BA501 Engineering Mathematics4

Chapter 6Conics

At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:

Analyze circle Determine the equation of a circle in: a) standard form b) general form Determine the equation of normal line and tangent line to the circle Analyze parabolas Define the characteristics of a parabola: a. Focus point b. Minor axis length c. Major axis length d. Directrix e. Vertex Find the equation of a parabola and sketch the parabola.

Analyze ellipse Define the characteristics of an Ellipse: a. Focus point b. Minor axis length c. Major axis length d. Vertex e. Eccentricity Find the equation of an ellipse and sketch the ellipse.

Analyze hyperbola Define the characteristics of a hyperbola: a. Focus point b. Minor axis length c. Major axis length d. Vertex e. Eccentricity Find the equation of a hyperbola and sketch the hyperbola.

JMSK, PUO

Page183

BA501 Engineering Mathematics4 6.1 Circle

Chapter 6Conics

A circle is defined as the set of points which are at a constantdistance from a fixed point. The fixed point C is the centre and the constant distance r is the radius (see Figure 6.1)
P(x,y) r C(h,k)

Figure 6.1 Exercise 1 Sketch the graph of the following.

a)

b)

JMSK, PUO

Page184

BA501 Engineering Mathematics4 6.1.1 Equation of a Circle in Standard Form . The equation of a circle with centre (h, k) and radius r is

Chapter 6Conics

It is also known as the standard form for the equation of a circle. In particular, if the centre is the origin the equation is

Example 6.1 Find the equation of the circle with a) Centre Solution Use distance formula, , radius

b) Centre Solution:

radius 5

Use distance formula,

JMSK, PUO

Page185

BA501 Engineering Mathematics4 Example 6.2 Find the equation of the circle whose centre at Solution: y

Chapter 6Conics

and touches the x-axis.

x T

Figure 6.2 The radius is indirectly obtained by joining the thecentre to the point of contact T. Since the line is parallel to the y-axis then the radius is of equal value of y component. Thus, the radius of the circle is 5. The Equation of the circle is

JMSK, PUO

Page186

BA501 Engineering Mathematics4 Example 6.3 Find the equation of the circle whose centre . Solution: The radius can be obtained by using this formula,

Chapter 6Conics

and touches the line of

So,

The equation of the circle is,

JMSK, PUO

Page187

BA501 Engineering Mathematics4 Example 6.4

Chapter 6Conics

Find the equation of the circle whose diameter is the line joining the points A(1, 3) and B (-2, 1). Solution:
P (x,y) B (-2, 1) A (1, 3)

Figure 6.3 ABP is a right-angled triangle whereAPB = Thus, ( )( )

)(

JMSK, PUO

Page188

BA501 Engineering Mathematics4 Exercise 2 Find the equation of the circle.

Chapter 6Conics

1. Centre (4, -3), radius 5

3. Centre (4, -1) and touches the y-axis

JMSK, PUO

Page189

BA501 Engineering Mathematics4

Chapter 6Conics

2. Centre (4, -7) and touches the line of

4. The diameter is the line joining the points A (3,2 ) and B(8, 4)

JMSK, PUO

Page190

BA501 Engineering Mathematics4

Chapter 6Conics

6.1.2 Equation of a Circle in General Form. The general equation of a circle i (-g, -f) and radius s with the centre at

Example 6.5 Find the centre and radius of the circle Solution: Compare with the general equation

So, 2g = -5 g= f=

2f = 1

c = -3

Centre = (-g, -f) =

radius = =

JMSK, PUO

Page191

BA501 Engineering Mathematics4

Chapter 6Conics

Example 6.6 Find the centre and radius of the circle Solution: Compare with the general equation [ * + ]
The coefficient of and is not equal to 1, so we have to divide by 3

So,

2g = -2

2f = 3 f=

c=

g = -1

centre = (-g, -f) = (1,

radius = =

JMSK, PUO

Page192

BA501 Engineering Mathematics4

Chapter 6Conics

Exercise 3 Find the centre and radius of each of the following circles.

1.

2.

JMSK, PUO

Page193

BA501 Engineering Mathematics4

Chapter 6Conics

6.1.3

The Equation of Normal Line and Tangent Line to the Circle The equation of normal line and tangent line to the circle can be obtained by using the following formula.

Tangent line:

Normal line

Example 6.7 Find the equation of the tangent and normal line to the circle at the point (-2, 5) Solution: Step 1 Find the value of g and f [ ]

Compare with the general equation

So, g=

2g =

2f = f=-

JMSK, PUO

Page194

BA501 Engineering Mathematics4

Chapter 6Conics

Step 2 Find the tangent line

( (

) )

Step 3 Find the normal line

( (

) )

JMSK, PUO

Page195

BA501 Engineering Mathematics4

Chapter 6Conics

Example 6.8 Find the length of the tangents from the point (5, -2) to the circle Solution: Step 1- Find g, f, and c By comparing the equation with the general equation, we know that, 2g = 2, g=1 2f = -3 f= c=0

Step 2 Find the length of the tangent

Where,

PT = length of the tangent CT = radius PC = length from C to P

So, = = = unit ( )

JMSK, PUO

Page196

BA501 Engineering Mathematics4

Chapter 6Conics

Exercise 4 Find the equation of tangent and normal line to the circle.

1.

, (1, 2)

JMSK, PUO

Page197

BA501 Engineering Mathematics4

Chapter 6Conics

2.

JMSK, PUO

Page198

BA501 Engineering Mathematics4 Exercise 5 Find the length of the tangents.

Chapter 6Conics

1.

, (5, 6)

2.

, (6, 8)

JMSK, PUO Page199

BA501 Engineering Mathematics4

Chapter 6Conics

Example 6.9 Find the equation of the circle that intercept to the circle of at point (4, 1) Solution: Step 1 Find the value of and

48 = 4

1 12

Step 2 Substitute =

1 into equation; 12

x 2 y 2 6x y 4 +

1 ( x 2 y 2 7 x 4 y 1) 0 12

12( x 2 y 2 6 x y 4 ) + ( x 2 y 2 7 x 4 y 1) 0
13 x 2 13 y 2 65 x 8 y 47 0

x2 y2

65 8 47 x y 0 13 13 13

JMSK, PUO

Page200

BA501 Engineering Mathematics4

Chapter 6Conics

Exercise 6

Find the equation of the circle that intercept to the x 2 y 2 7 x 2 y 7 0 and

x 2 y 2 3 x 2 y 1 0 at point (1, 2).

JMSK, PUO

Page201