarizes all the notes taken given by lecturer in the class. The second part of the logbook elaborates on the experiences in the camping, including the journey, weather and condition and activities during camping at Tapak Perkhemahan Kaki Bukit Larut.

Profile
Name: Student ID Number: Age: Date of Birth: Place of Birth: Address:. Height: Weight Blood Type: Semester/ Year: Batch: Programme:

LECTURES RECORD
1st Lecture (6th October 2012) 2nd Lecture (13th October 2012) 3rd Lecture (20th October 2012) 4th Lecture (9th November 2012) 5th Lecture (21st November 2012) 6th Lecture (24th November 2012)

1ST LECTURE DAY/ DATE: SATURDAY (6TH OCTOBER 2012) TIME: 0900-1100 VENUE: LR07, BLOCK N

Introduction: Introducing to Recreation and Activities 1 by lecturer - Content of this subject. - Mark allocations and requirement to get marks. - Activities which will be held Ice breaking session - Lecturer introduced himself to us. - Every student introduced themselves and shared their camping experiences. Dividing students into group of six or seven. - Students are allowed to choose their group members and their group leader. - Students need to choose a name for their group

Planner : Discussion and planning for activities to be held: - Seven lectures throughout the semester including first class and last class after camping. (Each lecture takes 2 hours) - Camping in Tapak Perkhemahan Kaki Bukit Larut (2 days and 1 night) Choosing captain and assistant: - Captain : Joshua Teoh - Assistant : Yeo Chui Ping

2ND LECTURE DAY/ DATE: SATURDAY (13TH OCTOBER 2012) TIME: 0900-1100 VENUE: LR07, BLOCK N

Objective of R&A:
Recreational Adventure is established by the curriculum unit of UTP for the purpose to give chances for the students to enhance their skill in non-academic activities and also expose themselves towards those activities in order to gain new knowledge for themselves. Its primary objective is to support the vision of Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS to produce well-rounded students.

Definition of R&A:
R&A are activities carried out in the open air and natural environment. R&A outdoor activities basically use the nature to expose individuals to the practical experiences like feelings and interactions with the nature and real situation. It is practiced as a pass time hobby and recreational/ relaxing activities as a learning/formal and informal education.

3 Main Fields:
1. Land 2. Water 3. Air

There are 2 types of recreational forms:

Passive: Outdoor activities that are passive are not active and challenging. It does not require physical and mental strength. For example, human base recreation (watching TV), hobby (reading, writing, bird watching) which the main purpose is to relax the mind. Active: Active recreation has certain challenges. It requires physical and mental strength. These activities can be carried out individually or in groups. Involvement is these activities are voluntary and done outside working hours. It can help to make one fill up leisure time and forget temporarily working stress. Active recreation activities on land (camping, climbing, orienteering),on water (canoeing, snorkeling, rafting) and in air (free falling, parachuting, gliding)

Knowledge and skills:

One who wants to participate in any recreational activities must equip oneself with knowledge on various recreational aspects and certain related skills. For example, camping craft, first aid and map reading.

3RD LECTURE DAY/ DATE: SATURDAY (20TH OCTOBER 2012) TIME: 1100-1300 VENUE: LR07, BLOCK N

Physical Fitness :
In previous years, fitness was defined as the capacity to carry out daily activities without undue fatigue. These days, physical fitness is considered a measure of the bodys ability to function efficiently and effectively in work and leisure activities, to be healthy, to resist hypokinetic diseases and to meet emergency situations. Physical fitness is generally achieved through exercise, correct nutrition and enough rest. It is an important factor in life and it can maintain ones ideal body weight as well. An ideal body weight can be achieved and maintained by doing a 45 minutes physical exercises 3 times in a week, a controlled balanced diet and adequate rest and recovery periods. The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a useful way of establishing whether ones weight is within a healthy range. In order to calculate ones BMI, ones height and weight are required. BMIs formula: weight (kg)/height (m2)=BMI

Figure 1BMI

Camping
Camping is the convenient life in the outdoor environment. It involves food preparation, protection and environmental activities. Camping can be done in forests, hills, mountains, beach and so on. Camping requires planning and preparations to ensure the activity is comfortable and safe. The camping location should be within the law enforcement and the capacity of the mental, physical and equipment. The weather must be taken into consideration because it is the main factor contributing to comfort, satisfaction and self-ability during the activity. Respect the environment. Camping results in fun, satisfaction and new challenges in ones live. It also keeps one in close contact with nature beauty and nature life. In addition, it practically fulfills ones leisure time and builds up the spirit of spiritual values and social life.

Camping Ethics
The location of our camping activity could be near to public places or property owned by others. Therefore, camping ethics hinder us from disturbing the peace. These ethics are: Get prior permission from the concerned property owner for the camping activity. Do not litter around or leave garbage behind. Take caution when using fire. Do not dirty the area when fulfilling nature call by improper disposal. Do not abuse private and public properties. Respect the culture and the rights of the local residents. Avoid sensitive acts that can hurt their feelings. Do not destroy nature. Always be conservative.

Camping spots
Camping spot is where the tents are fixed. Tents must be fixed as soon as possible as one reach the camping spot. Venturing for a camping spot must be done at least two hours before dark (forests in Malaysia get dark by 6.00p.m.). This is to give enough time to venture, fix the tent, cook, bathe and so on. Choosing a camping is the main thing to be considered. There are things to be observed: Activity type The spot chosen must be flat and wide. Number of days involved There is protection from wind. Number of participants. Water is available or near to water hole. Has an interesting view and environment. Exposed to sunlight to dry clothes or wet things Has connection to emergencies or to get supplies

When choosing a camping spot, avoid places like the following (Donts) : Too near the water hole, especially the river to avoid sudden floods caused by rain from the upper stream. High grass to avoid danger of fire and crawling animals. Thick bushes that slows movement and have many insects. Damp swamps. Muddy area that will dirty the tents and equipment. On high banks or slopes which are slippery and can collapse. Under big trees or lushes with branches that can break and fall during heavy downpour. Animal pathways to avoid being attacked by wild animals.

Cleanliness of camping spot: Keep the camping spot and oneself clean so that the camping activity is pleasure not only to oneself but also to others who come later.

 Safety of camping area: To ensure your camping activity is comfortable and safe, please consider the following: Choose a suitable and safe spot as recommended. Make sure ones tent is always closed when leaving it. Mark dangerous spots, slopes, slippery land, stubble, fallen tree and hole. Use something to avoid crawling animals. Do not let your things be messy. Do not light a fire or smoke in the tent. Torch lights are allowed. Do not cook near the tent. The distance must be at least 10 feet. Do not litter light stubs around, put off the fire before throwing. If the water hole is too small, dont bathe or wash in it. If you should like to carry out water activity, check the place out for safety. Do not make noise at the camping area like laughing too loud or too much or shouting. Do not move around separately. One must be accompanied by at least one person when venturing out of the camp area night or day. Use torchlight when walking at night. Inform somebody before going anywhere. When moving to leave a certain spot, ensure that all members are accounted for, fire is off, spot has been cleaned and holes have been covered. During emergencies, avoid from being separated from groups unless one has to. Organize a safety watch (sentry) so everyone has enough rest.

Considerations: Not all camping spots can fulfill needs as mentioned earlier. Therefore, consideration and discussion are required to choose the camping spot. Several factors need to be reviewed: Type of camping like adventuring on foot, cycling, canoeing, boating, motor vehicle and so on. Camping period: if camping for just a day or a night, it is not necessary to look for the complete characteristics. Number of participants: if in small groups, the camping spot is not necessarily wide and water requirement is not big but it is the other way around if in big groups. The environment is also an important factor in choosing a spot. If it is solely for camping, then one need to find a spot with a beautiful view. To know the physical of the spot is better in order to know the equipment required.

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4TH LECTURE DAY/ DATE: FRIDAY (9TH NOVEMBER 2012) TIME: 1700-1900 VENUE: LR07, BLOCK N

EQUIPMENT:
Back pack: Backpack is the first equipment to be considered while planning an outdoor recreation or adventure activity because we can carry all sorts of tools and requirement conveniently. Form and types: Comes in different forms and types. Some have frames (inside or out), some dont. Furthermore, some can be used for a day use and some are for longer periods. In fact, some backpacks are created specifically for mountain climbing. Material: Most backpacks are made of nylon because it is lighter. Some are made of canvass, tarpaulin, etc. For mountain climbing purpose, backpacks are made of more sophisticated material called the Cordura (a type of nylon). Other types of nylon are Taffeta and Ballistics.

\ \
Figure 2 One Day Backpack This back pack is normally sling on the shoulder and has no frame. Figure 3 Overnight backpack this backpack is for camping that requires overnight.

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 Framed backpack: This backpack is framed on the outside. The reason for this frame is to divide the weight pressure equally between the shoulders and the waist, so that the weight can be carried comfortably. It also functions to avoid the backpack from touching the back of the carrier so that air flows freely. This backpack allows you to carry more weight than you are able to. It is for activities that last more than 10 days. Weight of more than 11kg should be carried in this type of backpack. Note that maximum weight that can be carried by normal ability of an individual should not be more than 1/3 of his weight.

Figure 4 External Frame Backpack Normally, this type of backpack is not suitable to be used for the mountain climbing activity in Malaysia. Forest in Malaysia mainly consists if creep plants and this will distract your journey to the top.

Figure 5 Internal Frame Backpack

Specifications: 2 removable side pockets for added convenience. Shoulder lifts system for less shoulder strain and more comfort. Load stabilizer straps. Water resistant and durable, high density rips top polyester and polyurethane coating. Separate access to bottom of pack. Hydration system capability with hydration tube exit port internal compartment. Includes two pre-curved aluminum stays for added support.

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How To Pack A Backpack When preparing your backpacking gear for a camping or hiking trip, properly loading your backpack is nearly as important as the gear you take. A well-loaded backpack improves balance and weight distribution allowing you to carry more gear with less effort. Your body will appreciate a properly loaded backpack, so use this handy guide whenever youre preparing for any kind of backpacking excursion! Pack your sleeping bag at the bottom of your backpack. Depending on the model of backpack, you may have a compartment specifically for your sleeping bag. If you have an external frame backpack or a pack without a sleeping bag compartment, you may to tie your sleeping bag to the bottom of your backpack. Load the remainder if your backpack as indicated by the diagram below. Remember that your lightest items should be the furthest from your back to prevent unnecessary stress and torque on your skeletal structure. Remember to avoid loading anything that may shift into the top part of your pack, as this may cause you to lose your balance. You may want to use extra socks or similar soft goods as filler to keep loose items from shifting. Before setting out, try your pack on to make sure there are no items sticking in to your back.

Please note the regulations as below: All supplies must be loaded into the backpack. Avoid hanging things on the backpack. Things that need to be unloaded first must be on the uppermost of the backpack or in the pockets of the backpack. Arrange the things properly to avoid any bulging or wasted space.

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Tent
Your tent is an important piece of camping equipment, if not the most important. The tent is your home away from home. Tents are protection made of cloth, canvass or other material that is mobile. It gives protection against wind and rain. Some tents protect from insects and crawling animals. Tents are offered in cabins, triangle, domes and other geometric shapes. Choose a tent that meets your outdoor recreation needs for protection, comfort, features, size and weight. If you choose carefully, you will create a strong foundation for years of enjoyable camping experience.

Points to Consider When Selecting Tents Protection

Tents chosen must be able to protect from weather like rain, heat, wind and so on. It should also protect from insects and crawling animals.

Comfort
The tent should be make a comfortable sleeping area and has space to store things.

Durability
The tent must be light and durable. Can be used in any environment and does not tear easily when used and is washable with water and does not contain bleaching material.

Waterproof
Make sure the tent you buy is waterproof, but it is not easy to find a waterproof tent. There are some with waterproof coating, non-cracking rubber and silicon treated.

Size
Choose a tent with longitudinal size or according to usage. If it is for two persons, it is not practical to use a six pack tent. The minimal size suitable to be used for camping is a tent for 2 people. This is so you have a company when you camp. The biggest size suitable is that fits 4 people. Bigger size tent that will cause difficult handling in terms of accommodation storage of things, cleanliness, control on camping members and comfort.

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 Types of tents
Specifically for camping, it is divided to 3 categories:

Bivouac/Simple
In French, it means forced camping which means it is simple. This type of camping is done by the Armed Forces on duty in the forest. This tent is suitable when there is no suitable area to put a normal tent or when the night weather is so good and beautiful that you want to enjoy gazing at the stars and earth phenomenon in the silence of the night.

Ridge
It is heavier, more expensive and consumes more time to fix. This tent is only suitable for camping involving vehicles whereby the camping area is not far from the road. For camping where you need to walk and carry weights to reach camping area.

Frame
This tent consists of deference shaped, i.e. the Wall Tent and the A Shaped Tent. This is widely used in Malaysia before the Doom or Igloo Tents are introduced. Some type of tent is use air tube as a frame.

Specifications: 2 pole free standing tent with dual top windows Perfect for stargazing 2 door design lets you out on either side even with the rain fly on Heavy duty zippers and clips 2 pockets for personal items Full-coverage rainfly with UV resistant 75D diamond rip stop nylon. 4000 PU waterproof coating with 2 new rubberneck non-cracking windows Velcro tabs allow for quick access through the doors Hooded vents and heat taped seams keep you dry. 2100 Oxford nylon bucket style floor with 4000 PU waterproof coating. No need for a foot print with this tent. Ultra-light 9.5 mm air-craft quality aluminum poles for durability and simple set up. Fiberglass frame/ poles for simple set up. Freestanding, so tent can be moved to optimal position before staking it down. Double stitch and bar-tack design webbing for longer life and extra durability. High tenacity breathable rips top nylon walls Comes with a convenient 2 strap nylon rip

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Fixing tent It is important to know how to fix tents. The skills can be acquired by practice. It can be learned from pictures or from an experienced friend. Do not bring a tent that you have no idea how to fix. To fix a tent, you have to follow the following: Fix a tent on a suitable chosen spot. Make sure when fixing the tent, the entrance of the tent does not face the wind direction. This is to avoid the wind because it can be very cold, especially in the mountains. If fixing a tent on sand or soft land, where the pegs can be easily fly off, fixed some woods to hold the strings of the tent. Some will fly off if exposed to strong wind. Clean the camping spot from rubbish, stones, stable and so on. The pegs of the tent must be 90% with the ground when fixing them. Distance between one tent to the other tent must not be near that movement is difficult and spreading is easy in case of fire. The best distance is 3 meters apart.

Various Types of Tents

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17

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5TH LECTURE DAY/ DATE: WEDNESDAY (21ST NOVEMBER 2012) TIME: 1700-1900 VENUE: LR07, BLOCK N

Sleeping bag:
It is important equipment during camping, as it is our bed away from home. Sleeping bag has a variety of styles. Campers have many choices of sleeping bags to choose with to meet an array of needs. For example, a rectangular sleeping bag gives more movement freedom, while a mummy style sleeping bag can keep oneself warmer in colder temperatures. A sleeping bag is used to keep our body warm at area of high altitudes. At normal ground, it is also needed as there will be coldness from strong wind and heavy rains. A sleeping bag covers the whole body, except the face, trapping heat between the skin and the surface of the bag. This will keep the body warm.

Figure 6 Mummy sleeping bag.

Figure 7 Square sleeping bag.

Specification: It is insulated with water resistance synthetic-Micro-fibre to keep one warm in most conditions. It is durable, light weight and water resistance rip-stop nylon shell and liner that compress great, and soft and yet tuff. Full contoured style hoods retain more heat and fit ones head for a comfortable sleep. 2 layers offset quilting prevents cold sports by overlapping insulation and seems. Adjustable insulated draft collar creates an airtight closure around the upper body. Overlapping insulated draft tube runs the full length of zipper to eliminate heat loss through zipper.

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Zipper: Plastic zip is better as it is light and rust free. During cold nights, contact with metal zips makes one feel cold. Make sure the zip is functioning, expose the bag to sunlight during the day and make sure it is clean and dry.

Clothing:
Clothes for outdoor activities: One should choose clothes that protect oneself from natural elements, such as wind, water, sun, sharp objects, and animals and so on. Also, one should choose outdoor clothing base on weather. Hat: our head exude heat for the whole body, so it is better to cover our head to protect against animals, insects, sun and hard objects. T-shirts: T-shirts should be loose and long sleeves. Cotton material is suitable for hot weather, while wool material is suitable for cold weather. It is better if the t-shirt has more than one pocket. Pants: Pants should be long pants, loose and allows freedom of movement. It should be thick to protect from thorns. It is better with two pockets in front and two behind and if possible with pockets at the side. Cotton material is for hot weather, while wool material is for cold weather. For sleeping, wear track suit will do. Under garment: It should be air absorben Personal items: One should bring bath towel, toothpaste, toothbrush, comb, soap, slippers, shavers, etc.

Footwear:
As a beginner backpacker, choosing the right footwear may be the most important decision to make. The shoes or boots you choose must be comfortable, durable and protective.

Select the appropriate shoes or boots based on the planned activity. Mountaineering boots must be much heavier and more substantial than dayhiking boots. Learn about the materials used in hiking footwear. Do you need heavy, waterproof materials or light-weight, breathable one? Consider how boot construction will affect your activity

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 Get your feet measured properly and then try on the boots with appropriate socks. Take a test walk on a flat surface and then on an incline and check for any slippage or discomfort.

Figure 8 Hiking Boot.

Figure 9 Trekking/ Sport Shoe

Figure 9 Slippers/ sandals Slippers are to be worn in the camping area to relax the feet and expose to fresh air.

Shoes: Thick and flowered soles give comfort and grip. In Malaysia, it is suitable for jogging. If walking on a slippery stone, dont be hasty, get a gripping stand before proceeding. On slippery high slopes, dig soles of shoes into ground. Socks: Wool is the best material for socks. Cotton made socks are not suitable as they can cause footsore. Transparent type of socks allows air movement. Short socks are better for easy movement, while long socks are for sleeping.

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Personal and Group Equipment:

PERSONAL String: for individual, 4 to 5 meters long. The good type is the nylon. Usually this string used for hanging clothes and tight for tent if applicable. Polythene bag: To load things before loading into backpacks and other small or big items to avoid from getting wet. Stationery: For recording purpose during the journey. Multipurpose knife: A personal tool for cutting, opening cans, etc. Keep in your pants or shirt pockets. Make sure it is not rust. Matches: Individual tool. Wrap it in a small polythene bag. It is better to use a lighter. Whistle: For individual to give as signal, specifically during emergencies. Insect repellant: Substance applied to the skin in order to provide protection against biting of insects, primarily mosquitoes, ticks, chiggers, fleas, etc. First aid kit: every individual needs to carry for personal usage. Put where easy to take. Torch light: individual tool. When carrying in a bag, the batteries should be taken out. GROUP Night light: Group tool. For discussion, cooking, etc. The hurricane gasoline type is suitable. Gasoline lights can be used too. Shovel: A group tool for digging holes. It is tied to the backpack vertically and the sharp edge is wrapped. The foldable type is better. Parang: Specifically for cutting and is worn at the waist. The best size is 25 cm. Navigational tools: Group tool. Map, compass and distance measurer (according to activities). First aid kit: For group, a person expert in the medical field should be in charge and be in the last row

Figure10 First Aid Kits

Figure 10 whistle Figure 11 First Aid Kits

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Cooking utensils:
Stove: There are three types of stove for cooking which can be brought along, i.e. gas stove, gasoline stove and the stove used by the army. In fact, you can make your own stove by using firewood. The stove is a group equipment. Gas stove: it is suitable for camping by motor vehicle because the gas stove container is very heavy. Therefore, it is not suitable for lightweight camping, or on foot even though it is easy and fast to use. The cost is also a bit expensive. Gasoline stove: This stove is cheaper and light but requires skill and caution while using it. The fire is strong and cooks the food quickly. However, this stove is difficult to handle. Stove used by the army: It requires a lighting material that is made of chemical material called solid fuel. This stove is suitable to cook on mess tins. Another type of lighting material used is a chemical that is put in a tin. To use, just light the material in the tin. Firewood stove: This stove needs wood as its lighting material. It also requires skill to light the fire from wood and to make the stove from wood. Fire is essential for cooking. It is important for cooking, heating the body and provides lighting to the camping area. If you do not bring a stove, you will have to cook on the ground by digging a hole and making the stove with wood or stones. No matter what equipment you use to cook, you must always follow these rules: Distance between the stove is 8-10 feet from the tents. Make a small fire to maintain the cleanliness and safety. Do not make a fire under the trees. Put of the fire of unused stoves and cover the embers. Wood or stones used to make the stove must be taken out.

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 Cooking/ eating container: The container must have a handle for easy handling during cooking. Mess tins are recommended. One mess tin can be used to cook for two person (if anyone eat less, it can cook for three person.). The mess tin is standard in size. Besides, plate or bowl used must be plastic because it does not break easily. Make sure you do not carry any glassware. Water container: For water container, an aluminum or plastic cup is appropriate. It is more convenient to bring a bottle set as it contains both. This set can be carried with the belt or put in the backpack pocket. The reason for the water bottle is for drinks along the way. Make sure you do not bring any glass containers. Drinking water: Do not drink unflowing water, except after boiling. River water flowing from the forest, upstream in the mountains, and far from pollution is safe to drink directly. Water is best boiled or use water-sterilizing tablet. You need to drink adequate water as your body keeps loosing water as you move about.

Figure 12 Mess tin

Figure 13 Drinking bottle

Figure 14 Gas stoke/ Bunsen burner

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Survival items:
They are to be used if you get lost from residential areas. They are fine salt, fishing hook and string, matches, candles, mirror, plastic and its rubber string, trap string, needle & thread and medical supplies. Health and personal hygiene: Wash your hand before touching any food or use a clean spoon. Cut your fingernails if long. During camping, use slippers to walk. Do not wear wet clothes. Make sure you take anti-malaria pills before venturing into the forest or remote area. Get enough rest and sleep. Do some light exercise once you are up in the morning. Bowel disposal: Bowel disposal is always a problem during camping. The problem can be solved if you follow the instructions and regulations. For bowel disposal, it is best to dig a hole, meter deep, meter x meter wide (the size of the hole depends on the number of participants.). The wall can be made of cloth or leaves. It is best to cover with some sand after each use. It is even better to use a chemical in the hole. If camping alone, this is not a problem. You can dig a hole yourself by 15 cm deep. Make sure the hole is covered back when leaving the camping area. Make sure the followings are observed strictly:

Do not dispose your waste near the camping spot. Make a distance of at least 100 meters away. Do not dispose your waste near a water source. Distance a 100 meters away. If near a river, do it at the downstream. Do not dispose your waste near tracks. Distance 100 meters away. Do not waste in the water. Garbage disposal: Garbage is the main factor dirtying a camp site. When planning for camping, plan less food that causes much garbage. Do not dispose garbage like food scraps or food everywhere. This can cause bad smell and attract flies. Dig a hole and dispose the garbage in it. The distance between the hole and the tent must be 10 meters away and the hole must be covered when camping is over. Empty cans must be buried or taken back along for proper disposal. Avoid fires, if need, make it as minimum as possible. After that, we selected the committees for our camping. There were a few departments to select, which are Logistic, Food and Beverage, Safety, Religion and Games and Activities.

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6TH LECTURE DAY/ DATE: SATURDAY (24TH NOVEMBER 2012) TIME: 0900-1100 VENUE: LR07, BLOCK N Climbing rope:
During hiking and climbing, we will face very high slopes and cross-rivers with strong current or face emergencies. To those experienced, all that may not be a problem. For a leader leading a group of inexperienced people, safety procedures are important. From the discussion and practice below, you may learn how to identify and use the climbing rope. The use of the rope is for security to protect the user, either a mountain climber or hillwalker. For mountain climber, the rope is used, at least during the down climb. When it comes to high slopes, rope is the most important tool. There are many types of ropes: Nylon/polyamide or Perlon Hawser laid Kermantle Normally the size of the rope is ascertained by its diameter. A rope of diameter size 7mm and below is not recommended because of difficult handling. Make sure the rope used has been tested as certified by Union International des Association dAlpinisme (U.I.A.A.).

ROPE Nylon

DESCCRIPTION Generally, it is light and is not water absorbent, but it as stretchability and this rope has a low melting point. It can heat up quickly and break with resistance. This is extremely extremely dangerous if you are taking a group through high slopes.

FIGURE

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Hawser laid

It is known as belati or manila. Generally, in Malaysia, the market for this rope is limited to the big diameter. This is difficult to carry in high slopes. This rope is also water absorbent. Normally, it will become heavy when soaked in water and this makes your journey difficult. This rope is also rough and if you use Figure of Eight on this rope that has contacted sand, a big resistance will occur which will destroy the Figure of Eight.

Kermantle

It is known as the break through rope for climbers. In German, Ker means external and mantle means Fibre stripe. This characteristic protects the climber from pressure and knotting. Kermantle also has the abrasion resistance. It is also water resistance. It is easy to carry. The standard size for climbing purpose is between 45m to 50m with a diameter of 9mm to 11mm. 1. Dynamic rope The important characteristic of this rope is it has energy absorption capacity which gives stretchability against weight (if falls). 2. Static rope Its low stretching coefficient, they are unable to absorb energy and therefore not suitable for abseiling/ rappelling activities. *How to differentiate dynamic and static rope? Dynamic rope usually has brighter colour than static rope. Static rope Dynamic rope.

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 This rope needs to achieve the strength limit as set by the Union International des Association dAlpinisme (U.I.A.A.). Size chart and strength: 1. 9mm (1452kg) 2. 11mm (2268kg)

Knot:
KNOT Bowline DESCCRIPTION Bowline is used to tie objects, people, or animals when reliability is important. The bowline is good knot to tie to a person in a rescue situation as it will not strangle. It is the only safe knot to use if you are tying a rope around the neck of an animal. Note that a bowline may slip slightly and it should always be finished off with a thumb knot when it is tied to a person. This knot is one of the most fundamental knots and forms the basis of many others including the simple noose, overhand loop, anglers loop, fishermans knot and water knot. The overhand knot is very secure, to the point of jamming badly. It should be used if the knot is intended to be permanent. It is often used to prevent the end of the rope from unraveling. It is a strong and easy to detach anchor knot that can be used at the end or in the middle point of the rope. FIGURE

Thumb knot

Clove hitch

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Double fisherman knot

This knot is a strong and useful knot for creating slings or joining ropes.

Extra Knot:

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Food:
Food must be based on the following criteria: Time Nutritious Cost/ budget Weight Suitable

Figure 15 Canned foods.

Food for camping must be fast and easy to prepare but it does not mean that camping food should not be emphasized. Food should be like daily fresh food, nutritious, easy to digest and contains sufficient vitamins and proteins. This is essential because a lot more energy is used compared to usual. Even though many thinks that you tend to eat less during camping. It is actually the other way round that you need to consume more than usual. So, it is good to plan carefully before going out camping. One suitable way is to prepare an eating schedule. With this schedule, you can decide the type of food for every meal. This will save time and cost. Food like fish, meat and vegetables are nutritious but cannot last long if not refrigerated. So, an alternative is to use dry and fast food. Even though they are dry, the nutrition are maintained. Furthermore, food should be easy to carry and can last for certain periods. As mentioned above, whatever food you choose, it must be fast and easy to prepare. However, the food must be good to eat and contain all the nutrition and vitamins needed. Wet food like meat, fish and vegetables are nutritious but cannot last long if not refrigerated. An alternative is to bring dry and fast foods. Eve though they are dry and fast to prepare, the nutrition and vitamins are maintained. Apart from being easy to prepare, food for camping must be easy to carry and can last for certain period. Currently there is a lot of fast food like soup, mee, rice, and porridge. Food like dried vegetables and fruits are also available. Dishes like meat, fish, squid, and prawns, cooked in various recipes are available and can be used for this type of activities. These foods are good for such activities because it gives you convenience and variety. This means you can eat whatever you want. You only need to consider the quantity and your ability to eat. You can also prepare at home meat

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and fish serunding which are good to eat and easy to bring for camping and durable activities. Food distribution: When camping in group, food distribution is important. Make sure every member has equal share. Every participant must bring complete food, not just one type. This will ensure that you can still maintain a balance diet should something unexpected happen.
Figure 16 Food distribution

Outcomes:
Some of the achievements enjoyed by an individual after performing physical recreational activities are: Happiness and fun- Through past experience, one can feel the joy and that those experiences enriches oneself. Satisfaction- After feeling the joy and fun, one will feel satisfied and have the sense of being appreciated by others. Balance- One needs something in between outside pressure and inside needs. If not, one may feel stress and internal conflict may occur. This balance can be achieved by involving in physical recreational activities. Creativity- Outdoor activities enables ones physical to produce creativity. Character building- Recreation can build characters, such as give and take, co-operation, kindness, responsibility, manners and others that can build emotion balance. Contests- Participation in outdoor activities gives opportunities to show ones talents either compared to others or to compare to ones previous abilities. Learning- One can learn a lot of new things and widens one thinking abilities through outdoor activities. Freedom- Physical recreational activities enable one to feel the freedom which is so valuable personally. Physical coordination- The physical may be developed. Social relation and leadership- From physical recreation, better social relationship can be build and maintained.

Conclusion:
To entitle for a level certificate in outdoor recreation, one need at least 30 to 40 hours of camping practical, lectures and programs. This certificate enable us to participate in any
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activities organized by Ministry of Youth & Sports, or any other organization that being recognized to further higher level. One can further their levels in outdoor camping activities through obtaining level II certificates and then level III certificates. With the obtaining level III certificate, one is acknowledge the leader in outdoor recreation.

Camping Record
Organization Chart My Group Member Composite Map Equipment List (group) Equipment List (individual) Food List Menu Account Balance Rules and Regulations Camping Journal What I had learnt throughout this course?

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Organization Chart

LECTURER MR. ROSLI

CAPTAIN JOSHUA TEOH HEIN YIK

VICE-CAPTAIN YEO CHUI PING

TREASURER TING NGUONG SENG

LOGISTIC DEPARTMENT 1. CRISPIN JEE CHEN HUNG (POKOK) 2. JOSH WONG SHAO ZHE (SORA) 3. TAN CHEE HUAT (LUCKY 7) 4. AWAB MOHAMED (LIONS)

FOOD AND BEVERAGE DEPARTMENT 1. CHAN SIN WEI (SHIN CHAN) 2. LEOW WEI QIN (SEXY FREE AND SINGLE)

RELIGION DEPARTMENT LOH CHUN LIANG (TEAM A)

3. LEOW WEI NENG (BONJOUR)

SAFETY AND MEDICAL DEPARTMENT 1. KEVIN KAN SHIU KWANG (MAYDAY) 2. GADIS VIKHA NATARI (WAKAWAKA)

GAMES AND ACTIVITY DEPARTMENT WONG KENG MUN (ALPHA)

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My Group Members

Department: FOOD AND BEVERAGE Group Name: Shin Chan

Members:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Chan Sin Wei (LEADER) Cheah Zi Chian Eileen Wong Wee Chin Josephine Kok Chin Hui Ngui Jia Qi Wong Lee Hong Yew Lih Chi

16173 16632 16117 16201 16549 16119 16580

Chemical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Chemical Engineering Petroleum Geoscience Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering

Composite Map

BUKIT LARUT (MAXWELL HILL)

Tronoh (Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS)

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Equipment List (Group)

1. Big stove 2. Cylindrical gas tong (14kg) 3. Hose clip 4. Hose 5. Gas lamp 6. Big pot 7. Kuali 8. Spatula 9. Mess tin(set) 10.Tent 11.Ground sheet 12.Kettle 13.First aid kit 14.Pan 15.Gas stove 16.Cup x2 x1 x2 x1 x14 x1 x2 x2 x72 x18 x2 x4 x1 x2 x14 x72

Equipment List (Individual) :

1. Socks 2. Slipper 3. Water Bottle (2Litres) 4. Long Pants 5. Short Pants 6. Short Sleeve Clothes 7. Spoon + Fork 8. Towel 9. Toiletries 10. Torchlight + Batteries 11. Plastic Bags 12. Notebook + Stationeries x1 x1 x1 x1 x1 x3 x1set x1 x1 x1 x5 x1set

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Food List (Group)

1. Makmur baked beans 2. Yeo's kaya 3. Rex Sardine 4. Planta butter (1kg) 5. Potato (5kg) 6. Onion (5kg) 7. Garlic (300g) 8. LKK kicap 9. Sugar (1kg) 10. Fine salt 11. Boh Teabag (100s) 12. Boh teabag (25's) 13. Curry chicken 14. Eggs (30s) 15. Gardenia bread (RM0.70) 16. Bread loaf 17. Tesco Biscuit 18. Oil (2kg) 19. Rice (10kg) 20. Cabbage 21. Carrot 22. Chilli (500g) 23. Ajinomoto 24. Pepper 25. Cucumber 26. Vinegar x20 tins x5 tins x20 tins x1 tin x1box x1 bag x1 x1 bottle x2 packs x2 packs x2 boxes x1 boxes x20 tins x9 trays x100 x14pack x4 tins x1 bottle x2 packs x6 x1 bag x1 x3 packs x1 bottle x2 bags x1 bottle

Menu
8th December 2012 (Saturday) 1. Tea Break - biscuit and tea 2. Dinner - curry chicken & potato, cabbage and carrot, fried egg with onion 3. Supper- Biscuit and bread 9th December 2012 (Sunday) 1. Breakfast- baked bean with eggs, sardine, azar (cucumber +carrot), and tea 2. Lunch- bread with kaya and margarine, 2 boiled eggs

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Account Balance
Serial No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Particulars CAPITAL Sugar Makmur Baked Beans Rex Sardin Planta Yeos Kaya Big Onions Potatoes Garlic 100s Boh Teabags 25s Boh Teabags Ajinomoto Salt Pepper Soy sauce Red chilli KOBIS BULA LOBAK MERAH TIMUN TAMIN CUKA Chicken eggs YEOS CURRY CHICKEN HIGH 5 RSPRESSO ROLL HIGH 5 CHOC CRM ROLL GARDENIA CHOC ROLL HIGH 5 B/BERRY ROLL HIGH 5 VANILLA ROLL GARDENIA BONANZA Biscuits (800 g) TV T/TOLL NEPTUNE M. RRS NAS ST Washing detergents KEN SPONGE SULFUR Paper cups Souvenirs (Pen) Plastic Bags Car fuel claim PAYBACK (EXTRA MONEY COLLEDTED) TOTAL Quantity 71 students 2 bags (1 kg) 20 tins 20 tins 1 tin (1 kg) 5 tins 1 bag 1 bag 300 g 2 boxes 1 box 3 bags 2 bags 1 bottle 1 box 1 bag 6 bags 1 bag 2 bags 1 bottle 270 20 cans 10 10 40 20 20 14 4 tins 1 1 2 2 2 8 bags 3 bags 2 3 sets 71 students Debit (RM) 5.00 36.00 70.00 12.00 21.00 7.00 8.00 2.00 24.00 3.60 3.00 0.80 SPONSOR 4.00 2.30 22.50 3.80 3.85 1.80 89.90 111.80 7.00 7.00 28.00 14.00 14.00 46.90 35.60 12.00 7.20 34.00 8.30 5.80 16.00 14.55 18.00 8.50 43.40 667.4 1420.00 1420.00 Credit (RM) 1420.00

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Rules and Regulations

A. General Rules and Regulations 1. Students must abide by the Laws of Malaysia and all rules and regulations of Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS. Specifically, students should ensure that the universitys reputation is noble. 2. Arrangement or instruction as given by the teacher, Mr. Rosli following by the class leader should be accepted. In case of confusion, their final decisions shall be referred. 3. Cleanliness of the camping site should be prioritized. All domestic wastes or rubbish should be wrapped up properly and placed into designated litterbin. Cleanliness of the camping place particularly praying area, washroom, dining hall and cooking area must be preserved. 4. Smoking is austerely prohibited at the camping site. If caught, penalty will be addressed. 5. All students must not stay in the opposite genders tent area throughout the camping period. Other restricted areas should be noticed too. If caught, penalty will be addressed. 6. Students must participate in all the activities planned. For those who have health problem(s) should quickly report to the teacher. Permission should be obtained before aborting from an activity. 7. Once the teacher or the group leader calls for an assembly, all students must gather quickly. During any assembly before and after an activity, group leaders or representatives must ensure the attendance of all members is full. For those who are absent, group leaders should inform the reason. 8. Students are responsible to take care of their personal properties. The university will not be liable for any damages or loss to the properties. 9. Should there be any enquiry or help required, kindly refer to your respective group leaders first. Similarly, group leaders are responsible towards their group members. 10. The rules and regulations are subjected to changes or additions whenever necessary. B. Specific Rules and Regulations: Safety 1. All students must consider safety as the main concern in any activity. Unnecessary horseplay or irresponsible action towards self and others safety should be avoided. 2. Whistle must be brought at any time. Please do not blow the whistle unless an emergency occurs. Please treat this as a serious matter as the situation is critical during an emergency. 3. In case of emergency, students must be calm and follow the instructions given by the teacher and the class leader. Meanwhile, injuries should be reported as quickly as possible.
4.

During bed time, all students must stay in the tents except when going to washroom. Sentries have the responsibility and authority to ensure all students comply with this rule.
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Camping Journal DAY/ DATE: SATURDAY-SUNDAY (8TH-9TH DECEMBER 2012) VENUE: BUKIT LARUT, TAIPING

DATE / TIME 8th December 2012 (SATURDAY) 9.00am 9.45am

ACTIVITY We gathered at V2 maintenance office which is also known as bus station. Attendances were taken by the Captain and Vice-Captain. There were 71 of us, 46 males and 25 females. Members from Logistics department took cooking utensils and tents at V6 store room before depart to the destination, Bukit Larut, Taiping. We were given rules and regulations sheet during the journey. We reached Perhentian Sungai Perak. Bus driver refill petrol. We were given a time of 30 minutes to have lunch. Continue the journey to Bukit Larut, Taiping. Reached the camping spot, Bukit Larut, Taiping safely. We unload the things out from the bus. Waiver form were filled and submitted. The muslims had their prayers before the briefing. Mr. Rosli briefed us about the camping details including the border line between boys and girls, times for meals, knot test, role of each department, night guard, night safari visit and jungle trekking. Tents were built up. We move all the belongings into the tent as the hut was the venue for knot test. Group leaders had a small meeting and got sequence for knot test. Everyone was practicing on the knots test. Knot test started. As I was in the Food and Beverage Department (F&B) and my group were the 10th group to be tested on knot test, my friends and I started preparing the tea time. We cleaned the kitchen, set up the gas stokes, and arranged the groceries in a good manner. We boiled water and made tea for the tea-time of the day. Knot test was carried on. Members from House, Safety and Environment (HSE) poured sulphur around the tents to avoid attacking of snakes. We prepared some the ingredients for dinner: cabbages, carrot, onion and etc. Meanwhile, some people had their rest time and some proposed a childhood game that is Bingo to spend free time. Tea time was served with tea and a pack of biscuit. To ensure fairness, few members from F&B distributed the food to the participants. Due to lack of experiences, the tea was a bit tasteless. Yet, it drenched our thirst. Everyone washed their own glass after drinking. The muslims had their prayers.
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11.30am 12.00pm 12.50pm

2.00pm 2.15pm 2.30pm

3.15pm

4.00pm

4.30pm

6.00pm

7.15pm

8.30pm

9.00pm

10.00pm 9th December 2012 (SUNDAY) 12.00am 12.40am

Knot test was carried on. F&B started cooking although it was raining at that time. We divided the works: cooking rice by using mini rice cookers, frying eggs with onions, frying cabbages, cutting potatoes, and opening canned curry chicken and etc. Knot test and F&B were carried on. Some people had their shower. Members from Logistics Department washed the mess tins. Captain distributed mess tin to every group leaders. Dinner was served. As usual, few members from F&B distributed the food to the participants. Menu of the day was fried eggs with onions, cabbages with carrot, curry chicken and potatoes. Coincidentally, at that time my group were having knot test. Luckily the food we prepared was sufficient; we had our dinner around 8.00pm. The muslims had their prayers around that time too. Everyone lined-up according to their respective group. We were given a short brief before going to the night safari at Taiping Zoo. Head count was made before we depart. It took approximately 30 minutes walking from camp site to the zoo. Each group leader collected money for night safari entrance ticket from their group members. While the captain lining up to buy the tickets, some of us bought food and drinks at the nearby stall and snapping pictures around the stage. After a long queue, we decided to walk instead of riding train to visit the night safari (save time). We were told to gather at the main entrance by 12am. Everyone gathered at the main entrance. After head count, we backed to our camp site.

2.30am 5.30am

7.30am

Arrived at camp site. Supper was prepared but everyone seemed tired. We took turn to shower and off to bed. There were 2 groups members did their rope test at that time due to running out of time in the evening. Group who responsible for night guard stayed awake to guard the camp site. Sleep. Awaked. We started preparing the breakfast. Mr. Rosli requested us to have high calories breakfast as we will be having vigorous exercise in the morning. Hence, we swapped the menu for breakfast with lunch. We started cooking sardine fish, baked beans with eggs and azar (cucumber mixed with carrot in vinegar). Work divisions were done successfully. There were people slicing onions, chopping cucumber, opening can food (sardine and baked beans), cooking baked beans and etc. Breakfast was served. As usual, few members from F&B distributed the food to the participants. Menu: rice, sardine fish, baked bean with eggs, azar and tea. There were still some left
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8.15am

8.30am 9.30am

10.25am 11.50am

12.30pm

1.15pm

1.30pm

2.30pm

2.45pm 4.30pm

dishes, perhaps we are not used to have heavy meal in the morning. Preparation for jungle trekking was done. Sufficient water and food were brought along. Warming up was done before we proceeded to jungle trekking to avoid unwanted accident. Briefing was given by Mr. Rosli before the jungle trekking. The head of HSE was moving in the middle of the group (standby anytime). Jungle trekking started. After 3km of jungle trekking, we reached Point 2A. Due to one of the participants had muscle cramp during the jungle trekking, our group was separated into 2 groups: one leading while another one lagging. Fortunately, there were kind passer-by leads the lagging group in the jungle. We had rest at there. After having rest, some participants continued walking to Tea Garden (another 3km) while some decided to return. I decided to continue the climbing. We finally reached the half of the mountain, Tea Garden. We felt satisfactory after went through many curves and slopes uphill. We enjoyed the view and weather there. We had photo session at there as well. Way back to camp site. It was the most memorable and enjoying moment for me. Listening to songs and chit-chatting with friends as walking down as less energy consumed less if compare to climbing. Arrived at camp site. We were assigned to move our belongings out from the tent so that the logistics members can keep the tents. As if raining, we need to dry the tent by ourselves which is extra jobs for us. We started spreading the breads with planta butter and kaya for lunch. We boiled water for the hard boiled eggs and tea. Some people are too hungry after the climbing; they straight away ate the leftover rice. Some went to bath to get themselves refresh. Lunch was served. Everyone was given 2 hard-boiled eggs, 4 slices of breads and a cup of tea. At the meantime, we took turn to shower. Cleaning of kitchen was carrying out at the same time too. Closing ceremony. Mr. Rosli gave his speech. He reminded us on the next lecture and the logbook submission. Handling of souvenirs had done too. Logistic members load all the things we brought on bus. We left the camp site. Buns were distributing in the bus. We had our rest. We reached UTP safely. Everyone backed to their respective hostel.

Lecture + Camping = Total Hours:

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12 hours + 28 Hours = 40 Hours

What I had learnt throughout this course?

Through lectures, we were exposed to the fundamentals and theories on recreation and adventure including food. Through the camping on 8th and 9th December at Bukit Larut, Taiping, we develop leadership skill and teamwork spirit. As I was in Food and Beverage Department, we brainstormed on the menus and bought the ingredients together before the camping. During the camping, we successfully had equal and just work divisions among the members. We had great communication among members and we achieved cooperation. I build up our fitness too when jungle trekking at Bukit Larut, Taiping. We help each other during the journey. We had real and practical experiences, but not just the theoretical lectures. I had fun and joy throughout the whole course. I get along with new friends and learn something that is non-academic which broaden my knowledge.

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Pictures

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