Discussion Section# __________ Last Name, First Initial: __________________________________ Dr.

Morrills Discussion Section Study Guide For Exam One 1. According to Dr. Ryujin, the discipline of psychology developed from the disciplines of ________________________ and ______________________. 2. _____________________, the founder of modern psychology, used the technique of ______________________ to study the human mind; but ______________________ believed that this was too subjective and unscientific and insisted on the strategy of ____________________, _______________________, and _______________________. 3. The ___________________ science of psychology emphasized gaining knowledge for knowledge sake, whereas the ____________________ science puts that knowledge to work in the real world. 4. The factor that a psychologist manipulates to demonstrate an experimental effect is called the _________________________ variable, whereas the factor being influenced or measured is called the ____________________variable. 5. A researcher found a correlation of r (100)= -.55, p < .01, between depression and optimism. The p value indicates that this result is ______________________ ___________________, while the r value shows a _________________ correlation that indicates that when optimism is low, depression tends to be __________________. 6. A ______________________ psychologist helps people with mental and emotional disorders; a _________________ psychologist helps people with common everyday problems, and a ____________________ psychologist studies group behavior. 7. According to Dr. Ryujin, racism and sexism involve ____________________ behavior, whereas prejudice also involves __________________ emotion or attitude. 8. When a person downplays his or her own personal defects and blames the situation for his or her own behavior, this is called the __________________-____________________ bias. 9. The _________________ effect is used by market researchers to manipulate desire for products by repeatedly exposing consumers to the product through advertisement. The ____________________ effect is often used by politicians to alter peoples beliefs in an idea by simply repeating the idea over and over. 10. According to Dr. Nelson, _______________________, ____________________________, and __________________________ are common instigating causes of war.

11. The ___________________ are finger like receptors on the neuron which receive the _____________________________ (chemical messengers) from the preceding neuron, whereas the

____________________ _____________________ are the ends of the neuron that contain and release the chemical messengers into the synaptic gap. 12. The _________________________ division of the peripheral nervous system directs the actions of the bodys internal organs and is further divided into the _______________________ division responsible for the fight or flight response and the __________________ division that helps the system return to normal when the threat is gone. 13. The left hemisphere of the brain tends to responsible for ____________________ functions and directing the _______________________ side of the body, whereas the right hemisphere tends to direct ________________________ activities and directs the ______________________ side of the body. 14. According to Dr. Laver, the _______________________________ are parts of the brain that allow different areas of the brain to communicate with each so that the brain can act as an integrated unit. In particular, the ________________________ _______________________ is a major set of fibers that allow the two cerebral hemispheres to communicate. 15. According to Dr. Laver, ___________________ area is located in the left ________________ lobe and is responsible for the production of speech, whereas ____________________ area is located in the left __________________ lobe and is responsible for the comprehension of language. 16. According to Dr. Ryujin, ______________________ misused tests designed to detect low academic ability and used the results to discriminate against immigrants, saying that the tests measured ___________________. Dr. Ryujin said that minorities (of any culture) tend to score ___________ points below average on these tests and that this group difference is due to ____________________ factors. 17. According to Dr. Ryujin, ____________________ ____________________ can cause ____________________________ to perform poorly on tests due to expectations, but that this was reversed in African Americans recently with the ______________________ effect. 18. A _______________________ is a formula which a person follows to obtain a desired outcome and a _________________ is a rule of thumb which can be used to guide behavior; but a ____________ _______________ is a way of thinking that prevents a person from seeing an alternative solution that might be helpful. 19. The reasoning that since all humans are mortal, Sally is a human, therefore, Sally must be mortal is called ________________________ reasoning; the reasoning that since the sun rose yesterday, the sun rose the day before, therefore the sun will most likely rise tomorrow is called __________________ reasoning; and the type of reasoning that looks at both sides of an argument and synthesizes the information to come to a conclusion is called __________________________ reasoning. 20. When a person understands how to change his or her behavior to meet the demands of the changing environment, the person is said to have ________________________ intelligence; whereas ______________________ intelligence allows a person to transfer existing skills to a new situation.