PIPELINE STRESS ANALYSIS REPORT

APPENDIX I

SOIL STIFFNESS AND SOIL RESISTANCE CALCULATIONS

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1.0

SOIL STIFFNESS AND SOIL RESISTANCE CALCULATIONS

The backfill soil (Dune sand) completely surrounds the buried pipe. The soil is assumed to be compacted using light mechanical equipment. The relative compaction in all directions can be considered as medium as per Table D-4 of Appendix-II at buried sections and medium to loose at sabkha areas. The soil stiffness and resistance values for sabkha area are calculated based on the cross section details shown in pipeline detail drawings. At buried sections, calculations are carried taking in to account the correct depth from the pipeline detail drawings. At Track and Road crossings,the effect of concrete slabs placed on top of pipe is not taken into account which is a conservative approach. At buried sections, calculation is explained for track crossing TX-3A and for the rest of the crossings, Excel table with appropriate formula fields are provided in the report. It may be noted that calculations are made for each of the track and road crossings. Calculations at Sabkha area and at buried sections are furnished in the ensuing clauses. The calculated values are tabulated at the end of this APPENDIX-I. All necessary parameters for calculations are consolidated in APPENDIX-II for easy reference. The Dune sand available at site is classified under Unified Soil Classification System as SC-SM-SP in Geo-Technical report No: 2197-9007; Appendix C1. For the design, Soil grade SW (Clean Sand) is used which is recommended at site and governing the design.

1.1

Transverse horizontal soil properties

Transverse resistance K1 K1 Z Ki = Z * Ki (Refer page 4 of APPENDIX = Burial depth from ground to center line of pipe = 25 lb/in3 for (Critical value for design selected)For bermed and bunded areas(sabkha) = 60 lb/in3 for below water (Critical value for design selected) = 90 lb/in3 for above water (Critical value for design selected) (only for TX45) Ultimate soil resistance to transverse pipe displacement P 1 P1
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= Soil stiffness parameter (Table D-6 of APPENDIX-II)

= Rs * d * Z * ' (Refer page 4 of APPENDIX-II)

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Rs ' d

= Transverse resistance coefficient derived from the H/d relationship (Table D-8 of APPENDIX-II) = effective unit weight of the soil = 110 Ib/ft3 (Table No C5 of geotechnical investigation report) = Outside diameter of pipe, m.

In Sabkha Area The pipeline in sabkha areas has a soil cover of 1 m from top of pipeline Therefore, Z = 1 + 0.162 = 1.162 m K1 = 1.162 m X (6785120 N/m3) = 7.88 x 106 N/m2 = 7.88 N/mm2 d = 0.324 m H = 1 + 0.324 = 1.324 m H/d = 4.086 Rs = 4.5 (from Table D-8) P1 =4.5 x 0.324 x 1.162 x 17276.8 = 29270.3 N/m At Track crossing TX-3A The pipeline at track crossing TX3A has a cover of 2.36 m from top. Therefore, Z = 2.36 + 0.162 = 2.522 m Ki = 16284300 N/m3 K1 = 2.522 m X (16284300 N/m3) = 41.07 x 106 N/m2 = 41.07 N/mm2 d = 0.324 m H = 2.36 + 0.324= 2.684 m Rs = 10 (from Table D-8) P1 =10 x 0.324 x 2.522 x 17276.8 = 141173.57 N/m
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H/d = 8.28

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Longitudinal soil properties Ultimate soil resistance to longitudinal pipe displacement P1 P1 = . d. Ks. z. y. Tan K1 = 60. P1/d (Critical value selected) Ks = 0.25 for loose sand (Sabkha Area) = 0.5 for compacted backfill (Buried) = Angle of friction between soil and steel = 30 for clean sands Z ' d (From table D-10 of APPENDIX-II)

= Depth from ground surface to center of pipe. = Effective unit weight of soil. = Outside diameter of pipe, m.

In Sabkha Area P1 = x 0.324 m x 0.25 x 1.162 m x 17276.8 x tan 30 = 2949.47 N/m K1 = 60 x P1/d = 60 x 2.949 N/mm / 324 mm = 0.546 N/ mm2 At Track crossing TX3A Z = 2.522m P1 = x 0.324 m x 0.5 x 2.522 m x 17276.8 x tan 30 = 12803.03 N/m K1 = 60 x P1/d = 60 x 12.803 N/mm / 324 mm = 2.372 N/ mm2

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1.3

Vertical down soil properties Ultimate soil resistance to downward pipe displacement P1 P1 K1 SBC = d x SBC(Soil Bearing Capacity) = 10. P1/d (Critical value selected) = 100 kN/m2 assumed at the bedding of pipe, for sabkha = 150 kN/m2 assumed at the bedding of pipe, for buried sections. In Sabkha Area P1 = 0.324 x 100 x (1000 N/m) = 32400 N/m K1 = 10 x P1/d = 10 x 32.4 N/mm / 324 mm = 1.0 N/ mm2 At Track crossing TX3A P1 = 0.324 x 150 x (1000 N/m) = 48600 N/m K1 = 10 x P1/d = 10 x 48.6 N/mm / 324 mm = 1.5 N/ mm2

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1.4

Vertical up soil properties Ultimate soil resistance to upward pipe displacement P1 P1 = Ws + d. D. y1. Fq K1 = 100 P1 / D (Critical value selected) Fq D Ws y1 d In Sabkha Area D = 1m from the dwg No. 2197-3044 Sht. 1 of 1 D/d = 1 / 0.324 = 3.086 = Angle of internal friction of back fill = 35 for Soil grade (SW) (From table D-3 of APPENDIX-II) Fq = 2.7 (Refer Table D-15 of APPENDIX-II) Ws = 17276.8 x 0.324 m x 1 m = 5597.68 N/m Therefore, P1 = 5597.68 N/m + (0.324 m) (1 m) (17276.8) (2.7) = 20711.4 N/m K1 = 100. P1/D = 100 (20711.4) N/m / 1 m = 2.07x106 N/m2 = 2.07 N/mm2 = break out factor derived from D/d ratio (Refer Table D-15 of APPENDIX-II) = Depth from ground surface to top of pipe. = effective weight of soil wedge per unit length of pipe. = effective unit weight of the back fill. = outside diameter of pipe

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At Track crossing TX3A D = 2.36m from the dwg No. 2197-1210 Sht. 1 of 4

D/d = 2.36 / 0.324 = 7.284 = Angle of internal friction of back fill = 35 for Soil grade (SW) (From table D-3 of APPENDIX-II) Fq = 3.4 (Refer Table D-15 of APPENDIX-II) Ws = 17276.8 x 0.324 m x 2.36 m = 13210.53 N/m Therefore, P1 = 13210.53 N/m + (0.324 m) (2.36 m) (17276.8) (3.4) = 58126.34 N/m K1 = 100. P1/D
3 = 100 (58126.34) N/m / 2.36 m

= 2.46x106 N/m2 = 2.46 N/mm2 1.5 In Sabkha Area The table below summarizes the soil properties in the horizontal plane for 12 Pipeline.

Z (m)
Orientation

Ki
lb/ in3

H (m)

Rs

i lb/ in3

Ks

SBC KN /m2

D m

Fq

Ws N/m

K1
N/ mm2

P1
N/m

Transverse Horizontal Longitudinal Vertical down Vertical up

7.88 1.162 25 1.324 4.5 110 0.25 30 100 1 35 2.7 5597 0.546 1.0 2.07

29270.3 2949.47 32400 20711.4

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1.6 At Track crossing TX3A

Orientation

Z (m)

Ki
lb/ in3

H (m)

Rs

i lb/ in3

Ks

SBC KN /m2

D m

Fq

Ws N/m

K1
N/ mm2

P1
N/m

Transverse Horizontal Longitudinal Vertical down Vertical up

41.07 2.52 60 2.68 10 110 0.5 30 150 2.36 35 3.4 13210 2.37 1.5 2.46
Soil stiffness values for other track crossing and road crossing are tabulated in enclosed enclosed excel file.

141173.57 12803.04 48600 58126.4

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