CHAPTER #05

Factorization

Types of polynomial on the basis of Terms

Monomial (mono means one) is an expression that is a number, a variable, or a product of a number and one or more variables. Consequently, a monomial has no variable in its denominator. It has one term.. 13, 3x, -57, x2, 4y2, -2xy, or 520x2y2 (notice: no negative exponents, no fractional exponents) Binomial (bi means two) is the sum of two monomials. It has two unlike terms. 3x + 1, x2 4x, 2x + y, or y y2 Trinomial (tri implies three) is the sum of three monomials. It has three unlike terms. x2 + 2x + 1, 3x2 4x + 10, 2x + 3y + 2 Polynomial (poly implies many) is a monomial or the sum (+) or difference (-) of one or more terms. x2 + 2x, 3x3 + x2 + 5x + 6, 4x + 6y + 8 Note: Polynomials are generally written in descending order. Descending: 4x2 2x + 1 (exponents of variables decrease

from left to right)

Factorizing a Monomial from Polynomial

Greatest Common Factor (GCF) or Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) Find the GCF of the terms of: 4x3 + 12x2 8x List the prime factors of each term. 4x3 = 2 2 x x x 12x2 = 2 2 3 x x 8x = 2 2 2 x GCF = 2 2 x = 4x.
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Factoring a polynomial reverses the multiplication process. To factor a monomial from a polynomial, First find the greatest common factor (GCF) of its terms.

Conti
Example: Factorize 3x3 12x2 + 15x Step 1 Step 2 Find the GCF Factor out the GCF 3x3 = 3 x x x 3 12x2 + 15x 3x 12x2 = 2 2 3 x x 15x = 3 5 x GCF = 3 x = 3x

= 3x(x2) + 3x(-4x) + 3x(5) = 3x(x2 4x + 5)

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Use the GCF to factorize each polynomial. 1) 5v5 + 10v3 3) 3t2 18 5) 4b3 2b2 6b
3 12m2 24m ) 6m 2

4) 4x3 8x2 + 12x 6) 8x2 12x

7) 2x4 + 10x2 6x,

8) 3x2y + 6x2y2
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Factor by Grouping
If polynomials contain four terms, it sometimes easier

to group like terms in order to factorize. Our goal is to create a common factor. We can also move terms around in the polynomial to create a common factor. Practice makes you better in recognizing common factors.

Factoring Four Terms Polynomial

Example: FACTOR: 3xy - 21y + 5x 35 Solution: Factor the first two terms 3xy - 21y = 3y (x 7) Factor the last two terms + 5x - 35 = 5 (x 7) The green parentheses are the same so its the common factor Now you have a common factor 3y (x 7) + 5 (x 7)

= (x - 7) (3y + 5)

Factorize X2 + 4x + 3x + 12 X2 + 5x + 2x + 10 X2 + 2x + 4x + 8 X2 - x + 3x 3 X2 - 4x - 3x + 12 18x2 + 27xy + 12xy + 18y2 2x2 - 4xy + 8xy - 16y2 9x3 + 6x2 - 45x2 - 30x 6x3 + 9x2 - 2x2 - 3x

Factorizing trinomials
Now we will learn Trinomials! You will set up a table with the following information.
Product of the first and last coefficients Middle coefficient

The goal is to find two factors in the first column that add up to the middle term in the second column. Well work it out in the next few slides.

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Conti
Example: Factor

y2 + 6y + 8

M A

Create table.
Product of the first and last coefficients

Multiply +8

Add +6

Middle coefficient

Heres your task What numbers multiply to get +8 and add to get +6? If you can not figure it out right away, write the combinations. 11

 1)

Factor y2 + 6y + 8 Place the factors in the table.

Multiply +8
Which has a sum of +6?

Add +6

+1, +8 -1, -8 +2, +4 -2, -4

+9, NO -9, NO +6, YES!! -6, NO

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We are going to use these numbers in the next step!

CONTI

Factor y2 + 6y + 8

+2, +4 +6, YES!!

Replace the middle number of the trinomial with our working numbers from the table y2 + 6y + 8 y2 + 2y + 4y + 8 Now, group the first two terms and the last two terms.

Multiply +8

Add +6

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C ONTI
We have two groups!

(y2 + 2y) + (4y + 8)

Almost done! Find the GCF of each group and factor it out. y(y + 2) +4(y + 2) If the things are
Factors out are the GCFs. Write them in their own

(y + 4)(y + 2) Theres your answer(y + 4)(y + 2) You can check it by multiplying.

done right then the parenthesis should be the same

P # 272, Ex: 5.3 Assignment - III ( Q.1 To Q.62)

Factorize: 1) x2 3x + 2 3) x2 7x + 12 5) x2 + 6x + 8 7) x2 + 7x + 6 9) x2 + 7x + 12 11) x2 x 6 13) x2 6x + 9 15) x2 6x + 8
2) 2x2 12x + 10 4) 3x2 6x - 24 6) 5x2 + 20x + 15 8) 4x2 + 12x - 16 10) 2x2 14x + 24 12) 3y2 33y + 54 14) x3 3x2 - 18x 16) x3 + 11x2 - 42x
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Activities

Special Factoring formula

In this presentation we will be studying special factoring formulas for: A) The difference of two squares B) The sum or difference of two cubes. C) General Procedure to Factorize Polynomials

The Difference of Two Squares

x y x y x y
2 2
This side to be expand This side is factorized.

Note: The sum of two squares is not factorable.

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Factorize: 1) x2 4 3) x2 9 5) y2 25 7) z2 64 9) x2 49 11) x2 a2

2) 49m4 16n2 4) 2x4 50y2 6) 20x2 180 8) 4x3 xy2 10) 16x2 25y2 12) 27x4 3y2

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Example : 8 x 3 27
The following can be factored as the difference of two cubes:

a b a b a ab b
3 3 2

8x3 27 = (2x)3 (3)3, letting a = 2x and b = 3

2 x
8 x 3 27

33 2 x 3 4 x 2 6 x 9

Checking: Lets check with multiplication to see if the factors are correct:

2 x 34 x 2 6 x 9 8 x3 12 x 2 18 x 12 x 2 18 x 27

 Factorize 1) x3 + y3 3) x3 - y3 5) a3 - b3 7) a3 + b3 9) x3 + 8 11) x3 8 13) x3 27

2) 27 - 8y3 4) 27a3 - 64 6) 64 x3 8) 27y3 - 8 10) 1 + 27y3 12) 8x3 - 27y3 14) 64x3 - 27y3
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General Procedure to Factorize Polynomials

Factorize: 1) 2x2 2x 12

2) 3x2 9x 12
3) x2y 16y

4) 2x2 8
5) 3x2 9x 12x + 36

6) x2y + 2xy 6xy 12y

7) 2x3 - 16