Samarium

Samarium is a bright silvery white metal and is one of the rare earth metals. Samarium is stable in air at normal temperatures, but ignites in air when the temperature is 150oC or higher. Uses: Samarium's main use is in samarium-cobalt alloy magnets in headphones and small motors. These magnets have a high resistance to demagnetization. Samarium oxide (samaria) is used as catalyst for the dehydration and dehydrogenation of ethanol. Radioactive samarium,153Sm, is used in the treatment of cancers. Samarium is also used as an absorber in nuclear reactors. Samarium also finds application in ceramic condensers and masers. Masers are devices or objects that release consistent microwave radiation created by the natural changes of energy from maximum to minimum of atoms or molecules between energy levels.

Gadolinium Gadolinium Metalis ferromagnetic, ductile and malleable metal, and widely used for making speciality alloys, MRI(magnetic Resonance Imaging), superconductive materials and magnetic refrigerator. Gadolinium Metal can be further processed to various shapes of ingots, pieces, wires, foils, slabs, rods, discs and powder. Gadolinium Oxide, also called Gadolinia, is used for making optical glass and gadolinium yttrium garnets which have microwave applications. High purity of Gadolinium Oxide is used for making phosphors for colour TV tube. Gadolinium Oxide, Gd2O3 Gd2O3 (3N), 99.9% Gd2O3 (4N), 99.99% Gd2O3 (5N), 99.999% CAS No.: 12064-62-9 Origin: Russian, China Purity: 99.99% - 99.999% Monthly supply: up to 20,000 Kg per month Delivery terms: FOB Russia, China or CIF ASWP. Appearance: White powder. Packaging: Usually packed in 40/50kg, bags lined with plastic, as well as according to customer's requirements. Applications Gadolinium oxide is used for: Phosphors for colour television tubes Optical glasses Absorption materials in atomic reactions Making gadolinium yttrium garnets which have microwave applications

Lanthanum Oxide La2O2 Name:lanthanum oxide

Molecular formula: La2O3 Molecular weight: 325.81 CAS NO. : 1312-81-8 Appearance: white powder, soluble in acid, moisture absorption properties, airtight preservation. Packing: Cardboard barrels packaging, 25, 50 kg/piece USES: used in the manufacture of catalysts, optical glass, magnetic materials, chemical reagents and other industrial.

Rare Earth Elements

A table listing the eighteen rare earth elements, their atomic number and symbol, along with their main usages is provided here. Some of the rare earths are named for the scientists who discovered or elucidated their elemental properties, and some for their geographical discovery.

Atomic Number 21

Symbol Name Sc Scandium

Selected applications Light aluminium-scandium alloy for aerospace components, additive in Mercury-vapor lamps.
[4]

Yttrium-aluminium garnet (YAG) laser, yttrium vanadate (YVO4) as host for 39 Y Yttrium europium In TV red phosphor YBCO high-temperature superconductors, yttrium iron garnet (YIG) microwave filters. 57 La Lanthanum
[4]

High refractive index glass, flint, hydrogen storage, battery-electrodes, camera lenses, fluid catalytic cracking catalyst for oil refineries Chemical oxidizing agent, polishing powder, yellow colors in glass and ceramics, catalyst for self-cleaning ovens, fluid catalytic cracking catalyst for oil refineries, ferrocerium flints for lighters Rare-earth magnets, lasers, core material for carbon arc lighting, colorant in

58

Ce

Cerium

59

Pr

Praseodymium glasses and enamels, additive in didymium glass used in welding goggles,
[4]

ferrocerium firesteel (flint) products.

60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
81

Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
ir

Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
Iridium

Rare-earth magnets, lasers, violet colors in glass and ceramics, ceramic capacitors Nuclear batteries Rare-earth magnets, lasers, neutron capture, masers Red and blue phosphors, lasers, mercury-vapor lamps, NMR relaxation agent Rare-earth magnets, high refractive index glass or garnets, lasers, X-ray tubes, computer memories, neutron capture, MRI contrast agent, NMR relaxation agent Green phosphors, lasers, fluorescent lamps Rare-earth magnets, lasers Lasers Lasers, vanadium steel Portable X-ray machines Infrared lasers, chemical reducing agent PET Scan detectors, high refractive index glass

Electronics-related applications

,as a hardening aent for alloys, Its resistance

to arc erosion makes iridium alloys ideal for electrical contacts for spark plugs