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\
|
=
o
tu
u
o
t
Ar r
where A is an arbitrary constant and is related to the geometry.
What does this stream function represent? Sketch it.
(d) How does the speed in the corner depend on the ?
(20 marks)
QUESTION 3
(a) Consider a uniform flow U in the positive x-direction, with a point source of strength
Q situated at (x,y) = (a,0) and a point sink of strength Q at (-a,0).
(i) Find the location of any stagnation points in terms of Q, U and a.
(ii) Does this location change with the relative strength of U and Q? If yes,
discuss your result with the help of sketches of streamline patterns.
(10 marks)
PAGE 4 ME2135/ME2135E
___________________________________________________________________________________________
QUESTION 3 (continue)
(b) A vertical shaft carries a load of 320 kN on a thrust bearing consisting of 16 pivoted
plates, 70 mm by 200 mm, arranged with their long dimension radially from the shaft
and their plate centres on a circle of radius 0.30 m (similar to the sketch shown in
Figure 1 below). The shaft rotates at 120 rpm and the dynamic viscosity of the
lubricant is 0.1 Pa.s. If the plate takes the angle for maximum load (thrust) per unit
width, neglecting the effects of path curvature and radial lubricant flow, find:
(i) the clearance between the pivoted plate and the fixed plate, and
(ii) the total power loss in the bearing.
Note: For a given slider bearing of length L and inlet gap b
1
, the maximum thrust per
unit width is obtained when the inlet to exit clearance ratio b
1
/b
2
= 2.189, for which:
2
2
2
b
L
1602 . 0 F/w
U
= and
2
b
L
754 . 0 D/w
U
=
All the symbols used have their usual meaning.
(10 marks)
Figure 1
PAGE 5 ME2135/ME2135E
___________________________________________________________________________________________
QUESTION 4
A continuous planar belt of infinite width is used to skim or entrain a viscous liquid from a
large container. The belt moves vertically upward with a constant velocity V as sketched in
Figure 2 below, and drags up a film of liquid of thickness H, density and dynamic viscosity
. Gravity tends to make the liquid drain down the belt but the upward movement of the belt
keeps the liquid from running off completely.
The flow can be assumed to be laminar, incompressible, steady, parallel to the belt and fully
developed with zero pressure gradient, and no shear is produced by the atmosphere at the
outer surface of the liquid film. By using the co-ordinate system shown in the figure, and by
applying the following equations:
V f
V
2
P
1
Dt
D
V + V = and 0 . = VV
where f is the body force vector per unit mass and other symbols have their usual meaning,
express the velocity profile v in the liquid film (as sketched in the figure), the flow rate per
unit width and the average velocity of the liquid film on one side of the belt only, in terms of
V, , , g and H. What is the condition for a net upward flow of liquid?
(20 marks)
Figure 2
V
v
y
x
PAGE 6 ME2135/ME2135E
___________________________________________________________________________________________
QUESTION 5
(a) Explain briefly whether it is possible to have a laminar and a turbulent boundary layer
at the same Reynolds number. If so, then:
(i) How do the velocity profiles compare? Sketch them on the same graph.
(ii) Which boundary layer grows faster? Show it by considering boundary layer
flows on a flat plate for Re
x
( = Ux/) = 1x10
5
at x = 0.1m from the leading
edge.
(iii) Which boundary layer has the larger ratio of displacement thickness to
momentum thickness (*/)? Provide the necessary information.
(iv) When subjected to the same adverse pressure gradient, which boundary layer
will separate sooner? Explain briefly.
Note: Assume turbulent boundary layer flow with one-seventh power law velocity
profile.
(7 marks)
(b) From the Blasius solution of laminar boundary layer flow along a smooth flat plate,
the skin friction (wall shear stress)
o
on the plate at a distance x from its leading edge
is given by:
x
U
U 332 . 0
o
v
=
Using this expression of
o
, derive the expression for boundary layer momentum
thickness growth rate /x in term of Re
x
( = Ux/). All the symbols used have their
usual meaning.
(4 marks)
PAGE 7 ME2135/ME2135E
___________________________________________________________________________________________
QUESTION 5 (continue)
(c) A thin sheet of fiberboard weighs 60 N and lies on a rooftop as shown in Figure 3. If
the coefficient of solid friction between the board and the roof is 0.10, what wind
velocity will generate sufficient friction force to dislodge the board? Assume turbulent
boundary layer flow with one-seventh power law velocity profile, and check the
validity of using this velocity profile assumption. For air, take the density = 1.2
kg/m
3
and the dynamic viscosity = 1.8 x 10
-5
kg/ms.
Note: For turbulent boundary layer flow with one-seventh power law velocity profile
(5 x 10
5
Re
x
10
7
), the skin friction coefficient C
f
is given by:
1/5 2
2
1
f
Re
0.0576
U
C
x
o
= =
t
where all symbols have their usual meaning.
(9 marks)
U
Figure 3
- END OF PAPER -