Obstacle detection for blind people consist of an ultosonic sensor in stick of blind people and this sensor continusaly

transmit ultosonic wave in air .As per property of ultrasonic when it penetrated through medium an detect object then it reflect echo pulse .we recived and detect this echo pulse and find out distance between object and ultrasonic transmitter and reciver by calculating time required to travel sound wave to object and echo recived .This ultrasonic transmitter and reciver is mounted on servomotor and automatically move clock wise and anticlockwise direction to scan maximum part of area in front of blind person and when object is detected then it produces some sentence in voice using voice EEPROM ic justlikeTurn leftturn right etc and turn on buzzer

Figure shows complete block diagram of our project obstacle detection for blind people. In this Project there are following main block. 1. Ultrasonic transmitter receiver 2. Servo motor 3. Micro controller unit 3 Voice EEPROM 4 Relay and Buzzer unit 5 Crystal oscillator 6 Power supply

1) Ultrasonic transmitter receiver Ultrasound is cyclic sound pressure with a frequency greater than the upper limit of human hearing. Although this limit varies from person to person, it is approximately 20 kilohertz (20,000 hertz) in healthy, young adults and thus, 20 kHz serves as a useful lower limit in describing ultrasound the purpose of using ultrosoinc inour project we use 40kHz oprated ultrosonic transmiter and recive modual Ultrasonic devices transmit and/or receive sound waves above the frequency range of human hearing which is typically much above 20 kHz. Ultrasound devices require line-of-sight and have a much smaller effective angular range. However, the delay of sound propagation is far easier to measure, and ultrasounds can be transmitted in the range of distance required for the present application. Ultrasound transmitters and receivers come in a much variety. Since the common

types of ultrasound devices fit our specifications nicely, this made it much easier to select device 2)Servomotor Servo or RC Servo Motors are DC motors equipped with a servo mechanism for precise control of angular position. The RC servo motors usually have a rotation limit from 90 to 180. Some servos also have rotation limit of 360 or more. But servos do not rotate continually. Their rotation is restricted in between the fixed angles. In our project we mount ultrasonic transmitter and recover on this servo motor and motor give clockwise and anticlockwise direction to this sensor 3) Micro controller unit: Micro controller IC 89c51 is heart of our project. We select this micro controller IC for our project for following no. of advantages. 1) Internal 8 K bytes of electrically erasable programmable read only memory for feeding programmed so that there is no need of external EPROM. 2) Four 8 bit input, output port p0, p1, p2, p3 out of which we use two port to read ADC and other port is use to connect 16x2 alphanumeric display for written current & temperature purpose. Operating voltage of 3.5 to 6v d.c. Which is easily available by using voltage regulator IC. 4) Internal 128 byte RAM to store temporally storage of data. In which we can feed took up table to turn ON/OFF relay 5) Three 8-bit time/counter are present for timing and counting purpose.4 external and 2 internal interrupt are available. Micro controller can read the data (for the corresponding channel) available at output of adc and convert in equivalent alphanumeric code & display on 16x2 dot matrix liquid crystal display. 4) Voice EEPROM Voice EEPROM APC8108 are use to store statement of voice for guidance for blind people when object is detected .This voice EEPROM

is 20 sec. 4 trigger pulse i.e. we can store 4 message of 5 sec each message duration .and this ic has 4 triggering pulse when we give low to high pulse to trigger pin then message store at that number is pronounced .To store message in to voice ic we required voice ic programming kit which is connected to pc and we recorded voice statement and feed in to ic

5) Relay and Buzzer Unit: + 5V dc buzzer and 12 volt operated relay is used for audio indication and relay for any process control id distance is grater than set point value

6) Crystal & Reset Circuit: 12MHz quartz ceramic crystal is connected between pin XTAL1, and XTAL2 of micro controller to produce machine cycle for fetch and execution of instruction. And at pin 9 RST pins we connect R.C n/w to provide reset pulse when power is turn on so that programmed execution start from memory location 0000H.

7) POWER SUPPLY For our project we required + 5 volt dc. Power supply, which is generated by using step down transformer full wave bridge rectifier and voltage regulator IC 7805