Revision de CAPSICUM

A Revision of the Genus Capsicum with Especial Reference to Garden Varieties Author(s): H. C.
Irish Source: Missouri Botanical Garden Annual Report, Vol. 1898 (1898), pp. 53-110 Published by: Missouri Botanical Garden Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2992137 . Accessed: 15/07/2013 13:50
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A REVISION OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO GARDEN VARIETIES.

BY H. C. IRISH.
* from of the genusCapsicum A revision an agricultural ratherthan a strictly botanicalstandpoint, was first suggestedby Dr. E. Lewis Sturtevant,t whoafterward himself selectedthe subjectfor special studyand begancollecting and cultivating a large number of kinds,at the same time recordingcomplete descriptions from livingplants. In 1892 all of his materialbearingupon the subject,including many herbariumspecimens, drawings, coloredplates and noteswas givento the Missouri BotanicalGardent on condition thatthe genusshould receivestudywith a view of the resultsin monographic to the ultimatepublication form. All garden varieties whichwereprocurable, together so-called at the withnumerous species,have beencultivated valuablematerial in the Gardenforfouryears,furn'ishing of the work. In beginning prosecution operations, Mr.F.
* Tournef.Inst. 152. 1700.- Linn. Gen. P1. 195. 1742.- Jussieu, Gen. P1. 126. 1789.- Linn. Syst.P1. 1: 1050.1797[ed. Willd.].- Miller, Gard. Diet. 1797 [ed. Martyn].- Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 237. 1809.- Kunth,Nov. Gen. Sp. P1.3: 48. 1818.-Fingerh.Monogr. Gen. Capsici. 1832.- Nees von Esenb. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 62. 1832.Meisner,P1. Gen. 277. 1836-43.- Don, Hist. Dich. P1. 4: 444. 1838.Gen. P1. 665. 1840 [no. 3854].- Sendt.in Martius, Endlicher, Fl. Bras. 10: 142. 1846.- Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 411. 1852.- Miquel, El. & Hooker, Gen. P1. 2: 892. 1876.Ned. Ind. 2: 657. 1856.- Benth. Dict. Gard.1884.- Baillon, Hist. Pl. 9: 331. 1888.- Engler Nicholson, Pfilanzenfam. & Prantl, 43b: 20. 1891.- Kuntze, Revis. Gen. P1. 447. 1891. Poivred'Inde English,Red Pepper,GuineaPepper.- French,Piment, ou de Guinea.- German,Spanischer Pfeffer.Italian, Peperone.-Mexican, ChiUi.- Hindostan, Tschil.- Hungarian, Paprika.- Spanish, Pimentas. Pimiento.- Portuguese, Pimento, Naturalist 25: 550. 1885. f American Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard.4: 15. 1893.
(53)
54
MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN.
at theGarden, W. Dewart,at thattimeBotanicalAssistant made numerous observations, especiallynotingstructural characters. Later Mr. J. G. Smith continued the work, following much the same plan. My own studyof this genlus beganin the spring of 1896 with bringing together the materialleft by others, observations on the recording growingplants of that year, and comparingthem with previous notes. In addition to the workof the gentlemen named,I am especially indebted to Professor WilliamTrelease forvaluableassistance and suggestions in all parts of the work. Concerningthe early historyof Capsicum, there is abundant evidencethat the entiregenus had its origin in the Americantropics,thoughnumerousso-called species have been attributed to SouthernAsia. It seems to have been first mentioned by Peter Martynin an epistle dated in which he says Columbusbrought September 1493, home " peppermorepungent thanthatfromCaucasus." * De Candolleadvancesthe opinionthata plantso easilygrown and so agreeable to the tastes of inhabitants of warm wouldprobably have been known countries previous to the discoveryof America, whereas no ancient Sanskrit or Chinese name for the genus is known,neitherwere the Greeks, Romans, nor even Hebrews acquaintedwithit.t The rapidity with which the plants spread in tropical withthe increased countries, together commercial tradeimthe of mediately following discovery America,probably caused a rapid disseminationthrough the Old World wherethe plants were afterwards tropics, foundby later botanists, manyof whomsupposedthemto be indigenous. The opinion of different authorities seemsto varygreatly the number of species and varieties. Three concerning varietieswere figured by Fuchsius in 1542, thirteen by in 1611, twenty in 1640. ThirtyGregorius by Parkinson fivewerementioned by Morisonin 1699, twenty-seven by
* Sturtevant,American Naturalist 24: 151.
1890. t De Candolle, Origin of Cultivated Plants 288. 1882.
A REVISION
OF TIE
GENUS CAPSICUM.
55
Tournefort in 1700, eighteenby Millerin 1731, thoughin had comeintouse, he gave system binomial after the 1771, but ten specific namies. Linnaeus in the firsteditionof his SpeciesPlantarum(1753) recordstwo species,and in his Mantissa(1767) recognizestwo additionalones. In edited of his SystemaVegetabilium, edition the fourteenth (1789), one new species is given, and in the by Murray Willdenoweditionof the Species Plantarum(1797) still and Schultes,in theireditionof is added. Rbmer another (1819), add whattheyconsider the SystemaVegetabilium speciesto those alreadydefifteen good and threedoubtful only sincethe time of Linnaeus. Of thesefifteen, scribed time by them,all of the others one was givenforthe first since named by variousbotanists havingbeen previously Willdenow's edition. In 1832 Fingerhuthrecognized withsevenrequiring acceptedspecies, together twenty-five botanical and twenty-eight examination, further varieties, beingnamed threeof the speciesand mostof the varieties recorded tenspeciesand numerby him. In 1846 Sendtner in Brazil alone, he havingnamed as occurring ous varieties accepted fifty sevenof the species. In 1852,Dunalrecorded for the first time, species,of whichelevenweredescribed and eleven species requiring withmanyvarieties, together besidesthreedoubtful ones. examination, further This was the last revisionof the genus,and but three about newspecieshave since been described. Altogether nameshave been given,of whichthe Tndex ninety specific as good. Notwithstanding Kewensisrecognizesfifty-four generallybelieve this large number,modern authorities that there are only a few. Professor Asa Gray,in a letter to Dr. Sturtevantunder date of Nov. 2, 1887, expressesa fancy that there are only two species in the genus.* Dr. Sturtevant,who had already made expressedthe opinion a considerable studyof the genus,of cases wereonly thatthepublished speciesin a majority to synoinyms reduced forms,and that when these were
*
Science2: 1. 1888. Agricultural
56
of speciesthat wouldbe acceptedby botanists the number would be very small.* Dr. H. H. Rusby wrote Dr. April9th,1888, saying: "cI have seen a good Sturtevant, deal of the genusin South Americaand have observeda to variation. I have seen but fewwell disgreattendency and about these are groupedhosts,preforms tinguished everyshade of variationin size, color,form,and senting differof fruit. There are corresponding surface-planes natives the which in detecting and flavor, encesinpuligency are very expert. Each man will have some cherished plant that to him is very distinct,and far superiorto can boast." thathis neighbors anything Professor of Capsicum, In regardto the greatvariability at Botanist's Office G. S. Jenman,of the Government and variety, an infinite 1892, thatthe genustherepresents the fruitof parwhereseveralkindsare growntogether by cross-fertilization, is oftenmuchmodified ticularforms does not apply to all varieties. though this apparently of the Botanical Professor J. H. Hart, Superintendent of the Royal Botanical Gardens at Trinidad, Department the sameyearwroteMr. Dewart as follows; "1We during theCapsicums between distinction do notmakeany specific fromhere for the simplereason that theydegenerateso that we cannot to a simpleformundercultivation quickly refer them to more than a single species. Some of the morethan be nothing or fivegenerations willin fouir finest ' as the are forms as many the ' Bird-pepper of which days of the year." to the observaMy workmainlyadds strongtestimony of well-marked types tionsof thesegentlemen. A number various and within them for been centuries, have preserved in appeared. Upon these forms, forms have constantly a large numberof the so-calledspecieshave my opinion, separated them into two been based. I have therefore types as botanical species and preservedthe well-fixed
* Agricultural Science 2: 1. 1888.
Georgetown,British Guiana, wroteMr. Dewart, August 24,
A REVISION
OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM.
57
varieties. Most of the modern garden varieties easily find classificationwithinthe types of the annual species, some of them almost exactly corresponiding with the wood cuts and descriptions of somie very old forms. Many of the varieties from South America and Mexico present, to my distinct characters in habit of growth mind, sufficiently and in the woodiness of the plants to justifytheir treatment as representativesof two species. Primarily, the classificationof the types is based on the shape of the fruit and the calyx characters, as the most closely related ones can thus be brought together. The erect and pendent fruit,the primarycharacters of Fingerhuth and Dunal, are equally constant, but cannot be employed primarily in this classification,as both characters appear in all but two of the types here given as botanical varieties, and hence can only be used in separating the formswithinthese types. In citingprelinneanauthorities*I have included only the descriptionswhich have been carefully studied and about which I had no doubt as to the type or form intended. The descriptionsof a number are so brief and incomplete that they could not be definitelylocated, hence it seemed wise to omit them entirely. Most of the modern works to which I have had access and which give fairly complete descriptionsare referredto unless some doubt exists as to the intentionof the author. In the selection of names for the garden varieties, the principlesfor the nomenclatureof cultivated plants adopted by the Vegetable Committee of ExperimentStation Horticulturists t and the Madison Botanical Congress t have been followed. In the citation of varietal synonyms reference is made to the earliest and most complete descriptionsin
* For the full titles of works published prior to 1753, reference should be made to the catalogue of the Sturtevant Prelinnean Library.- Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 7: 123-209. 1896. t Bailey, Annals of Horticulture 106-107. 1889. $ Proceedings of the Madison Botanical Congress 41. 27 Aug. 1893.
58
such seed catalogues as I have seen, except where equally satisfactoryaccounts were found in other publicationis. The economnic value of the fruit has long been known. The southern natives used it as nuch in ancient times as they do at present. Oviedo, who reached tropical America from Spain in 1514, particularly mentions its uses.* Chanca, physician to the fleet of Columbus in his second voyage to the West Indies, in a letter writtento the Chapter of Seville in 1494, alludes to it as a condiment.t Its use for this purpose is also mentionedby subsequent writers. In Spain and India as early as the sixteenthcentury the fruitwas employed in dressing meats and was supposed by some to be valuable for dyeing. Medicinally the red pepper was known to assist in the digestion of meats, and when mixed with honey and applied externallywas a remedy for quinsy. Mention is also made of its removing freckles from the skin.: It was given for dropsy, colic, ague, toothache, and other ailments.? The fruit was given to horses and mules for II dry gripes " brought on by rank and sour grass.? Later, a preparation of Capsicum was given in case of black vomit, and various tropical fevers,11 and has been recommended for atonic gout, dyspepsia accompanied by flatulence,tympanitis,paralysis, cynanehe maligna and scarlatina maligna.** At the presenittime Capsicum is employed in medicine mainly as an astringent in the form of a tincture. The ground fruit is used in combinationwith quinine for malarial fever. When mixed with turmeric and some spice, it forms Curry Powder. The pungencytf is due to an active principle called " cap* Sturtevant, American Naturalist 19: 544. 1885. t Fluckiger & Ilanbury, Pharmacography 452. 1879 [Engl. ed.]. $ Gerarde, Herball 293. 1597. ? Parkinson, Theat. Bot. 359. 1640. ? Miller, Gard. Diet. 1797 [ed. Martyn]. O1 Phillips, Cult. Veg. 1: 118. 1822. ** Lindley, Veg. Kingdom 621. 1853. tt The burning sensation occasioned by eating the pungent varieties may be checked by drinkingmilk.
A REVISION
59
in the placentaand seed and saicin" whichoccursmainly whichis volatilewhen exposed to the air. In its effects and a rubefacient.* stomachic, Capsicumis a stimulant, the red pepper is employedmore as a Commercially than for any otherpurpose,and it is used as a condiment of warni in almosteverydishby the inhabitants seasoning prodclimates. CayennePepper is one of the important pungent small the of fruit of the mainly consisting ucts, prevarietiesreduced to a finepowder. It is sometimes and making the driedfruit with wheatflour paredby mixing intocakes with yeast. Afterbakinguntil quitehard and to powder and sifted. When brittlethese are redtuced it has been knownunderthe name in thismanner prepared dried, powdered, CayennePepper Pot,t and when simply and mixedwitha little salt, it has been knownas Cayan Butter. J According to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, by mashing prepared Mandramis a West Indian stomachic themwith sliced a few pods of bird pepper and m-ixing and shallotsto which have been added a little cucumbers lime-juiceand Madeira wine. Thereare variousbrandsof peppersauce, which consist varieties chieflyof the unground fruitof the punigent Tabasco Pepper preservedin brine or strongvinegar. Sauce or liquidpepperis said to be the pulp of the ripe extracted by pressureand so fruitof the Tabasco variety aromaand colorof strength, handledas to retainall flavor, fromthe same is mnade the ripe fruit. Tabasco Catchup Hungarian condiment variety. Paprika is a well-known the fruitwhichis groundafterthe seeds have madefrom muchless pungentthan been removed,and is, therefore, of the small consists con carne Chilli sauce. Tabasco the meat. It is with groundand mixed pungent peppersfinely United States. In Mexicothe much used in the Southern in the tamales so fruitformsa very essentialingredient
* Waggamain, Bot. Mat. Med. 228. 1895. t Phillips, Cult.Veg. 1: 123. 1822. X Miller, Gard.Diet. 1797 [ed. Martyn].
60
MISSOURI
BOTANICAL GARDEN.
commonin that countryand quite well known in the UnitedStates. Southern Manyof the kinds of Capsicumare more or less employed eitherin pickles or in the raw or cooked state, conthe mildersorts being much preferred by northern ones sumers and the morepungent by the southern people. mixedwithsalads or servedlike They are slicedand either belltomatoeswith vinegar and salt. The thick-fleshed shaped and squash varietiesare much used as mangoes. thefruit downone side, removThese are made bv cutting with chow-chowpickles. The ing the seed, and filling partsare then tiedtogetherand the whole placed in jars or cans containing vinegarwhere it remainsuntilwanted. varietiesare eatenby Some of the medium-sized pungent native Mexicansin the raw state,the same as radishes. I who manufacture am told by a reliablefirm, peppersauce, whichwith thatin Spain someof the large sweetvarieties, and baked, are cannedafter being us are often stuffed cooked in olive oil, and are then eatenwithFrench salad dressing without further cooking. In this condition, is oftenemployed in stuffing pittedolives. too, the fruit its value as a food and a medicine, Asidefrom Capsicum as anr insecticide whenused in conhas been recommended withtobacco-paper,* but inasmuch nection as the operation the latter not a it success without is probable that was tobaccowas the essentialingredient. The seed is considereda veryhealthful birdfood, and is usedto some extent forthat purpose. suchas LittleGem and Prince In Europe, somevarieties, fordecorative of Wales, are grownconsiderably purposes, in pots, underglass. especially The cultureof the pepper is comparatively simple. It does not requirespecial care and yet quicklyresponds to attention which maybe givenit. A warm any particular and moderately light soil that does not quickly dry out appearsto be the best. The seed generally requires from
* Gard. Chron. 150. 1852.
A REVISION
61
theexacttimedependtwelveto twenty daysto germinate, ing upon its age. The plants are usually started under glass in February or March and transplanted into pots or fiatswhen large enoughto handle. Afterall dangerof frost is past,theyare movedto the fieldand plantedone or twofeetapart. The ground around theplantsis thoroughly cultivatedduring the growingseason, and in case of extremedrouthartificial irrigation is sometimes resorted to. Its culturedoes not appear to be especially confined to anyparticular localitybut is generally distributed throughout temperate and tropicalregionsfor the supplyof local markets. Capsicum frutescens is confinedmostly to Southern Asia, Africa,Mexico, and South and Central America. The large SweetSpanishvariety is largely cultivatedin Spain, and various varietiesfor the manufacture of Paprika are extensivelygrown in Hungary. The Tabasco variety is almost exclusivelyconfinedto one in Louisiana. There is considerable local demand, locality as pickles,mangoesand peppersauces are quite extensively in St. Louis, and the supplyfor themis manufactured largely grownin thisvicinity. Fortunately peppersare not subjectto attackby insects. Red spider and greenfly (Aphis) are the only known and their depredations are confined Arthropod enemies, to plants grownunderglass. The red spidermay mainly be keptin check by repeatedlysyringing withwater,and withtobacco. the greenfly may be killedby fumigating Thereare two fungusdiseases which frequently occur, varieties. One of especially uponthe largerthick-fleshed of the pinksort, themDr. Halsted * calls an anthracnose E. & E., whichcauses the duie to Gloeosporiunz piperatuni fruitto rot about the time it is maturing. The other disease is a dark anthracnose,due to Colletotrichum
nigrum.t
*
Rept.N. J. Exp. Sta. 326. 1892. Bot. Club 18: 15. 1891. t Halsted,Bull. Torrey
62
ARTIFICIAL KEY TO GARDEN PEPPERS. * Pedunclesstraight;fruit erector spreading. thelattermuchlongerthanbroad. base of fruit, Calyxembracing as ++ Fruit short, usuallyless thanIj in. long; pedunclesnearly long or longer. and rarely ripenPlant2A ft.ormorehigh,maturing slowly 0. frutescens. south. exceptin extreme ing fruit its fruit Plant ripening earlier, usuallynot over 1j ft.high conoides. variety. a. annuum exceptforthefirst at the base by the calyx; Fruit usually compressed TABASCO. plantat least 2 ft,high. at thebase bythecalyx. Fruitnotcompressed Dark red. CORALGEM. Oblong fusiform.
++
largestdiameter Fruit usually morethanIj in. long,slender, verythin usually less than J in.; peduncles shorter;flesh
(about -1-in)
Conical or ovate obtuse. CAYENNEC. ORANGE-RED CLUSTER. Orange red.
Plant about 1 ft.high; leaves and fruit fascicled. C. annuum fasciculatum. RED CLUSTER. Fruitred. notfascicled. Plant larger; leaves and fruit 0. annuum acuminatum. Fruitred. CHILLI.
Fruit yellow. YELLOW CLUSTER.
Fruit yellow. YELLOWCHILLI. - Calyx not usually embracing base of fruit,or onlyobscurely so;
fruitusually more than 1I in. long, largest diameter usually thanJin.; flesh thicker. C. annuum more longum. somewhat Petals more or less purple; fruitblack at first, becoming red whenripe. Petals white; fruit green,becoming
orange-red. BLACKNUBIAN.
LONG RED.
the latterslightly not embracing base of fruit, longerthan +-+-+-Calyx broad,subconical,ovate,or oblong,usually3 in. to 2 in. long. C. annuum abbreviatum. Fruitbright red whenripe. from greento lightyellowor strawcolorbefore Changing subrugose, notturbinate. ripening, oval. KALEIDOSCOPE. Usuallymucronate, Not changing to lightyellow. turbinate. Veryrugose,often Neither rugosenorturbinate.
Not mucronate, subconical. CELESTIAL. BED WRINKLED.
ETNA.
A REVISION
63
Fruityellowwhenripe. With longitudinal furrows, rarely turbinate.
YELLOW WRINKLED. 4 Calyx not embracing base of fruit, the latter spherical or heartC. annuurn cerasiforme. shaped, smooth. Fruitusuallyless thanJin. in diameter. Red. LITTLE GEM. Yellow. PRINCE OF WALES. Fruit usually ) in. to 1 in. in diameter. Round or cherryshaped. Red. CHERRY. Yellow. YELLOW CHERRY. Heart-shaped. Yellow. YELLOW OXIIEART. +_i-Calyx not embracing base of fruit, usually seated in a basal de pression. C. annuumgrossum. Fruit yellow. **Peduncles curved or recurved; fruit pendent.
4-
Not furrowed, usuallyvervrugoseand turbinate.
PRINCESS OF WALES.
Red.
OXHEART.
Fruitred,subconicalor prismatic.
BRAZILIAN UPRIGHT.
GOLDEN UPRIGHT.
base of fruit, the lattermuchlongerthanbroad. Calyxembracing

++ Fruit very slender, usually less than j in. in diameter; flesh
very thin (about * in.). C. annuumacuminatum. i to 14 in. long. Red. NEPAL CHILLI. YELLOW NEPALCHILLI. Yellow. IA to 4 in. long. Red. LONG CAYENNE. Yellow. LONG YELLOW CAYENNE. ++ ++ Frult stouter; flesh thicker, often furrowed longitudinally. IVORY TUSK. (-alyx not embracing base of fruit, the latter much longer than C C. annuumlongum. broad, mostly stout, tapering.
Petals purple; fruit black at flrst, becoming orange-red.
Petals white; fruitred or vellow.
BLACKNUBIAN.
theflat base of fruit. Calyxusuallynotentirely covering in. thick, Flesh aboutJonlyslightly pungent.
Fleshthinner, fruit acridpungent; slender forthe very LONGRED. group. Calyx usually coveringthe base, but at most obscurely it. embracing
Fruit red.
COUNTY FAIR.
Calyxusuallyseatedin a basal depression. ELEPHANT'S TRUNK. Apex distinctly3 to 4 lobed. or obscurelylobed. PROCOPP'S Apexpointed GIANT.
Fruit yellow.
LONG YELLOW.
CARDINAL.
64
4in
Calyx not embracing base of fruit, usually seated in a basal depression; fruitswollen, angular. C. annuum grossum. Fruit subconical, decidedly tapering. EMPEROR. Fruit prismatic or subconical, slightly tapering to a 3 to 4 lobed apex. Subeonical. MONSTROUS. Prismatic. SWEET SPANISH. Fruit squarish, subtruncate, about as long as broad. Apical end usually much contorted,oftenlarger than base; fruit2 to 3 in. in diameter. BELL. Apical end not usually contorted, but quite uniformly lobed; fruitlarger than last. Red. SWEET MOUNTAIN. Yellow. GOLDEN DAWN. Fruit squarish, subtruneate, longer than broad, deeply furrowed and lobed, 5 to 7 in. long, 3 to I in. in diameter. Red. RUBY KING. GOLDIEN Yellow. KING. Fruit 2 to 3 in. broad, very oblate. Red. SQUASH. Yellow. YELLOW SQUASH. 4 Calyx not embracing base of fruit,the latter slightlylonger than broad, subconical, ovate, or oblong, usually i in. to 2 in. long. C. annuum abbreviatum. Fruit bright red when ripe. Changing fromgreen to bright yellow or straw color before ripening, subrugose, not turbinate. Oval, usually mucronate. KALEIDOSCOPr. Not changing to light yellow, veryrugose, often turbinate. RED WRINKLED. Fruit yellow when ripe. Longitudinally furrowed, rarelyturbinate. PRINCESS OF WALES. Not usually furrowed, very rugose, turbinate. YIELLOW WRINKLED. 4 4- +- Calyx not embracing base of fruit, the latter spherical or heartshaped, smooth, usually I in. to 1j in. in diameter. a. annuumcerasiforme. About I in. in diameter, yellow. PRINCE OF WALES. Round or cherryshaped, &to 1* in. in diameter. Red. CHERRY. Yellow. YELLOW CHERRY. Heartshaped. Red. OXHEART. YELLOW OXHEART. Yellow.
A REVISION OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM. SYNOPSIS. or suffrutescent, annualor biennial. A Herbaceous
65
a. ANNUum L.
Linn. Hort. Cliff. annuum 59. 1737. Capsicum
two plants usuallygrowing Herbaceousor suffrutescent four or five,rarelyonlya or three feet high,sometimes erect angularbranchesusuallyrising foot,with numerous from near the ground, generally smooth, sometimes sparselypubescent. Leaves mediumsmall to verylarge, ovate acuminateto oblong elliptical; petioles smoothor in twos, hairy. Peduncles solitary,sometimes sparingly usuallysmooth. Corolla white or dingywhite,except in when it is moreor less blotchedwithpurple. one variety Fruitsvariablein size, colorand form. varieties all the leadingcommercial Thisspeciesfurnishes theyare treated latitudes nowin cultivation. In temperate are as annuals,while in tropicalcountriessome varieties biennialor perennial.
a Fruit oblonglinear. base offruit. Calyx usuallyembracing aboutas longor longer. Fruitusuallyless than1I in. long; peduncles
*
C. annuum conoides (Miller).

conoides Miller,Gard.Dict. 1771 [no. 8. ed. 6].- Linn. Syst. Capsicum 4: 562. 1819 [ed. Rom. et Schult.].- Fingerh.Monogr.Gen. Capsici 14. t. 3. f. b. 1832.- Don, Hist. Dich. Pl. 4: 446. 1838.- Rich. Fl. Abyss. 2: 96. 1851.-Dunal in DC. Prodr.13? 414. 1852.-SeeBot. Herald402. 1852-57.-Miquel Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 659. 1856. mann, 15.t. 3. f. c. 1832.- Dunal suleatum conoides Monogr. Fingerh. Capsicum in DC. Prodr.131: 415. 1852. conoides chordale Fingerh.1. c. f. d.- Dunal, 1. c. Capsicum conoides Dunal, 1. c. oblongo-conicum Capsictum pyramidale. Greg. de Reg. in Clus. exiguumerectum Piper oblongum, Dendrog.t. 56. 1662.Cur. Post. 97,f. 4, 98. 1611.- Jonstonus, Raius,Hist. Pl. 1: 677. 1686. 3. majus et minus(excl. & oblongisdiff. PiperIndicumsiliquissurrectis majus). Bauhin.Pinax103. 1623. erectum pyramidale. Parkinson,Theat. Bot. 357.f. Capsicumexiguum 6. 1640. 5
66
Capsicum minus fructuparvo pyramidall erecto. Sloane, Cat. P1. Jam. 112. 1696. minus. Morison, Hist. Pl. Oxon. Capsicum sive Piper Indicum oblongumn 3: 529. 1699. Capsicum siliquis surrectis & oblongis, exiguus. Tournef. Inst. 152. 1700. Piper Indicum minimum erectum. [Beslerus], Hort. Byst. 1. Autumn. Ord. 1: 8.f. 1. 1713. mordens minus erectum. Weinmann. Phyt. Iconog. 4: 349. pi. Solanumn Negro-pepper. Hlughes,list. Barb. 213. 1750. Fide Maycock, Fl. Barb. 104. 1830. Capsicum fructu minimo conico rubro. Browne, Hist. Jam. 176. 1756.
930. f. b. 1745.
1-21 ft. high, diffusely spreading Plants suffrutescent, 14-2 ft. Stein and lower branches striate, green, sparingly corky. Branches shortbetweenthe nodes, often subpubescent. Leaves numerous,ovate lanceolate, acuminnate, pubescent on midvein below, sparsely pubescent above, 2-3 in. long, 3-2 in. wide, rarely larger, quite erect, smooth or subscabrous, usually rather dark green; petioles j- in. long, rather slender,pubescent or subglabrous. Peduncles solitary or often in twos, usually slender, stiff,straight, erect, slightly enlarged toward the calyx end. Calyx obconical or cup-shaped, usually embracing base of fruit; teeth obscure. Corolla greenish white, small, spreading e-A in. Fruit erect, subconical or oblong cylindrical,acuminate or obtuse, usually shorterthan the peduncles, j4-1-L. in. long, -1-- in. diam., 2-3 celled, red or yellow, sometimes blotched with purple before ripening, mostly borne a,bove the leaves; flesh about -1in. thick, extremely pungent. CORAL GIEM.* The habit of growth of this varietyis, localiapparently,subject to extreme variation in different ties, the plant in some places making a tender growth of not more than a foot, while in other places it attains a height of 2 ft. In the formercase the branches are light green, quite flexible,frequentlydecumbentwith numerous upright middle shoots, forming a rosette-like mass, and
* Vaughan, Cat. 1889.
A REVISION
67
the leaves but slightly darker on the upper surface than below. The larger growing plants are stouter and more branchy. Fruit usually slender, fusiform, smooth, extremely pungent, red, sometimes blotched with brown before ripening, usually scattered so thickly over the plant as to give the appearance of a bouquet of corals.Plate 9, f. 2. TABASCO.* Plant usually about 21 ft. high, with an erect spreading habit. Leaves often 4 in. long by 2-1 in. wide, dark green, usually distinctly pubescent alonig the veins. Fruit oblong cylindrical, obtuse or acute, usually compressed at the base by the calyx, deep red when ripe, the unripe ones often dryingto an orange color, more frequentlyborne in twos than in other varieties of this group. Planit more woody than others. Branches CAYENNE.t fewer but more erect, and quite rig,id. Leaves deep green on upper surface, decidedlypaler below. Calyx occasionally seated on base of fruit. Fruit usually as long as or slightly longer than the penduncles, subconical or ovate, obtuse, about 14 in. long, -2 in. diam., at firstgreen, changing to blackish, then yellowish-red,finallyred. Plants usually with a filattish ORANGE-RED CLUSTER.4 top. Branches slender but rigid, purple striate, and decidedly purple at nodes. Leaves smooth, quite erect, very dark green on upper surface, much paler below. Fruit 1-1-1 in. long, about as long as or longer than peduncles, very rigidlyerect, standing prominentlyabove the leaves, of a beautiful orange-red color. The great number of fruitsequally distributed over the symmetricalplant make it one of the most ornamentalvarieties. Plate 9, f. 3
* Described from Dr. Sturtevant's notes and herbarium specimens. Seed received by him fromMellhenny of New Iberia, La., 1888. f Hovey, Seed Cat. 1888.-Described from Dr. Sturtevant's notes and herbarium specimens. Seed received by him from Livingston, in contrast Columbus, O., 1888, who listed it as Cayenne of Commerce, with the Long Cayenne. $ Listed in Haage & Schmidt, Seed Cat. 15, 1893, under the German
name Orangerother Trauben-Pfeffer.
68
MISSOURI BOTANICAL
GARDEN.
shorter. Fruit usuallymorethan1j in. long; peduncles erect. ++ Leaves and fruit fascicled; fruit
C. annuum fasciculatum (Sturt.).

Capsicum fasciculatum Sturtevant, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 15: 133.
1888.
swollenat green,round,subverrucose, " Stems smooth, or trichotomous. and purple,dichotomous the branchings green, purple at Branchesangular,few, erect-spreading, of petioles,subpubescent, bearingthe leaves for insertion summits. at the swollen or bunched the mostpartclustered Leaves spreading,crowdedinto bunches,nearly of one size,the largerones 3 in. by 14 in., usually3 in. by t- in., pointedat both ends, fromthe base elliptical-lanceolate, equallyintothe petiole,deep greenabove,paler extending scabrous,entire below,the middlenerve distinct;slightly in a confusedmass or subrepand; borne almost entirely along withthe berries at the summitof branches,very lowerdown. Petioles smooth, nearlyas long as, or rarely margined even longerthan the leaves, slender, sometimes by the extensionof the leaf blade. Peduncles smooth, angular, thickish,erect, enlargingtowards calyx end, ratherlong, 11 in., groupedin clustersratherconfusedly of the grouping seeming withthe leaves, but the tendency or extra-axillary.Calyx to be in twos or threes,axillary embracingbase of fruit, obscurelyten or cyathiform, subtruncate, subpentagonal, twelve-nerved (5 or 6 distinct), the teeth or five six-toothed, acute,erect,smooth. Corolla white,quite large,about 7 in. in diameter,the divisions oftentwisted. Berry cylindro-converylong and narrow, or curved, about 3 in. long,by -4in. diameter, ical,straight smooth,at firsta or smaller,usually rugose, sometimes the placentathickat shininggreen,thenred; two-celled; the base; acrid. "; This speciesdiffers from Capsicumn principally annuum, and dichotomby the roundstem; pubescent Fingerhuth, ous or trichotomous branchings; freedomfrom lower at summits;all of one size and leaves; the leavesclustered
A REVISION
69
nearlyor quitelanceolate; petiolesas long as the leaves; the clusteredpeduncles; the whitecorolla with deep and greenof the unripeberry. lacinew,and the shining narrow the dark green The aspect of the plant is very distinct, leaves closelyclusteredand so denseas to overlanceolate bush-like lap, the low and spreadingcompact, appearance, the fruitcrowdedwith the leaves,the bare and knobbylooking stemswhere exposed to view. As grownby me the plant was 1-11 ft. high, and ripened its berriesin of the year whensown." * September and its yellow form,are RED CLUSTER.t This variety, the only ones includedin this group. ProfessorBailey alludes to it as one of the most distinctof any he ever alludeto it as a sometimes grew.4 Cataloguedescriptions true, as form, or sport, fromChilli. This is evidently variations towardthe Chilli type have often been observed.- Plate 9, f. 4. except YELLOW CLUSTER. ? Identicalwith the preceding yellowcolor. thatthe fruitis of a bright
++ +
Leaves
and fruit not fascicled.
C. annuum acuminatumFingerh. 14-24 ft. high, Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, erect or spreadspreading1-22 ft. Branches numerous, ing, bearing a dense mass of foliage. Leaves solitary, 2-3-1in. long, 1-2 in. wide, avg. sometimes semifascicled, deep greenon upper about 11 by 2S in., ovate acuminate, much paler below, sparsely pubescenton veins surface, below; marginssubeiliate especiallyon youngerleaves; petiolesmedium stout, 4-1 in. long, generallysmooth. Peduncles slender, enlargingtoward calyx end. Calyx
of thespeciesfasciculatum. description Original t Burpee, Cat. 1889.- Japan Cluster. Dreer, Cat. 1891.- French, Japanese, RotherTrauben-Pfeffer.Pimenta bouquetrouge.- German, 1.c. to Sturtevant, according Tenijikumamori, t Bull. Mich. Agr.Coll. 31: 38. Nov. 1887. GelberTrauben-Pfeffer. Cat. 1893.- German, ? Hlaage& Schmidt,
*
70
usually embracing base of fruit. Corolla medium, spreading 2-4 in., dingy white. Fruit very slender, 1-41 in. long, 4-3 in. diam., smooth or subrugose, usually more or less curved, 2-celled; fleshvery thin, about -1k in. thick, extremelvpungent, red or yellow. The long fruit of this and the precedingvarietyis sometimescalled finger-pepper.
= Fruit erect.
Plants about 24 ft. high, verybranchy. Fruit CHILLI.* borne about even with the leaves, at firsta shining green afterwards becomingcoral red, 2-3 in. long, nearlystraight, smooth or subrugose; base sometimes slightlycompressed by the calyx. This differsfrom Chili as described bv Burr t in having shorterand erect fruit. Dr. Sturtevant's notes indicate both pendent and erect forms. Plants grown by us from seed of many sources produced almost
* Red Chili. Hovey, Cat. 1889.- Chili Pepper. Burr, Field & Gard. Veg. 622. 1863.- Long Cayenne. Hend. Cat. 1884.- Chili Pepper, or Chillies. Vilmorin-And. Veg. Gard. 151. 1885 [Eng. ed. Robinson ]. Chili. Bailey, Bull. Mich. Agr. Col. 31: 38. 1887.-French, Piment du
Chili.- German, Chilenischer scharfer Pfeffer.
Capsicum Chilense Hort. Vilmorin-And. Fl. Pleine Terre 885. 1870 [3d ed.]. Piper Indicum surrectis corniculis. Camerar. Hort. Med. 127. 1588. Piper Indicum siliquis surrectis & oblongis. diff.1. Pyramidale majus. 2. pyramidale minus. Bauhin. Pinax 102. 1623. Capsicum siliquis surrectis & oblongis, brevibus. Tournef. Inst. 152. 1700.-Miller, Gard. Dict. 1771 [ed. 6]. PiperIndicum medium longum erectum. Hort.Eyst. 1. Aut. Ord. 1:11. Capsicum surrectum,medium Styli forma. Tillus, Cat. P1. Pisa. 30. 1723. Solanum mordens fructulongo erecto. Weinmann. Phyt. 349. t. 928. f. e. 1745. t Burr, Field and Gard. Veg. 611. 1865.
conicum orientale. Dunal, 1. c. 415. Capsicum
Capsicum conicunm Meyer, Fl. Esseq. 112. 1818.- Linn. Syst. 4: 809. 1819 [ed. RBm. et Schult.].-Fingerh. Monogr. Gen. Capsici 16. 1832.-Don, Hist. Dich. Pl. 4: 445. 1838.-Dunal in DC. Prodr. 138: 415. 1852. acuminatumFingerh. Monogr. Gen. Capsici 13. t. 2.f. Capsicum annu,um c. 1832.-Dunal In DC. Prodr. 13': 412. 1852.
f. 2. 1713.
A REVISION
71
erect fruit, and the fewpendentones properly invariably belongedto theLong Cayennevariety.- Plate 10, f. 1. YELLOW CHILLI.* Fruitusually more pyramidal in shape and than the preceding, usually thicker averaging someotherwise whatshorter, differing onlyin beingof a bright yellowcolor.- Plate 10, f. 2.
= = Fruit pendent.
LONG CAYENNE.t Plant vigorous, lj-2j ft. high. Branchesnumerous, medium erect or stout,green, upright.
* Seed from Professor L. H. Bailey, Cornell University, 1892. Cap8tcum pyramidale Miller, Gard. Diet. 1771 [no. 7. ed. 6].- Linn. Syst. 4: 563. 1819 [ed. Rom. et Schult.].- Fingerh. Monogr. 1. c. 15. S. 3. f. e. 1832.-Don, Hist. Dich. P1. 4: 446. 1838.-Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 414. 1852.-Miquel, Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 661. 1856. Capsicum torulosumHornem. Hort. Hafn. Suppl. 27. 1819. Fide Index Kewensis. Capsicum pyramidale torulosumFingerh. Monogr. 15. 1862.- Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 414. 1852.
Capsicum minus flavum. Rumph. Herb. Amb. 6: 248. t. 88.f. 3. 1747. Capsicum siliquis surrectis & oblongis brevibus. Miller, Gard. Diet. 1771 [ed. 6]. t Vilmorin-And. Veg. Gard. 151. 1885 [Eng. ed. Robinson].- Cayenne. Bailey, Bull. Mich. Agr. Col. 31: 38. 1887.- French, Piment de
Capsicum pyramidale Dunal, 1. c. Zongicorne
Cayenne.
Capsicum longun DC. ex Fingerh. Monogr. Gen. Capsict 28. t. 6. f. d. 1832. recurvumDunal in DC. Prodr. 13': 424. ceratoides Capsicumlongurm 1852. Capsicum longum CayennenseHort. Vilmorin-And.Fl. Pleine Terre 884. 1870 [3d ed.]. Siliquastrum tertium. Fuch. Hist. Stirp. Basil. 733. f. 1542. Capsicum oblongius. Fuch. Hist. Stirp. Basil. 426. f. 1545. Siliquastrum oblongius. Fuch. Hist. Stirp. Lugd. 693. f. 1551. Capsicum recurvis siliquis. Dodon. Hist. Stirp. Pempt. 704. f. 1583; 716.f. 1616.- Magnol, Hort. Monsp. 41. 1697.-Tournef. Inst. 152. 1700.-Tillus, Cat. P1. Hort. Pisa. 30. 1723.- Boerhaave, Index P1. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 68. 1727.- Miller, Gard. Dict. 1731 [no. 2]. Piper Indicum. Camerar. P1. Epit. 347. f. 1586. Siliquastrum varietas longum. Camerar. P1. Epit. 348. f.? 1586.
72
Leaves medium, dark green, 11-3 in. long, 1-1k in. -7-11in. long. Pedunclessolitary, wide; petiolesmedium, medium stout,1-1- in. long,curvedor recurved. Corolla white, spreading 4-1+ in. Fruit3-4 in. long(rarelymore), in. diam., pendent,oblong acuminate, _ usually sub4rugose and more or less curved,usuallytransversely furrowed; flesh very thin and extremely Plate pungent.1, f. 3. The earlier catalogue accounts ofCayenne, TrueCayenne, or Small Cayenne,referto another variety,here called Cayenne. Vilmorin mentionsLong Cayenne as a subof Long Red and belonging variety to a different botanical speciesfromthe True Cayenne. is of a bright exceptthatthe fruit yellowcolor.- Plate 12, f. 1.
LONG YELLOW CAYENNE.* Identical with the preceding
Capsicumsiliquislongisrecurvis. Bauh. Phyt.155. 1596. Piper longum minus siliquis recurvis. Greg. de Reg. in Clus. Cur. Post. 101,f. 10, 102. 1611.- Jonstonus, Dendrog.t. 56. 1662. PiperCalecuticum, sive Capsicum oblongius. Bauhin.Hist. PI. Ebrod. 2: 943. 1651. Chilli, Piper siliquosum Mexicanum. Hernand.Nov. Hist. Romae1: 185. 1651. Hiliquastrum. Pancovius,Herb.f. 296. 1678. Piper Capsicum. Chabraeus,Sciag. 297.f. 1677. Solanum Capsicumdictum,propendentibus siliquis oblongis recurvis. Hermann. Hort.Acad. Lugd.-Bat.576. 1687. Capsicumsive Piper Indicumminussiliquisrecurvis. Morison, Hist.PI. Oxon. 8: 529. 1699. rubra. Morison, Solanum,urenssiliqua propendente 1. c. Sect. 13. C.2. f. 1699. minus. Tournef.Inst. 162. 1700.- Tillus, Capsicumsiliquis recurvis, Cat. Pl. Hort. Pisa. 30. 1723.- Boerhaave,Index Pl. Lugd.-Bat.2: Piper Indicumminusrecurvis siliquis. Hort.Eyst. 1. Aut.Ord. 1: 6. f. Solanum mordens siliquis oblongisrecurvis. Weinmann. Phyt.849. t. 92 7. f. d. 1745.
*
68. 1727. 1713.
2.
Henderson, Cat. 1884.
longum luteum Fingerh.Monogr.t. 7. f. b. 1832. CzP8,icum
A REVISION
73
NEPAL CHILLI. Plants not distinguishable fromLong a subvariety. CalyxocCayenne,of whichit is probably casionallynot embracingbase of fruit. Fruit -a-14in. long, 1 in. diam.,oblong,cylindrical, or obtusely conical, smoothor oftenwith a transverse on one side depression nearthe apex. Oftenvaries so as to be almost identical with Long Cayenne.-Plate 11, f. 1. YELLOW NEPAL CHILLI.t Identicalwith the preceding is of a bright exceptthatthe fruit yellowcolor.
* * Calyx not usually embracing base of fruitexceptin the Ivory Tusk variety.
C. annuum longum Sendt.

Capsicum annuum Linn. Fl. Zeyl. 88. 1747; Hort. Upsal. 47.
1748; Sp. P1. 188. 1753.-Gouan, Hort. Reg. Monsp. 111. 1762.-Miller, Gard.Dict. 1771 [no. 1. ed. 6].- Aublet,Hist. P1. Guiane 1: 219. 1775.- Linn.Syst.226. 1784 [ed. 14. Murray].- Thunb.Fl. Japon. 98. 1784.-Loureiro, Fl. Cochin 1: 127. 1790; 1: 157. 1793 [ed. Willd.].- Gaertn. Fruct. et Sem. 2: 241. 1791.- Lamarck, Enc. Meth. 2: 26. 1793 [no. 2388].- Linn. Sp. PI. 1: 1050. 1797 [ed. Willd.].-Miller, Gard. Dict. 1797 [ed. Martyn].(In part).- Des. font. Fl. Atlant. 1: 196. 1798-1800.-Poiret, Enc. Meth. 5: 324.
* Seeds of this variety and of the Yellow Nepal Chilliwere received from Saharanpur Garden in India in 1895. They are not known in cultivation in this country.
Willd. Enum. Hort. Pl. Reg. Berol. 242. 1809.Capsicum pendulum Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 1: 224. 1813. Linn. Syst. 4: 562. 1819 [ed. Rom. et Schult.].-Link, Enum. Pl. Hort. Reg. Berol. 1: 190. 1821.Fingerh. Monogr. 25. t. 7. f. d. 1832.- Don, Hist. Dich. PI. 4: 445. 1838.- Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13': 425. 1852. minusFingerh. Monogr. 25. 1832. Dunal in DC. Capsicum pendulum Prodr. 131: 425. 1852. torulosumFingerh. 1. c.- Dunal, 1. c. Capsicum pendulum Capsicumpendulum majus. Dunal, 1. c.
Sinense Linn. Syst. 226. 1784 [ed. 14. Murray].- Lam. Enc. t Capsicum
Meth. 2: 26. 1793 [no. 2394].-Linn. Sp. P1. 1: 1051 [ed. Willd.].Miller, Gard. Dict. 1797 [ed. Martyn].- Poiret, Enc. Meth. 6: 326. 1804.- Persoon, Syn. P1. 1: 229. 1805.- Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 1: 224. 1813.- Linn. Syst. 4: 564. 1819 [ed. Rom. et Schult.].-Link, Enum. Pl. Hort. Reg. Berol. 1: 190. 1821.- Fingerh. Monogr. 26. t.8. f. d. 1832.- Dunal in DC. Prodr. 18': 425. 1852. Cap8icumcurvipes Dunal, 1. c. 423.
74
1804.-Persoon, Syn. P1. 1: 229. 1805.- Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 1: 223. 1813.-Meyer, Fl. Esseq. 112. 1818.- Linn. Syst. 4: 559. 1819 [ed. Ri5m.et Schult.].-Link, Enum. P1. Hort. Reg. Berol. 1: 190. 1821.Moon, Cat. P1. Ceylon 16. 1824.- Weyhe & Nees von Esenbeck, P1. Offic.l.pl.l90. 1828.-Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1:573. 1832.-Fingerh. Monogr. Gen. Capsici 12. t. 2. f. a. 1832.-Don, Hist. Dich. P1. 4: 444. 1838.-Sendt. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 10: 147. 1846.-Hooker, Niger Fl. 472. 1849.- Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13': 412. 1852.- Miquel, Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 657. 1856.-Drury, Useful P1. Ind. 111. 1858.-Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 20. pl. 13. f. 2. 1862.- Miquel, Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 3: 117. 1867.- Hemsley, Biol. Cent.-Am. 2: 423. 1881-2. Capsicum TournefortiiBess. Cat. Hort. Crem. 27. 1811. Fide Index Kewensis. Capsicum annuum ovoideum Fingerh. Monogr. Gen. Capsici 14. t. 2. f. e. 1832.-Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 412. 1852. f. d. 1832. Capsicum annuum longicarpumDon, Hist. Dich. P1. 4: 445. 1838. Sendt. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 10: 147. 1846.Capsicum annuum longunm Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Plant. 449. 1891. (As to races with refracted fruit.) Capsicum annuumerectum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Plant. 449. 1891. majus etminus. Fuch. Hist. Stirp. Basil. 731-732.f. 1542; S3iliquastrum Hist. Stirp. Lugd. 693. f. 1551. Capsicon rubeum & nigrum. Fuch. Hist. Stirp. 425. f. 1545. Piper Indicum, sive Siliquastrum. Pinaeus, Hist. P1. Lugd. 12. 1561. Piper Indicum. Matth. Comment. 23.f. 1560; 400.f. 1570. Compend. P1. Omnib. 322. f. 1571. Matth. Opera 434. f. 1598.- Blackw. Herbarium 2.pl. 129. 1754. Capsicum, Piper Indicum. Lobel, P1. Stirp. Hist. Antv. 172. 1576. Capsicum oblongioribus siliquis. Dodon. Stirp. Hist. Pempt. 704. f. 1583; 716.f. 1616. Siliquastrum. Bassaeus, Eicones P1. 859. f. 1590.-Tabern. Kreuterbuch 529.f. 1591; Volk. Kreuterbuch 2: 559.f. 1613. Capsicum Actuarij, sive Caninum Zinziber. etc. Lobel. Icones Stirp. 316. 1591. Capsicum. Clus. in Monard. Simplic. Med. 387. 1593.- Monardus in Clus. Exot. 340.f. 1605. Capsicum siliquis oblongis. Bauhin. Phytopinax 155. 1596. Capsicum longioribus siliquis. Gerarde, Herball 292. f. 1. 1597; 364. f. 1. 1636. Piper Americanum vulgatior. Greg. de Reg. in Clus. Cur. Post. 103. f. 1611. Piper oblongum recurvis siliquis. Greg. de Reg. in Clus. Cur. Post. 101. f. 9. 1611.-Jonstonus, Dendrog. t. 56. 1662.-Raius, Hist. P1. 1: 678. 1686. Piper Indicum longum maximum. Hort. Eyst. 1613 [ide Morison, P1. Hist. Oxon. 3: 529. 1699]; 1. Aut. Ord. 1: 6. f. 1. 1713.
Capsicum
annuum subangulosum
Fingerh. Monogr.
Gen. Capsici
13. t. 2.
A REVISION
75
Solanum urens siliqua propendente rubra. Morison, 1. c. Sect. 13. t. 2. f.2. Piper Indicum propenidentibus siliquis oblongis recurvis. Bauhin. Pinax 102. 1623. Piper Indicum vulgatissimum. Bauhin. Pinax 102. 1623.- Morison, Hist. P1. Oxon. 3: 528. 1699. Capsicum oblongum minus recurvis siliquis. Parkinson, Theat. Bot. 357, f. 16, 358. 1640.- Sloane, Cat. P1. Jamaie. 113. 1696. Capsicum majus vulgatius oblongis siliquis. Parkinson, Theat. Bot. 355, 356.f. 1. 1640.- Maguol, Hort. Monsp. 41. 1697. Capsicum oblongum majus recurvis siliquis. Parkinson, Theat. Bot. 357, f. 15, 358. 1640. Capsicum erectum majus longum. Parkinson, Theat. Bot. 358. 1640. Figures without name, in Bernand. Nov. Hist. P1. 1:135-137. 1651. Piper Indicum longiorib. siliquis rubr. Sweert. Florilegium 2: t. 35. f. 3. 1654. Piper longum majus surrectum. Jonstonus, Dendrog. t. 56. 1662. Piper vulgatissima. Jonstonus, Dendrog. t. 56. 1662. Capsicum Brasilianum fructu oblongo. Munting, Waare Oeffen. 341. 1682. Solanum Capsicum dictum siliquis surrectis & oblongis. Hermann. Hort. Acad. Lugd.-Bat. 576. 1687. Solanum Capsicum dictum vulgatissimum. Hermann. Hort. Acad. Lugd.Bat. 574. 1687. Capsicum siliquis surrectis & oblongis. Magnol, Hort. Monsp. 42. 1697. Capsicum sive Piper Indicum siliquis oblongis recurvis. Morison, P1. Hist. Oxon. 3: 529. 1699. Capsicum sive Piper Iadicum siliquis surrectis & oblongis. Morison, P1. Hist. Oxon. 3: 530. 1699. Capsicum siliquis longis, propendentibus. Tournef. Inst. 152. 1700.Tillus, Cat. P1. Hort. Pisa. 30. 1723.- Miller, Gard. Diet. 1731 [no. 1]. Piper Indicum medium. lIort. Eyst. 1. Aut. Ord. 1: 7. 1713. Capsicumn; fructu oblongo, nune erecto, nune nutante, rubro. Miller, Gard. Dict. 1731 [no. 91. 1737. Capsicum. Piper indicum. Blackw. Herbal 1. pl. 129. Solanum mordens mediumn. Weinmaana.Phyt. 4: 349. t. 927. f. e. 1745.
Plants quite erect, stalky, 1 -21 ft. high, tree like. Stem green, sparingly hairy, stout. Branches few, large, quite erect,green, purplish at nodes, often purplish striate, sparsely pubescent. Leaves ovate acuminate, deep green, 21 4 in. long, 11-21 'in. wide, slightly hairy on midrib below; lower ones often pendent, sometimes involute and more or less wrinkled; upper ones smoother and more erect; petiole large, smooth, sometimeslonger than blade.
76
curved or straighteither on the same Peduncles solitary, or on different plants, 7 1- in. long, stout, enlarging or funneltowardcalyx end. Calyx usually pateriform form,rarelyembracing base of fruitexcept in the Ivory wherethe calyxis slightly Tusk variety, thoughsometimes is obscurely inclosedby the largerthan the base the fruit margin of the calyx. Corolla large, dingywhite,spread,-13- in. ing 7-1L in. Fruit 3-12 in. long (rarelymore), depressed; flesh ,'2-4 diam.,tapering; base flator slightly in. thick, sometimes extremely pungent. mild, sometimes by The varietiesdifferfrom C. annuum ac-unzinatum the stems and branches being larger and more stalky; leaves larger, oftenpendent and involute; calyx pateriformor funnelform; fruit thicker. larger,and flesh
+- Corolla more or less blotched with purple; fruitat first nearly black, afterwards becoming orange-red.
loosely spreading 2-3 ft. Stem and branches smooth, dark purpleor purplestriate. Leaves 2-3 in. long, li-li
* Childs,Cat. 1892.- Purpleor Sore-throat.Titford, Hort. Bot. 47. 1812.- Purpleor Blue Poddedsyn.Black Podded. Burr,Field & Gard. Vilmorin-And. Veg. Gard.151. 1885 Veg. 623. 1863.- Purple Capsicum. noir.- German, [Eng. ed. Robinson].- French,Piment violet,Piment nubischer Schwarzer Pfeffer. Capsicumnigrum Willd.Enum.Hort. Reg. Berol. 1: 242. 1809.-Poiret, Enc. Meth.Suppl. 4: 414. 1816.
BLACKNUBIAN*. Plant vigorous, 2-24 ft. high, quite
Capsicum purpureumVahl ex Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 1: 224. 1813.-
Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1: 573. 24 Dec. 1831.- Don, Hist. Dich. P1. 4: 446. 1838. Nov. Gen. Sp. violaceum DC. Hort. Monsp.87. 1813.- Kunth, Capsicum P1. 8: 49. 1818.- Fingerh.Monogr.Gen. Capsici 23. 1832.- Don, Hist. Dich. Pl. 4: 447. 1838.-Dunal in DC. Prodr.181: 423. 1852. bicolor Capsicum (Jacq.).-Bot. Mag. 43. t. 1835. 1816.-Linn. Sp. PI. 4: 564. 1819 [ed. Rom. et Schult.].- Link,Enum. Pl. Hort. Reg. Berol. 1: 190. 1821.- Fingerh.Monogr.Gen. Capsici 15. t. 3. f. a. 1832.- Don, Hist. Dich. P1.4: 446. 1838.- Dunal in DC. Prodr.181: Bot. Herald 401. 1852-57.- Miquel,Fl. Ned. 413. 1852.- Seemann, Ind. 2: 660. 1856. Willd. Herb.- Linn. Syst.4: 809. 1819[ed. Ronm. et CapsicumQuitense Schult.]. Fide Index Kewensis.
A REVISION
77
with in. wide, moreor less blotched purpleespecially along the veins, smooth,slightly puffed;petiole--1. in. long. Pedunclesstraightor curvedon same plant, -11in. long, quite slender. Corolla spreading 34-7 in., purpleor purple striatealong the marginsof the petals. Ovary greenat first butsoonafterthe corolladropsbecoming a darkglossy or pendent,on same purple. Fruit upright,spreading, toa roundedor plant,2-4 in. long, j8 in. diam., tapering somnetimes acute apex, smooth or somewhatirregularly intothe calyx; curved,1-2 celled; base usuallynarrowing fleshabout 2- in. thick, quite firm, extremely pungent; a black or dark purple,ripeninginto deep orange-red withdingybrownspots. mottled
Corollawhite. usually not entirelycoveringthe flatbase of Calyx pateriform, the fruit.
++
striate. Corolla spreading about 1 in. Fruit 4-7 in. long, 4-1-a in. diam., oblong conical,frequently more or withan acute,roundedor sometimes less curved, obscurely 2-3 lobed apex, smooth,sometimesobscurelyfurrowed
bicolor Capsicum purpureum Fingerh.Monogr. Gen.Capsici 16. 1832.Dunal in DC. Prodr.131: 414. 1852. CapsicumIamiltonii Don, Hist. Dich. P1. 4: 447. 1838.- Dunal in DC. Prodr.131: 429. 1852. Capsicum longum violaceum Dunal in DC. Prodr.18': 424. 1852. NaruncaHort. Matr.ex Dun. in DC. Prodr.18': 414. 1852. Capsicum Fide Index Kewensis. Capsicum siliquis longis, propendentibus, purpureis. Haller, Enum. Hort. Gott.215. 1753.
* Burr, Field & Gard.Veg.622. 1863.- Vilmorin-And. Veg. Gard.150. 1885[Eng. ed. Robinson].-Bailey, Bull. Mich.Agr.Col. 31:39. 1887.Hort.Bot. 1812.- French,Piment CoralPeppers. Titford, rougelong, ordinaire. German, Piment long rouge Pfeffer. Langerrother
LONG RED.*
Branches often quite prominently purple
DC. Cat. Monsp.86. 1813.-Linn. Syst.4:1560. 1819 Capsicumlongum [ed. Rbm et Schult.].-Hornem. Hort. Hafn. Suppl. 27. 1819.Link, Enum. P1. Hort. Reg.Berol. 1: 190. 1821.- Miquel,Fl. Ind. 2:658. 1856; Mus. Lugd.-Bat.3: 117. 1867.
78
longitudinally, rarely subrugose, 2-celled; flesh Ii6-I in. thick, usually quite pungent, sometimes mild. A veryold and universallycultivatedvariety, especially in European countries. Dr. Palmer speaks of the Mexican plant corresponding to this variety as very common in cultivation in that country,being the universal market variety which bears abundantly. Several cases were seen condition at three years where plants were in quite a thrifty of age. These plants were four feet high, presenting a clunmsy appearance, with heavy branches hanging loosely about. The fruiton a single plant was variable in shape, straightor bent, smooth or wrinkled, slender or thickened. Fruit 4-6 in. long, 11 2 in. diam. at COUNTY FAIR.* the base, hornshaped, smooth, glossy, rounded at apex, often with obscure furrowsextending a part or the entire length, terminatingin a minutely lobed apex; fleshfirm, about I in. thick or more, mild and slightly juicy when ripe, somewhat pungent about the seeds, deep red. This is one of the most productive of the long varieties, as well as the best in quality, and merits a high place where pungent properties are not desired. It was introduced about 1892.- Plate 14, f. 1.
++ Calyx funnel form,usually entirely covering the base or sometimes obscurely embracing the fruit.
Plants not distinguishablefromLong Red. sometimes curved upwards, placing the fruitin Peduncles an erect position. Fruit 4-7 in. long, 3-14 in. diam., taperCARDINAL.t
*
Henderson, Cat.
1892.
Capsicum longum incrassatum Fingerh. Monogr. Gen. Capsici 24. t. 7. f. a. 1832.-Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 424. 1852. Capsicum Americanum, fructu oblongo, dulce (Plum.) Tournef. Inst. 153. 1700. Solanum mordens fructu propendente oblongo crasso. Weinmaan. Phyt. 349. t. 927. f. c. 1745. t Henderson, Cat. 1891.- Red Cardinal. 31: 40. 1887. Bailey, Bull. Mich. Ag. Col.
A REVISION
OF
THE
GENUS
CAPSICUM.
79
ing to a usually acute apex, usually curved and sometimes twisted, often obscurelyfurrowed; fleshabout -li in. thick, slig,htlypungent; seeds extremely pungent. Introduced about 1890.- Plate 13, f. 1. LONG YELLOW.* Fruit averages a little smaller than Long Red, otherwise the same except in color, which is a brightyellow, and in the calyx which is somewhat funnel form entirelycovering or slightly embracing the base of the fruit. A very old variety.- Plate 12, f. 2.
* Burr, Field & Gard. Veg. 622. 1863.-Vilmorin-And. Veg. Gard. 151. 1885 [Eng. ed. Robinson].-Long YellowFrench. Bailey, Bull. Mich. Agr. Col. 31: 38. 1887.- French, Pimentjaune long.-German, Langer gelber Pfeffer. Capsicum longumrectumFingerh. Monogr. 25. t. 7. f. c. luteumHort. Vilmorin-And.Fl. Pleine Terre 884. 1870 Capsicum loutgum [3d ed. ]. Piper Indicum propendentibus siliquis etc. diff. 3. Siliqua flava, vel aurea. Bauhin. Pinax 102. 1623. Capsicum siliqua flava breviore. Parkinson, Theat. Bot. 857. f. 18. 1640. Capsicum siliqua flava longiore. Parkinson, Theat. Bot. 358. 1640. Piper longum siliquis luteis. Jonstonus, Dendrog. t. 56. 1662. Piper siliqua flava. Jonstonus, Dendrog. t. 56. 1662. Capsicum siliquis flavis. Magnol, Hort. Reg. Monsp. 42. 1697. Capsicum sive Piper Indicuimsiliqua flava vel aurea oblonga. Morison, Hist. P1. Oxon. 3: 530. 1699. Capsicuim sive Piper Indicum siliqua flava lata. Morison, Hist. P1. Oxon. 3: 530. 1699. Capsicum fructu flavescente. Tournef.Inst.152. 1700.- Tillus,Cat. P1. Hort. Pisa. 30. 1723.-Boerhaave, Index P1. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 68. 1727. Piper Indicum Aureum latum. Hort. Eyst. 1. Aut. Ord. 1: 9. f. 2. 1713. Piper Indicum Siliquis flavis. Hort. Eyst. 1. c. f. 1. Capsicum; fructuflavo, pyramidato, oblongo, nunc erecto, nunc nutante. Miller, Gard. Dict. 1731 [no. 11]. Capsicum; siliqua lata; nervosa; longa; recurva lutea. Boerhaave, Index P1. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 69. 1727. Capsicum; siliqua propeudente; aurea; incurva. Boerhaave, Index P1. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 69. 1727. Capsicum; siliquis recurvis; luteis. Boerhaave, Index P1. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 68. 1727. Solanum mordens fructuaureo lato. Weinmann. Phyto. 349. t. 928. f. b. 1745. Solanum mordens siliquis flavis. Weinmann. Phyto. 349. t. 928.f. c. 1745.
80
+- ++
MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Calyx usually seated in a basal depression.
nal. Fruit 6-9 in. long, rarelyabout a foot,21-34 in. and wrinkled, diam., deeply furrowed taperinggradually 3-4 lobed apex,oftenmuch from the base to a prominently curvedand twisted,dark red; flesh somewhatpungent. Introduced about 1892.-Plate 13, f. 2. at base, very rugoseandirregular in form;flesh quitethick (about * in.), slightlypungent. Introduced about 1888. Because of the manypeculiarcontortions it ordinarily assumesit is oftenconsidered a monstrosity.Plate 14, f. 2, and plate 15, f. 1.
++
4-
ELEPHANT'S TRUNK.* Evidently a large formof Cardi-
PROCOPP'sGIANT.
Fruit 5-8 in. long, 14-24 in. diam.
++
++ Calyx usually cup-shaped and inclosing base of fruit.
IVORY TuSK.: Plant quite a rankgrower. Peduncles slender. Fruit 3-6 in. long, I-- in. diam., pendent, straight or slightly usuallysmoothat first, the ripe curved, fruit often with few shallow longitudinalfurrows,the glossysurfaceof the unripefruit resembling a tusk,often of an ivorywhite sometimestinged with green, finally becoming a deep red; flesh medium thin, moderately pungent. Introduced in 1894, and not yet very generallydisseminated.- Plate 11, f. 2. and a a Fruit oblate or oblong, truncated,deeplylobed, furrowed wrinkled;fleshmild,+-1 in. thick. C. annuum grossum Sendt.
Capsicum gros8um Linn. Mant.47.
1767.- Thunb.Fl. Jap. 93. 1784.Linn. Syst.226. 1784 [ed. 14. Murray].- Aiton,Hort.Kew. 1: 254. d' 4lephant.-German, Seed Cat. 1895.- French, Trompe Benary,
Elephanten-Rilssel.
41: 582, Gartenflora Haage & Schmidt, proboscideum. annuum Capsicum 583,f. 125. 1892. - German, Procopp'sriesenPfeffer. Seed Cat. 1894. t Benary, : Childs,Cat. 1894. Fingerh.Monogr. Gen. Capsici 22. t. 6. f. c. ceratocarpum. Capsicum 1832.-Dunal in DC. Prodr.131: 423. 1852.
A REVISION
81
1789.-Desfont. Fl. Atlant. 1:196. 1789-1800.-Linn. Sp. P1. 1: 1061. 1797 [ed. Willd.].-Miller, Gard. Dict. 1797 [ed. Martyn].Enc. Meth. 6: Lam. Enc. Meth. 2: 26. 1793 [no. 2389].-Poiret, 326. 1804.- Persoon, Syn. P1. 1: 230. 1805.- Hornem. Hort. 1813.-Linn. Syst. 4: 562. 1819 [ed. RMm. et Hafn. 1: 223. Schult.].-Moon, Cat. P1. Cey. 16. 1824.-Fingerh. Monogr. Gen. 1832.- Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1: 574. 1832.-Nees Capsici 21. t. 5-6. von Esenb. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 162. 1832.-Don, Hist. Dich. P1. 4: 445. 1838.- Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 422. 1852.- Miquel, Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 659. 1856.- Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 239. 1885. Capsicum angulosum Miller, Gard. Dict. 1771 [no. 4. 6th ed.].- Linn. Monogr. Gen. Syst. 4: 561. 1819 [ed.Rom.etSchult.].-Fingerh. Capsici 27. t. 8. f. a. 1832.-Don, Hist. Dich. P1. 4: 445. 1838.Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 426. 1852. Capsicum silvestreVell. Fl. Flum. Repr. in Rio de Jan. Archiv. Mus. Nac. 5: 58. 1881. annuurnrugulo8um Fingerh. Monogr. 13. t. 2. f. b. 1832. Capsicumn Capsicum angulosum ovale Fingerh. Monogr. 28. t. 8. f. b. 1832.- Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13': 426. 1852. Capsicum anqulosum conicum Fingerh. Monogr. 28. 1832.- Dunal In DC. Prodr. 131: 426. 1852. Fingerh. Monogr. Gen. Capsici 22. t. 5.f. c. Capsicum grossumpomiferum 1832.-Don, Hist. Dich. P1. 4: 446. 1838.- Dunal In DC. Prodr. 131: 423. 1852. Capsicum grossum ovatum Fingerh. Monogr. Gen. Capsici 22. t. 5. f. d. 1832.- Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13': 423. 1852. Capsicum grossum cordatum Fingerh. Monogr. Gen. Capsici 22. t. 6. f. von Esenb. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 63. 1832. a. 1832.-Nees b. 1832.- Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13': 423. 1852. Capsicum Chamaecerasus Nees von Eseub. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 65. 1832. Capsicum grossumgtobosumDon, Hist. Dich. P1. 4: 446. 1838. Don, Hist. Dich. P1. 4: 446. 1838. Capsicum grossumbifidum CapsicumpomiferumSteud. Nom. 1: 279. 1840 [ed. 2]. Capsicum annuum grossumSendt. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 10: 147. 1846.Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Plant. 449. 1891. Capsicum annuunirugosum Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 412. 1852. Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 426. 1852. Capsicum angutosum macrocarpurn Capsicum Axi (Blume). Vell. Fl. Flum. Repr. in Rio de Jan. Arch. Mus. Nac. 5: 59. 1881.- Dunalin DC. Prodr. 131: 428. 1852. Siliquastrum quartum. Fuch. Hist. Stirp. Basil. 734. f. 1542. Capsicon latum. Fuch. Hist. Stirp. Basil. 427. f. 1.545. Siliquastrum latum. Fuch. Hist. Stirp. Lugd. 694. f. 1551. Capsicum latum. Dodon. Post. Trium. Ant. 183.f. 1554. Capsicum latis siliquis. Dodon. Hist. Stirp. Pempt. 705. f. 1583; 717. f. 1616. 6
Capsicum
annuum angulosum
Miller, Gard. Dict.
1797 [ed.
Martyn].
Monogr.Gen. Capsici 22. t. 6. f. Fingerh. angulosum grossum Capsicum
82
MISSOURI
BOTANICAL GARDEN.
Piperis Indici varietas. Matth. Opera 434. f. 1598; 434. f. 1674. Piper cum siliqua lata ac rugosa. Greg. de Reg. in Clus. Cur. Post. 99100. f. 8. 1611.-Jonstonus, Dendrog. t. 56. 1662.- Raius, Hist. P1. 1: 678. 1686. Capsicum siliqua lata & rugosa. Parkinson, Theat. Bot. 357-358. f. 3. 1640. Capsicum bifurcata siliqua. Parkinson, Theat. Bot. 358. 1640. Capsicum siliqua latiore & rotundiore. Bauhin. Hist. Pl. 2: 943. f. 1651.-Tournef. Inst. 152. 1700.- Boerhaave, Index. P1. 2: 69. 1727.-Miller, Gard.Dict. 1771 [ed. 6]. Piper Capsicum siliqua latiore & rotundiore. Chabraeus, Omn. Stirp. Sciag. 297. f. 1677. Capsicum seu Piper Indicum siliqua longa ampliore & dulciore Mexi. canum. Morison, P1. [list. Oxon. 3: 529. 1699. Capsicum sive Piper Indicum longum ventre tumido, siliqua per summum tetragona. Morison, PI. Hist. Oxon. 8: 529. 1699. Capsicum sive Piper Indicum maximum obtusum. Morison, Pl. Hist. Oxon. 3: 530. 1699. Capsicum fructulongo, ventre tumido, per summum tetragono. Tournef. Inst. 152. 1700. Capsicum fructu bifido. Tournef. Inst. 152. 1700.- Tillus, Cat. P1. Pisa. 30. 1723.-Boerhaave, Index P1. 2: 69. 1727. Capsicum fructu tereti, oblongo, latifolium. Tillus, Cat. P1. Pisa. 80. 1723. Capsicum; siliqua lata nervosa; rubra. Boerhaave, Index P1. 9: 69. 1727. Capsicum; Africanum, fructu pyramidali pendulo rugosissimo. Miller, Gard. Dict. 1731 [no. 4]. Capsicum; fructu maximo, oblongo rugoso plerumnque nutante rubro. Miller, Gard. Dict. 1731 [no. 18]. Solanum mordens bifurcata siliqua. Weinmann. Phyt. 349. t. 928. f. a. 1745. Turbilo-Pepper, I-ughes, 1-ist. Barb. 213. 1750. Fide Maycock, Fl. Barb. 104. 1830.
Plants herbaceous, 1-2 ft. high. Branches green, often warty, glabrous, much enlarged at the nodes. Nodes slightly blotched with purple, subhairy. Leaves thick, dark green, often glossy on the upper surface, ovate, acuminate or sometimes obtuse; lower ones verylarge, usually 3-5 in. long, 21-31 in. wide, usually pendent, more or less wrinkled, often slightly involute; veins prominent, rarely subpilose on the under surface; petioles 2-3 in. long, stout, deeply channeled: upper ones smaller, quite erect, rarely wrinkledor involute. Peduncles stout, X-1 in. long,
A REVISION
OF
THE
GENUS
CAPSICUM.
83
often swollen at the base, abruptlynarrowingjust above, gradually enlarging toward the calyx end. Corolla large, spreading li in., coarse, dingy white. Fruit large, oblate, oblong, or truncated, deeply 3-4 lobed, usually with a basal depression, more or less sulcate and rugose, 3-4 celled; flesh-, in. thick, firm,and of a mild flavor.
Fruitpendent, not usuallyoblate. Fruit subconical,usually taperingto a narrow lobed or obscurely rounded sometimes apex. EMPEROR.* Plants about 2 ft. high, vigorous. Fruit 3-5 in. long, 1j-2- in. diam.,t tapering toward the apex, giving a broadly conical form, slightly furrowed; apex rounding or obscurely lobed; flesh medium thick, slightly pungent. = Fruit subconical or prismatic, slightlytaperingto a 8 to 4 lobed apex, decidedly longerthanbroad. MONSTROUS.t Plants 2-21- ft. high, vigorous, much branched and with a dense foliage. Peduncles curved or rarely straight. Fruit 3-6 in. long, 1j-2j in. diam., cylindro-conical,3-5 shallow furrowsextendingthe entire length, often transversely sulcate and very rugose, 3-5 lobed, 2-3 celled; flesh1- in. thick, slightly pungent, dark red. A late but prolific variety, orignated in France and introduced to notice in this country about 1867.Plate 16.
* Giant Emperor. Thorburn, Cat. 1883.- Bailey, Bull. Mich. Agr. Col. 31: 40. 1887. t Henderson, Cat. 1883, and Thorburn, Cat. 1884, give the size of the fruitas 3 by 1j in., which is evidently a mistake. I Vilmorin-And. Veg. Gard. 153. 1885 [Eng. ed. Robinson].- Monstrous, or Grossum. Henderson, Cat. 1876.- Spanish Monstrous. Thorburn, Cat. 1884.- Monstrosum. Burr, Cat. 1886.- Crimson Queen. Tillinghast, Cat. according to Dr. Sturtevant.-French, Piment monstrueux.- German, Sehr grossermilder monstroser Pfeffer. Capsicum grossum monstrosum Hort. 884. 1870 [3d ed.]. Vilmorin-And. Fl. Pleine Terre
84
SWEET SPANISH.* Evidently only a form of Monstrous. Fruit 4-6 in. long, 2-3 in. diam., but slightly tapering toward the apex, usually with three or four furrowsextending fromthe base to the apex, giving a uniformlyprismatic shape with rounded angles.- Plate 17. YELLOW SPANISH.t Identical with the preceding except that the fruitis of a bright yellow color.
= Fruit squarish, subtruncate, slightly longer than broad, sometimes very oblate; apical end often much contorted.
3
BELL.: Plant like the Monistrous. Fruit 2-3 in. long, 1l-2- in. diam., subtruncate, 3-4 prominentfurrowsextending the entire length, often with one or more secondary furrows between the prominent ones near the base which vanish toward the apex, often lobed about a central nipple and sometimes much contorted at the apex, 3-4 celled; flesh l in. thick, slightly pungent. The fruit appears exceptionally subject to great variation, and very oblate forms often appear which are almost identical with the Squash pepper. Professor Bailey? has recorded a variation toward the Cayenne type. The oblate form of Bell may usually be recognized by a slight projection at the apical end, while in the Squash variety this character is usually wanting.- Plate 18, and plate 19, f. 1.
* Burr, Field and Gard. Veg. 625. 1863.- Quince-Pepper. Burr, 1. c. 623.- Large Sweet Spanish. Landreth, Cat. 1881.- Spanish Mammoth. Vilmorin-And. Veg. Gard. 153. 1885 [Eng. ed. Robinson].- New Sweet Spanish. Henderson, Cat. 1887.- French, Piment doux d'Espagne.-
Bother milder German, spanischer Pfeffer.
t This name is given to the yellow form of Spanish Mammoth, according to Vilmorin-And. Veg. Gard. 1. c.
$ Burr, Field & Gard. Veg. 617. 1863.-Red Prince. Everitt, Cat. 1887.- Bell, or Bull Nose. Hend. Gard. for Profit264. 1887 [3d ed.].Sweet Spanish. Bailey, Bull. Mich. Agr. Col. 31: 41. 1887.- Bull Nose. Landreth, Cat. 1894.-French, Piment gros carrddoux, Pimentcloche. ? Bull, Mich. Agr. Col. 31: 87. 1887.
A REVISION
85
-= Fruit squarish,subtruncate, slightly longerthanbroad,neither oblate norwithapex contorted. SWEET MOUNTAIN.* Plants 1- -2 ft. high. Branches comparatively few. Fruit 3 -4 in. long, 2 -3 in. diam., not tapering toward the apex, 3 - 4 shallow furrows extending the entire length,usually uniformly 3-lobed; fleshmild. Originated about1865. This variety is sometimesconsidered a synonymof smaller Bell but the uniformly plantsand largerand milder which are not as subjectto greatvariation, fruits, makeit quite distinct, though at most it is but a subvariety or improved form.- Plate 19, f. 2, and plate 20. GOLDEN DAWN.f Not usuallydistinguishable fromthe last except that the fruitis of a beautifulgoldenyellow color. It oftenvaries to subconical without in increasing length. Introduced about 1882.- Plate 21, f. 2. tapering.
-_ =Fruit
thanbroad,usuallyslightly subtruncate, squarish, longer
Plant not distinguishable RUBY KING. fromi Sweet Mountain. Fruit 4-7 in. long, 2-4 in. diam., deeply4-5 furrowed and lobed, usuallyslightlytapering towardthe apex; fleshslightly pungent. A very large formof Bell. about 1884.-Plate 21, f. 1. Introduced GOLDEN KING ? is said to have originated as a sport
* Burr, Field & Gard. Veg. 625. 1863.- Bailey, Bull. Mich. Agr. orMammoth. Col. 31: 41. 1887.- Sweet Hend. Gard.forProfit Mountain, 264. 1886.-French, Piment carrddotux d'Amdrique.-German, Eckiger rother sUsser dicker kur*er Pfeffer. Cat. 1883.- Hend. Gard.forProfit265. 1886[3d ed.].t Thorburn, DawnMango. Sibley,Cat. 1884.- Yellow Bell. Bailey,Bull. Mich. Golden Agr.Col. 31: 41. 1887.- YellowNocre. Notesand figures by Dr. Sturtevant,seed from Batchelor, 1887.- Sweet GoldenDawn. Thorburn, Cat. 1887.- GoldenMango. Seed fromChilds, 1892.-French,Piment earrd jaune hatif. 265. 1886 [3d ed.].- New Large Scarlet. t Hend. Gard. for Profit Batchelor, seed, 1887. ? Burpee, Cat. 1894.- Mammoth GoldenQueen. Storrs& Harrison, Cat.1882.seed, 1887.- French,Piment OrangeMammoth.Livingston, mammoth jaune d'or.
86
from Ruby King about 1886. The fruit appears to be a little shorter in proportion to the diameter than Ruby King, otherwisethe same except that the color is a bright golden yellow. Introduced about 1893.- Plate 22, f. 1.
-+
Fruit erect, not usually oblate.
Plant about 2 ft. high, foliage ratherdense. Leaves 3-5 in. long, ovate acuminateto ovate obtuse. Penduncles 1-14 in. long, comparativelyslender, sometimes slightly bent under weight of fruit. Fruit 2-5 in. long, 1-21 in. diam., prismatic,subconic or subtruncate, irregularly rugose, rarely nearly smooth, in general 2-3 lobed at apex, 2-3 deep furrowsat base becoming obscure or lost at the middle; base usually depressed; fleshfirm, about j in. thick, mild; seeds acrid. Introduced about 1890.-Plate 23. GOLDEN UPRIGHT.t About 14 ft. high, with few large stout branches. Leaves dark green, few. Fruit yellow, 3-4 in. long, 2-3 in. diam., subtruncate,deeply 3-4 lobed, flator slightly depressed at base, 3-4 shallow sinuses radiating from the calyx, vanishing toward the middle, reappearing
BRAZILIAN UPRIGHT.*
Cat. 1892. NewBrazilianSweet Upright.Thorburn, majus surrectum. Greg. de Reg. in Clus. Cur. Post. Piper rotundum f. 1. 1611.-Raius, Hist. P1. 1: 677. 1686. 96-97. rotundis,diff.1. maximumobtusum. Piper Indicum siliquis surrectis Bauhin.Pinax 103. 1623. Piper Indicumsiliquis surrectis& oblongis. diff.4. siliqua bifurcata. Bauhin.Pinax 103. 1623. Theat. Bot. 856-357. majus surrectum. Parkinson, Capsicumrotundum f. 3. 1640. P1. Hist. Oxon. sivePiper Indicumsiliquabifurcata. Morison, Capsicum 8: 530. 1699. siliqua. Hort.Eyst. 1. Autum.Ord. 1: 8. f. 2. riper Indicumbifurcata 1713. Piper Indicum maximumrotundumerectum. Hort. Eyst. 1. Autum. Ord. 1: 11.f. 1. 1713. plerumqueerecto. fructu rugosissimo pyramidale CapsicumAfricanum; Miller,Gard.Dict. 1731[no. 5]. t Burpee, Cat. 1883.- Golden Upright Sweet Mango. Benary,Cat. Cat. 1893-4. 1898-4.- YellowNocre. Benary,
*
A REVISION
87
and becoming deeper towardapex, usually 1-2 obscure sinuses betweenlarger ones, subrugose,3-4 celled; flesh firm and sweet; seeds slightlyacrid. The fruit has a to elongate,becomingsubconical,oftennippled tendency at the apex and sometimesobscurelyfurrowed. Introduced 1887.-Plate 22, f. 2.
.-+ .+
++ Fruit pendent, very oblate.
branches. Peduncles 1-li in. long, stout,much enlarged towardcalyx end. Fruit truncate,very oblate, 1-2 in. long, 2-3 in. diam., usuallywith three or more deep furfrombase to or near the apex and numer-. rowsextending ones abouthalf as long, 2-3 celled; flesh ous obscure firm, d in. thick,ratherinsipid,slightlypungent,oftenwith a trace of tomato flavor. This is a verylate varietyand not an abundant bearer. The fruitis excellent for mangoes.- Plate 24, and plate 25, f. 1.
*
SQUASH.* Plant 1-2 ft.highwithfew stout,quite erect
And. Veg. Gard. 154. 1885 [Eng. ed. Robinson].- Squash or Tomato. Shaped. Hend. Gard. for Proflt 265. 1886 [3d ed.].- Red Tomato. Bailey, Bull. Mich. Agr. Col. 31: 41. 1887.- New Dwarf Early Recd Squash. Burpee, Cat. 1893.- French, Piment tomate,Piment tomatenain
or American Bonnet Pepper. Vilmorin. Capsicum 41. 1887.-Red Tomato
Burr, Field & Gard. 624. 1863.- Bailey, Bull. Mich. Agr. Col. 81:
rother Pfeffer. hatif.- German, Liebesapfelfriichtiger
4: 561. 1819 [ed. MWm.et Schult.].-Link, Enum. P1. Hort. Reg. Berol. 1: 190. 1821.- Fingerh. Monogr. Gen. Capsici 30. t. I0. list. Dich. Pl. 4: 445. 1838.- Miquel, Fl. Ned. f. d. 1832.-Don, IDd. 2: 658. 1856. Miller, Gard. Diet. 1797 [ed. Martyn]. Capsicum annuumtetragonum Hort. Linn. Syst. 4: 561. 1819 [ed. R6m. et Capsicum cydoniaeforme Schult.]. Fingerh. in Steud. Nom. 279. 1840 [2d ed.]. Capsicum tomatifor-me Capsicum dulce Hort. Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 428. 1852. Capsicumngrossum lycopersicoidesVilmorin-And. Fl. Pleine Terre 884. 1870 [3d ed.]. Piper Indicum fructu dependente Pomi amoris forms. Bauhin. Pinax 102. 1623.- Raius, Hist. P1. 1: 678. 1686. Solanum mordens seu Capsicum latifolium mali Aethiopici, etc. Plukenetius, Phyto. 1. t. 227. f. 1. 1692.
Miller, Gard. Diet. 1771 [no. 8. ed. 6].- Linn. Syst. tetragonum Capsioum
88
Identical with the preceding exYELLOW SQUASH. * cept that the fruitis of a brightyellow color.
a a a Fruit subconical, ovate or elliptical, slightly longer than broad, 1-2 in. long; calyx not embracing base.
C. annuum abbreviatum Fingerh.

annuum abbreviatum Fingerh.Monogr.14. t. 2. f. 1. Capsicum
Plants suffrutescent,1-2 ft. high. Branches numerous, erect or in some varieties loosely spreading, deep green, smooth, slender, distinctly angled, sometimes sulcate. Leaves broadly ovate, 2-4 in. long, 1j-2j in. wide, minutely ciliate, usually deep green above, much paler below, extending slightly into the petiole, often puffed, sometimes smooth and glossy. Peduncles 1-1l in. long, about as long as or longer than the fruit, rarely in twos, medium slender, straight or curved in differentvarieties, smooth, or on younger specimens subhairy. Calyx seated on the base, of the fruit. Corolla medium, spreading about i in., dingy white. Fruit 1-2 in. long, varying much with differentvarieties, in general ovate, usually more or less rugose except in the Etna variety, sometimes turbinate,red or yellow when ripe, often variously blotched withbrown or light yellow before ripening.
Capsicum sive Piper Indicum latifolium Mali Aethiopici fructu magnostriato. Morison, Hist. P1. Oxon. 3: 529. 1699. Capsicum seu Piper Indicum Pomi amoris forma. Morison, Hist. nl. Oxon. 3: 529. 1699. Capsicum fructu rotundo, maximo. Tournef. 158. 1700.- Tillus, Pisa. 30. 1723. Piper Indicum rotundummaximum. Hort. Eyst. 1. Autum. Ord. 1: 10.f. 1. 1718. Capsicum; latifolium; Mali Aethiopici etc. Boerhaave, Index P1. Lugd.Bat. 2: 69. 1727. Solanum seu Piper Indicum maximum. Weinmann. Phyt. 4: 849. C. 928.
f. d. 1745.
German, Liebesapfelfri2chtiger gelberPfeffer.
* Burr, Field & Gard. Veg. 626. 1863.-French, Pirnent tomate jaune.
Capsicum grossum Zycopersicoides luteum Hort. Vilmorin-And. Fl. Pleine Terre 884. 1870 [3d ed.].
A REVISION
89
* Fruit erect. Light yellow or straw-color before ripening.
CELESTIAL.* Plants very erect, about 1-i ft. high, conical in form, rather compact, moderately branchy. Leaves rather lighter green and smaller than in other varieties of this group; petioles slender. Peduncles 1-1lI in. long, straight,slender, stout, scarcelv enlarging toward the calyx end. Fruit erect, 1 21 in. long, 1-1+1 in. diam., ovate, subconical, or subpyramidal,rarely much elongated, smooth, or obscurely wrinkled; apex acute, rounded, or sometimues obscurely lobed; base flat,usually not entirely covered by the calyx; unripe of a greenish yellow or dingy white often with numerous purplish brown spots, later becoming more yellow or straw color, finallya bright red, -11--jin. thick, extremely 2-3 celled; fleshmoderatelyfirm, pungent. Introduced about 1887, having been brought from China some years before. The fruit begins setting early, lasting nearly all summer. The lower ones ripening one or two weeks earlier than the others and borne, as most of them are, in large numbers beyond the leaves, the various colors on the same plant present an unusually novel appearance, making it especially desirable as a pot plant.-Plate 25, f. 2 and plate 26, f. 1.
+-
Neither light yellow, nor straw-color.
Plants about 1l ft. high. Branches numerous, quite diffusely spreading. Leaves medium, 11-3
ETNA.f
* Thorburn, Cat. 1888.- Childs' Improved Celestial. Childs, Cat. 1894.- French, Piment chinois.
Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 429. 1852. Capsicum leucocarpum Capsicum; Americanum, latifolium, fructu oblongo, erecto, candido. Miller, Gard. Dict. 1731 [no. 17].- Fingerh. Monogr. 32. 1832. t Red Etna. Burpee, Cat. 1893. Piper oblongum erectum majus pyramidale. Greg. de Reg. in Clus. Cur. Post. 97-98.f. 2. 1611.- Raius,Hist. P1. 1: 677. 1686. Piper erectum minus pyramidale. Greg. de Reg. in Clus. Cur. Post. 97-98. f. 3. 1611.- Raius, list. P1. 1: 677. 1686.
90
in. long, 1-1k in. wide. Fruit 1-2 in. long, A-1x in. diam., at first ovate or subconical, often becoming subtruncate and obscurely 2, 3, or rarely 4 lobed with the same number of shallow furrows, dark red; flesh about in. thick, slightly pungent. Only moderately productive. Introduced in 1890.- Plate 27, f. 2.
* * Fruitpendent. or straw Changingfromgreento lightyellow -colorbefore ripening.
KALEIDOSCOPE.* Plants vigorous, about 2 ft. high, spreading 21-3 ft. Branches long, slender,loosely spreading. Leaves medium large for the group, often smooth, glossy, and thick; petioles sometimeslongerthan the blade. Peduncles slender, obscurely canaliculate, curved. Fruit nodding or pendent, 1-11 in. long, 3-1 in. diam., oval or elliptical, abruptly narrowing toward both ends, usually mucronate,often with a rigid bristlyprojection at the apex, subrugose, numerous shallow furrows extending a part or the entire length, changing in color from green to yellowish green, and yellowish red, finally a bright red; flesh about I- in. thick, moderatelyfirm, mild. Introduced 1890. Valuable mainly as gn ornamental.- Plate 25, f. 3, and plate 26, f. 2.
Capsicum erectumpyramidale majus. Parkinson,Theat. Bot. 356. f. 1640. Capsicum erectumpyramnidale minus. Parkinson, Theat. Bot. 357. f. 1640.
* Childs, Cat. 1891.- German, Kaleidoscop.
Piper Indicum fructu aculeato. Bauhin. Pinax 102. 1623.-Raius, Hist. PI. 1: 678. 1686. sive Piper Indicum Capsicum fructu aculeato majus. Morison, Hist. P1. Oxon. 3: 529. 1699. Solanum urensfructu aculeato. Morison,Hist. P1. Oxon. Sect. 13. t. 2. f. 16. 1699. Capsicum fructu aculeato, minori. Tournef.Inst. 153. 1700.-Tillus. Cat. P1. Pisa. 30. 1723. Capsicumfructu 1. c. aculeato,majori. Tournef. PiperIndicum rotundum aculeatum. Hort.Eyst. 1. Aut.Ord. 1: 12 f. 1. 1713. Piper Indicum orbiculatum medium. Hort. Eyst. 1. c. f. 2.
A REVISION
91
Not changing from green to light yellow. Usually more or less turbinate.
RED WRINKLED.* Plants 1-2 ft. high,ofteni spreading 2-3 ft. Branchesoftenpurplestriate. Leaves 2-34 in. long, 11 2 in. wide; petioles 1-1+ in. long. Peduncles curved,usually i-1 in. long, slender,slightlyenlarged towardcalyx end. Corolla greenishwhite,spreading 2i in. Fruit veryrugose, about 1 in. long, 3-7 in. diam., pendent or nodding,usually turbinate, with projecting bright red whenripe.- Plate 27, f. 3. nipples, YELLOW WRIN:KLED. t Identical with the preceding is of a bright except that the fruit yellowcolor.
++
Not usually turbinate.
branches numerous, slender, stiff, puberulent,scarcely morehairyat the nodes,leaves oftenpuffedor wrinkled, 2-31 in. long, 1-22 in. wide,pubescenton veins below, short. Peduncles ciliate; petiolesmedium usuallycurved, smooth. Corollagreenishwhite,usuallyspreadslender, 1-1- in. ing about 3-in. Fruit conicalto ovate-elliptical, long,.-1 in. diam.,moreor less sulcate,rarely turbinate, at first darkgreen,becoming blotchedwith purple,filnally
*
PRINCESSOF
WALES.
4-Plants
1-141 ft. high, quite erect,
rother Runxziier Pfeffer.
Thorburn's Fancy Red Wrinkled. Thorburn, Cat. 1892- German,
Capsicum umbilicatumVell. Fl. Flum. Repr. in Rio de Jan. Arch. Mus. Nac. 6: 60. 1881.- Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 428. 1852.- Sturt. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 16: 108. 1888. t Thorburn, Cat. 1892.- German, RunzligergelberPfeffer. 4 Williams, Cat. 1878. Capsicum luteum Lam. Ene. Meth. 2: 26. 1793 [no. 2392].- Poiret, Enc. Meth. 6: 327. 1804.- Linn. Syst. 4: 462. 1819 [ed. RMm.et Schult.].- Fingerh. Monogr. 26. t. 8. f. c. 1832.- Don, Hist. Dich. P1. 4: 445. 1838.- Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 425. 1852. Piper siliquaflava. Greg. deReg. in Clus. Cur. Post. 102.f. 12. 1611.Raius, Hist. Pl. 1: 678. 1686. Solanum mordens seu Capsicum fructu flavescente. Weinmann. 349. t.
930.f.a
1745.
92
a lemon yellow, usually 4-celled, extremelypungent. An ornamental English variety which originated about 1876 and is said to be the result of a cross between Prince of Wales and Yellow Gem, possessing the habit of the former and fruitof the latter. Not very generally catalogued by American seedsmen.
a a a a Fruit generally smooth,oval, spherical, cherryor heart shaped, 1-14 in. in diameter; calyx seated on the base.
C. annuum cerasiforme (Miller).

1771 [no. 6. ed. 6]. ovatum DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 86. 1813.- Poiret, Eno. Meth. Capsicumn Suppl. 4: 414. 1816.- Linn. Syst. 4: 561. 1819 [ed. WUm.et Schult.].- Fingerh. Monogr. 28. t. 9. f. b. 1832. -Don, Hist. Dich. Pl. 4: 445. 1838.- Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13': 426. 1852. Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13': 426. 1852. oxycarpum Capsicum Piper cum siliqua olivaria. Greg. de Reg. in Clus. Cur. Post. 99-100. f. 6. 1611.- Jonstonus,Dendrog. t. 56. 1662.- Raius, Hist. P1. Oxon. 1: 677. 1686. Piper Indicum propendentibus siliquls rotundis, diff.3. siliqua olivari. Bauhin. Pinax 102. 1623. Capsicum siliqua Olivaria propendens. Parkinson, Theat. Bot. 357. f. 10. 1640.- Morison, Hist. Pl. Oxon. 3: 529. 1640. Capsicum siliqua Olivaria erecta. Parkinson, Theat. Bot. 357. 1640. Solanum urens siliqua propendente, etc. Morison, Hist. PI. Oxon. Sect. 13. t. 2. f. 12. 1699. Capsicum sive Piper Indicum perenne siliqua Olivae magnitudine & forma. Morison, list. P1. Oxon. 3: 530. 1699. Capsicum siliqua Olivae forma. Tournef. Inst. 153. 1700. Capsicum; fructu Olivario erecto. Miller, Gard. Dict. 1731 [no. 13]. Miller, Gard. Dict. Olivaeform. Capsicum
1-2 ft. high, spreading 2-2j. ft., Plants suffrutescent, dense rather with foliage. Branches numerous, quite uniformly4-angled, green or purplish striate,purple and much enlarged at nodes. Leaves ovate or oblong acuminate, 1j. 3l in. long, 1- in. wide, flat,usually slightlywrinkled, margins usually subeiliate ; petioles medium slender, 4-1 in. long. Peduncles curved or straighton differentplants or in. long, stout, much enlarged often on the same plant, t--4 Calyx toward calyx end, solitary, sometimes in twos. somewhatwrinkled,seated on base of fruit. Corolla large, dingy white,spreading 7-11 in. Fruit spherical,subcordate,
A REVISION
OF
THE
GENUS
CAPSICUM.
93
oblate, or occasionally obscurely pointed or slightlyelongated, erect, spreading, or pendent, -1i in. diam., smooth rugose or sulcate, when unripe often or veryrarelyminutely more or less blotched with purple on side next the sun; fleshfirm, L-4 in. thick, extremelypungent.
* Fruit
1-4 in. in diameter, oval or lemon-shaped.
LITTLE GEM.* Plant about 1a ft. high. Leaves medium small, larger ones 2 in. long by 1 in. wide; petioles rather short. Peduncles straight or slightly curved. Corolla obscurely greenish white, spreading about 8 in. Fruit globular, ovate, or elliptical, about j in. diam., usually erect, smooth, red, usually 3-celled, extremely pungent. Introduced in England about 1881. Not generally catalogued by American seedsmen. Plant stout, upright-spreading, PRINCE OF WALES.t 12-15 in. high. Leaves 2-24 in. long, 1-14 in. wide. Peduncles curved, long and slender. Fruit small, about in. diam., lemon-shaped, bright yellow. A very old and prolificvarietyformerlymuch cultivated in Europe as an ornamentalplant.
.
* *
Fruit A-1in. in diameter, generally cherry-shaped.
CHERRY.t Plant 2-24 ft. high, quite woody and very spherical or branchy. Fruit 2-1 in. diam. quite uniformly cherry-shaped, smooth, sometimes obscurely furrowed; fleshfirm,about - in. thick, extremelypungent, dark red.
* Floral Magazine pl. 479. 1881.- Williams' Little Gem. Williams, Cat. 1882.- Miniature Tom Thumb. Batchelor, seed, 1887.-Creole or Bird's Eye. Thorburn, Cat. 1893.
t Veitch, Cat. 1872.- German, Prinz von Wales Pfeffer. Capsicum sive Piper Indicum siliqua flava ovall. Morison, Hist. P1. 3: 530. 1699.
t Burr, Field and Gard. Veg. 620. 1863.- Vilmorin-And. Veg. Gard. 152. 1885 [Eng. ed. Robinson].- Round or Large Cherry-Pepper. Burr, 1. c. 624.- Cranberry.Hend. Gard for Profit265. 1886.- Bailey, Bull, Mich. Agr. Col. 31: 37. 1887.- Red French. Bailey, 1. c. 38. Piment
94
Although a well-fixedvariety, elongated and very oblate formsof the fruitoccasionally appear, especially from seed received under the name Cranberry.- Plate 28, f. 2 and 4.
airelle rouge. Vilmorin-And. Cat. 1891.- French, Pimentcerise.- German,
KXrschfUrmiger rother Pfeffer.
Meth.2:26. 1793 [no. 2391].-Linn. Sp. P1. 1: 1051. 1797 [ed. Willd.].- Poiret,Ene. Meth. 5: 325. 1804.- Persoon, Syn. Pl. 1: 230. 1805.- Aiton, Hort.Kew. 1: 406. 1810.- Hornem.Hort.Hafn. 1: 223. 1813.-Linn. Syst. 4: 563. 1819 [ed. REm.et Schult.].Link,Enum.P1. Hort.Reg. Berol. 1: 190. 1821.-Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1: 574. 1832.- Fingerh.Monogr.19. t. 5. f. b. 1832.-Don, Hist. Dich. Pl. 4: 446. 1838.-Dunal in DO. Prodr.131: 422. 1852.-Miquel, Fl Ned. Ind. 2: 660. 1856. p Aiton,Hort. Kew. 1: 253. 1789. annuum Capsicum Capsicumannuum Miller,Gard.Dict. 1797[ed. Martyn]. (In part.) Capsicumn sphaericum Willd. Enum. fort. Berol. 1: 241. 1809.- Linn. Syst. 4: 561. 1819 [ed. Rom. et Schult.].-Hornem. fort. Hfan. Suppl. 27. 1819.-Link,Enum. P1.Hort.Reg. Berol. 1: 190. 1821.28. t. 9.f. a. 1832.- Don, Hist. Dich. Pl 4: 445. Fingerh. Monogr. CapsicumMiZleri Linn. Syst. 4: 563. 1819[ed. RSm. et Schult.].Fingerh. Monogr. 20. Capsicum cerasiflorum Link, Enum. Pl. Hort. Reg. Berol. 1: 190. Prodr. 131: 422. 1852. Capsicum cerasiforme maurocarpumDunal, 1. c. Capsicum cerasiforme Dunal, 1. c. cerasiflorum Hooker,Fl. Brit.Ind. 4: 239. Capsicum grossumcerasiformis 1838.- Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 427. 1852. 1832.-Don, Hist. Dich. P1. 4: 445. 1838.-
Capsicum cerasiforme Miller, Gard. Dict.
1771 [no. 5. ed. 6].-Lam.
Enc.
Dunal inDC. Prodr.131: 422. 1852.
1821. cerasiforme minusFingerh.Monogr.20. 1832.-Dunal in DC. Capsicum
Capsicum siliquis rotundis cerasi forma. Bauhin. Phytopinax 156. 1596. Piper cum siliqua rotunda cerasorum modo. Greg. de Reg. in Clus. Cur. Post. 99-100. f. 7. 1611.- Jonstonus, Dendrog. t. 56. 1662.acuminatum. Bauhin. Pinax 103. 1623. Piper Indicum propendentibus siliquis rotundis. diff. 4.
variatasrotundum. Camer.Pl. Epit. 348.f.* 1586. Siliquastrum
1885.
Raius, Hist. Pl. 1: 677. 1686. rotundis. 2. Rotundum minusparum diff. Piper Indicfsiliquis surrectis modo. Bauhin. Pinax 102. 1623. tunda. Cerasorum Piper Indicum siliquis surrectiscerasi forma. Bauhin. Pinax 103. 1623.- Raius, fist. 678. 1686. Capsicumrotundioribus siliquis. Gerarde,Herball364-365. f. 7. 1636. Theat.Bot. 857358. Capsicum siliqua rotundaCerasorum. Parkinson, f. 11. 1640.
Siliqua ro-
A REVISION
95
except YELLOW CHERRY.t Identical withthe preceding catathatthe fruitis of a yellowcolor. Not universally 2. f. loguedby seedsmen.- Plate 28,
Piperrotundum majus surrectum. Jonstonus, Dendrog.t. 56. 1662. fructu cerasino. Munting, P1.842. Capsicum arborescens, Waare Oeffen. 1682. Capsicumfrutescens,fructucerasino. Munting, Warre Oeffen. P1. 341. 1682. Capsicumsiliquls surrectisCerasiforma. Magnol, Hort.Reg. Monsp. 42. 1697. Capsicum sive Piper Indicumpropendentibus siliquis rotundis. Morison,Hist. P1.Oxon. 8: 529. 1699. Capsicum sive Piper Indicum siliquis Cerasi forma. Morison,Hist. P1. Oxon. 8: 530. 1699. Capsicumsive Piper Indicumsiliqua rotundaCerasorumforma. Morison, Hist. P1. Oxon. 8: 529. 1690. Solanum urenssiliqua propendente 1. c. Sect. rotunda,etc. Morison, 13. t. 2. f. 14. Solanum Capsicum dictum, propendentibussiliquis rotundis. Hermann.Hlort. Acad. Lugd.-Bat.576. 1687. Cerasiforma. Tournef. Inst. 158. 1700.Capsicum siliquissurrectis, Tillus, Cat. P1. Hort.Pisa. 30. 1723. Cerasiforma. Tournef.Inst. 153. 1700.Capsicum siliquapropendente, Tillus, Cat. P1. Hort.Pisa. 20. 1723. Capsicum siliquis surrectis,rotundis. Tournef. 153. 1700.-Miller, Gard. Dict. 1771[6thed.]. Capsicumsiliquissurrectis, rotundis, parumacuminatis. Tournef. Inst. 153. 1700. Capsicumfructu rotundo, maximo. Tournef. Inst. 153. 1700. (In part.).-Tillus, Cat. P1. Hort. Pisa. 30. 1723.-Miller,Gard. Dict. 1771[6thed.]. fructu rotundo,Cerasorum forma. Miller, Capsicum; Americanum, Gard.Dict. 1731[no. 16]. Capsicum; fructu rotundo,majore,nunc erecto,nunc nutante rubro. Gard.Dict. 1731[no. 10]. Miller, fructu erectorubrorotundo. Weinmann. SolanumCapsicum Phyt.349. fructu Solanummordens rotundo. Weinmann.Phyt. 349. t. 928. f. f. 1745. FruitedCherry Pepper.- Burr, Field and Gard. Veg. 621. t YeUlow 1863.- French, Piment cerisejaune.- Germa;n,Kirschf&rmiger gelber Pfeffer. Hort. Vilmorin-And. luteum Fl. Pleine Terre886. Capsicum cerasiforme 1870[3d ed.].
t. 929.f. a. 1745.
96
MISSOURI
BOTANICAL GARDEN.
* * * Fruit 1-1i in. in diameter, usually heart-shaped.
OXHEART.*
quite erect.
*
Plant 1-21 ft. high. Branches few, stout, Fruit usually heart-shaped,sometimesoblate,
1887.
Bailey, Bull. Mich. Agr. Col. 31: 38.
Capsicum cordiforrne Miller, Gard. Dict. 1771 [no. 2. 6th ed.].- Linn. Syst. 4: 561. 1819 [ed. Rom. et Schult.].- Fingerh. Monogr. 29. t. 9. f. C. 1832.- Don, Hist. Dich. P1. 4: 445. 1838.- Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13': 427. 1852.-Miquel, Fl. Ned. Ind. '2: 658. 1856.Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 20. pl. 13.f. 3. 1862.-Miquel, Mus. Lugd.Bat. 8: 117. 1867. Capsicum cordiforme majus Fingerh. 1. c.- Dunal, 1. c. Capsicum cordiforme minusFingerh. 1. c.- Dunal, 1. c. Capsicum cordiforme subangulosumFingerh. 1. c.- Dunal, 1. c. Capsicum cordiforme olivaeformeFingerh. 1. c.- Dunal, 1. c. Sendt. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 10: 148. 1846. Capsicum annuum cordiforme Capsicum cordiforme cerasicarpum.Dunal, 1. c. Siliquastrum Cordatum. Camer. P1. Epit. 348. f. t. 1586. Capsicum siliquis latis cordatis. Bauhin. Phytopinax 156. 1596. Piperis indici varitas. Matth. Opera 434. f. 1598. Piper cordatum. Greg. de Reg. in Clus. Cur. Post. 99. f. 6. 1611.Ralus, Hist. P1. 1: 677. 1686. Piper Indicri siliquis surrectis rotundis. diff. 3. cordatu majus, diff.4. cordat. min. angulosti. Bauhin. Pinax 103. 1623. Piper Indicum propendentibus siliquis rotundis. diff.2. siliqua cordata. Bauhin. Pinax 102. 1623. Capsicum cordatum erectum majus, ditto,minus. Parkinson, Theat. Bot. 357. 1640. Capsicum cordatum propendens. Parkinson, Theat. Bot. 357. f. 9. 1640.- Sloane, Hist. Jam. 114. 1696. Figure without name. Hernandez, Novae Hist. Romae. 136. 1651. Piper cordatum. Jonstonus, Dendrog. t. 56. 1662. Piper Cordatum surrectum majus, ditto, minus. Jonstonus, Dendrog. t. 56. 1662. Piper rotundum majus surrectum. Ralus, Hist. PI. 1: 677. 1686. (In part.) Capsicum cordatum siliqua surrecta. Magnol, Hort. Reg. Monsp. 42. 1697. Capsicum sive Piper Indicum cordatum, majus & minus. Morison, Hist. P1. 8: 530. 1699. Capsicum seu Piper Indicum siliqua cordata. Morison, Hist. Pl. Oxon. 8: 529. 1699. Solanum urens fructu cordato. Morison, 1. c. Sect. 13. t. 2. f. 12. Capsicum siliqua propendente,rotunda& cordiformi. Tournef. Inst. 153. 1700.- Tillus, Cat. PI. Hort. Pisa. 30. 1723.- Miller, Gard. Dict. 1771 [6th ed.].
A REVISION
97
spherical, or subconical, 1-1- in. diam., very smooth, glossy, rarely obscurely wrinkled or furrowed; fleshabout in. thick, dark red, very pungent. YELLOW OXHEART.* A yellow form of the Oxheart varietyhas been known, but now seems to have dropped out of cultivation.
.
A A Sihrubby, perennial. a Fruit oblong, acuminate, usually embraced by calyx.
0. FRUTESCENS
L.
Cap8icum frutescens Linn. Hort. Cliff. 60. 1737; Sp. P1. 189. 1753; 271, Gouan, Hort. Monsp. 111. 1762.- Miller, 1762 [ed. 2], (in part).Gard. Dict. 1771 [ed. 6. no. 9].Aublet, Hist. P1. Guiane 1: 219. Aiton, Hort. 1775.- Linn. Syst. 14: 227. 1784 [ed. 14. Murray].Kew. 1: 254. 1789.- Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 1: 128. 1790; 1: 158. Enc. Meth. 2: 26. 1793 [no. 2395].1793 [ed. Willd.].-Lam. Miller, Gard. Dict. 1797 Linn. Sp. Pl. 1: 1051. 1797 [ed. Willd.].Enc. Meth. 5: 325. 1804.- Persoon, Syn. P1. [ed. Martyn].-Poiret, Hort. Hafn. 1: 224. 1818.- Kunth, Nov. 1: 230. 1805.-IIornem. Gen. Sp. P1. 8: 48. 1818.- Linn. Syst. 4: 563. 1819 [ed. R6m. et Link, Enum. P1. Hort. Reg. Berol. 1: 190. 1821.- Moon, Schult.].Cat. Brit. Ind. 16. 1824.- Fingerh. Monogr. 17. t. 4.f. c. 1832.Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1: 574. 1882.- Nees von Esenb. Trans. Linn. SoC. Hist. Dich. P1. 4: 446. 1838.- Sendt. in Mar. 17; 63. 1887.-Don,
Capsicum siliqua propendente, oblonga & cordiformi. Tournef. Inst. 153. 1700.-Tillus, Cat. P1. Hort. Pisa. 30. 1723. Piper Indicum cordatum. Hort. Eyst. 1. Autum. Ord. 1: 13. f. 2. 1718. Piper Indicum cordatum oblongum. Hort. Eyst. 1. c. f. 71. Capsicum; fructu Cordiformi,plerumque nutante rubro. Miller, Gard. Dict. 1731 [no. 71. Solanum mordens fructu erecto cordiformi rubro. Weinmann. Phyt. 349. t. 929. f. c. 1745. Capsicum fructucordiformi erecto. Haller, Hort. Gott. 216. 1753. * Capsicum Fingerh. Monogr. 30. t. 10. f. c. 1832.globosum cordiforme Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 427. 1852. Fingerh. Monogr. 21. t. 5. f. a. 1832.- Dunal in Do. Capsicum strictum Prodr. 13': 422. 1852. nunc erecto, nunc nutante flavo. Miller, Capsicum; fructu Cordiformi, Gard. Dict. 1731 [no. 12]. Solanum mordens, fructu erecto cordiformi, luteo. Weinmann. Phyt. 849. t. 929.f. b. 1745. Capsicum fructucordiformiminori luteo. Browne, Hist. Jam. 176. 1756. 7
98
tius, Fl.
MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Bras. 10:142. 1846.- Hooker, Niger Fl. 162. 1849.-
Dunal In DC. Prodr.131:413. 1852.- Miquel,Fi. Ned. Ind. 2: 660. 1856.- Grisebach,PI. Ind. 486. 1864.- Hemsley,Biol. Cent.-Am. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 239. 1885.- Gray, 2: 423. 1881-82.-Hooker, Syn. Fl. 2: 231. 1888.-Chapman, So. Fl. 323. 1896. Capsicum minimum Miller,Gard.Diet. 1771 [no. 10.ed. 6].-Moon, Cat. P1. Cey. 16. 1824.- Roxb. Fi. Ind. 1: 574. 1832.- Miquel,Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 659. 1856.- Dunal in DC. Prodr.181: 415. 1852. Capsicum conicum Lam. Ene. Meth.2. 1793[no. 2890].-Poiret, Ene. Meth.5: 327. 1804.
Oapsicum Havanense Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. P1. 3: 48.
Dich. P1. 4: 446. 1838. Vell. Fl. Flum. Repr.in Rio de Jan. Arch. Mus. CapsicumComarim Nac. 5: 59. 1881. toxicarium Capsicum P5ppig.- Fingerh.Monogr.32. 1832.-Fide Index Kewensis. minus Fingerh.Monogr.17. 1832.- Dunal in Do. Oapsicumfrutescens Prodr.131: 413. 1852. Oapsicumfastigiatum (Blume). Nees von Esenb. Trans. Linn. Soc. - Wight,Illust. 17: 64. 1832.- Don, Hist. Dich. P1. 4: 446. 1838. Ind. Bot. 2: 198. 1850.-Dunal in DC. Prodr.131: 416. 1852.Miquel,Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 659. 1856. IndexKewensis. odoratum Steud. Nom. 1: 279. 1840.- Fide Index Kewensis. Capsicum Sendt.In Martius,Fl. Bras. 10: 143. 1846.- Dunal flexuosum Capsicum in DC. Prodr.13': 413. 1862. A. Rich. Fl. Abyss.2: 96. 1851. Capsicum Abyssinicum
1838.-Fide Capsicum odoriferum Yell. 1. c. 60.- Fide Index Kewensis.
1818.- Don, Hist.
Capsicum,cereolumBertol. Hort. Bonon. Pl. Nov. 1: 6. t. 2.
Capo-Malago.
multilobatum Dunal, 1. c. 413. Capsicumfructescens Perrottetii 1. c. Capsicumj7ezuosum Durnal, Capsicumcrispum Piperrabiosum Dunal, 1. c. 416. Capsicum annuumfrutescens Kuntze,Revis. Gen. Plant. 449. 1891.
Rheede, Ilort. Malab. 2: 109. t. 56. 1679.
Capeicum chlorocladum Dunal In DC. Prodr. 131: 415. 1852.- Hemsley, Biol. Cent.-Am. 2: 423. 1881-82. Capsicum crispumDunal in DC. Prodr. 13': 415. 1852.
Capsicum sive Piper Indicum siliqua longa gracile Corallil coloris. Hist. P1.Oxon. 3: 529. 1699. Morison, fructu acerrimo. Morison, Berberidis Capsicumsive PiperBarbadiense Hist. P1. Oxon. 8: 530. 1699, Spur-Pepper. Hughes,Hist. Barb. 213. 1750.- Fide Maycock, Fl. Barb. 104. 1830.
Plants shrubby, perennial, 2-26 ft. high. Branches angular, often channeled, puberulent, or pubescent, especially on the younger portions,usually greatlyenlarged
A REVISION
99
at the nodes, greenl,or sometimes purplish striate, slightly purple at the nodes. Leaves broadlyovate acuminate, 3-6 in. long, 2-31 in. wide, usually puffed or wrinkled,more or less pubescent especially along the veins. Petioles medium, usually subeiliate. Peduncles slender, 1-2 in. long, often in pairs, usually longer than the fruit. Calyx usually cup-shaped embracing base of the fruit, teeth short. Corolla white or greenish-white,spreading -iin., often with ocherous markings in the throat. Fruit red, ovate, obtuse, or oblong acuminate, 3-11 in. long, j-1 in. diam. As the fruitof this species does not ripen freelyexcept in tropical and subtropical latitudes it is not grown commercially in the north. However a number of cultivated varietiesfromMexico and Brazil,* which evidentlybelong to this species, have been grownby Dr. Sturtevant at Geneva, New York, and by the writer at the Missouri Botanical Garden. By startingthem early in the season with the aid of artificialheat most of the varieties produced some ripe fruit. The plants however did not attain the size and vigor which they reach in their native habitat. The fruit is often called " bird pepper."
a a Fruit ovate or subround, usually seated on the calyx.
C. frutescens baceatum (L.).t

OapsicumbaccatumLinn. Mant. 47. 1767.- Aton, Hort. Kew. 1:
253. 1789.-Linn. Syst. 226. 1784 [ed. 14 Murray].-Loureiro, Fl. Cochin 1: 127. 1790; 1: 157. 1793 [ed. Willd.].- Lam. Enc. Meth. The following varieties sent fromMexico by Dr. Palmer are referred
to thisspecies:- Chilide arvol, Chilipico de pijaro, Chili Piquin, Chili Prof. 0. A. Derby: Pimentascemerim grande, Pimentas didode darta, and Pimentas Pimentas Malagueti, pitanga.
t Supposed wild specimens examined from Bolivia (Bang, no. 1126, 1891); Paraguay (Morong, no. 961, 1888-90); Mexico (Pringle, 1888); Texas (Pammel, 1888; Trelease, 1897). The following varieties sent from Brazil by Prof. Derby are referred to this group: - Pimentas Mariana, and Pimentas Cumary,together with one fromMexico by Dr. Palmer,-Chiltepin.
Unque, and Mira3ol, together with the following sent from Brazil by
100
MISSOURI
BOTANICAL GARDEN.
2:26. 1793 [no. 2393].- Linn. Sp. Pl. 1: 1050. 1797 [ed. Willd.].Poiret, Ene. Meth. 5: 325. 1804.- Persoon, Syn. Pl. 1: 22:9. 1805.-Hornem. Hort. fafn. 1: 224. 1813.- Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. P1. 8: 48. 1818.-Linn. Syst. 4: 564. 1819 [ed. R6m. et Schult.].Link, Enum. P1. Hort. Reg. Berol. 1: 190. 1821.- Fingerh. Monogr. 18. t. 4.f. a. 1832.- Don, Hist. Dich. P1. 4: 447. 1838.-Sendt. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 10: 146. 1846.- Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 420. 1852.- Miquel, Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 660. 1856.- Grisebach, Fl. British W. Ind. 436. 1864.-Hemsley, Biol. Cent.-Am. 2:423. 1881-2.Gray, Syn. Fl. 2: 231. 1888. pulchellumSalisb. Prodr. 134. 1796.- Fide Index Kewensis. Capsicum DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 86. 1813.- Hooker, Niger Oapsieum microcarpum Flora 162. 1849.- Don, Hist. Dich. Pl. 4: 446. 1838.- Linn. Sp. P1. 4: 565. 1819 [ed. Rom. et Schult.].- Sendt. in Martius, Fl. Bras. in DC. Prodr. 181: 420. 1852.-Fingerh. 10: 146. 1846.-Dunal Monogr. 19. t. 4. f. b. 1882. Meyer, Fl. Esseq. 113. 1818.- Linn. Syst. 4: 808. Capsicumglobiferum 1819 [ed. RWm.et Schult.].- Fingerh. Monogr. 19. 1832.- Don, Hist. Dich. P1. 4: 446. 1838.-Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 421. 1852. Link, Enum. P1. Hort. Reg. Berol. 1: 190. 1821.Capsicum micranthun Don, Hist. Dich. Pl. 4: 447. 1838. ciliareLIink,Enum. P1. Hort. Reg. Berol. 1: 190. 1821. Capsicumn Cumanense Fingerh. Monogr. 17. 1882.- Dunal in DC. Capsicum Prodr. 13': 417. 1852. Oapsicum Willdenowii Don, Hist. Dich. P1. 4: 447. 1888. Sendt. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 10: 144. 1846.- Dunal in villosurn Capsicum DC. Prodr. 18': 418. 1852.
Capsicum
Sendt. 1. c. 145.- Dunal, villosum latifolium Sendt. 1. c.- Dunal, 1. c. Capsicum villosum nmuticum
1. c. 419.
(Mart.) Sendt. 1. c.- Dunal, 1. c. 417. Capsicunmirabile Sendt. 1. c.- Dunal, 1. c. mirabile Capsicum grandiftorutm Sendt. 1. c.- Dunal, 1. c. 416. Schottianum Capsicum
leptophyllum. Dunal, 1. c. (Capsicum Schottianum
Sendt. 1. c. 144.- Dunal, 1. c. 416. campylopodium Capsicum
Sendt. 1. c. 145. Dunal, 1. c. 419. CapsicumBRabenli Sendt. 1. c.-Dunal, 1. c. Capsicumparvifolium Dunal, 1. c. Sellowianum parvifolium Capsicumn Oapsicum hispHdum Dunal, 1. c.- femsley, Bio1. Cent.-Am. 1881-82 hispidum glabriusculumDunal, 1. c. 420. Capsicum
Cap8icum glandulosum Dunal, 1. c. 417.
2: 423.
Dunal, 1. c. 418. Capsicum laurifolium Dunal, 1.c. saticifol&um Capsicumi Capsicum gracilipes Dunal, 1. c. Dunal, 1. c. 420. Capsicum angustifoliumn Dunal, 1. c. 421. Capsicummicrophyllunt Capsicum annuumbaccatumKuntze, Revis. Gen. Plant. 449. 1891. Capsicum brevioribus siliquis. Lobel, Pl. Hist. 172. f. 1576.
A REVIS1ON OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM.
101
Bassaeus, Eicones 859.f. 1590.rotundum angustifolium. Siliquastrum 2: 530.f. 1591; Volkom.Kreuterbuch 2: 559. Tabern.Ereuterbuch f. 1618. brevioribus siliquis. Lobel. Icones Stirp.817. PiperIndicum Capsicum, 388. 1593.- Clus. Brasilianum. Garcias ab Horto,Aromatum Capsicum Exot.340.f. 1605.- Pancovius. Herb. f. 297. 1678. Herball 292. f. 2. 1597; 864. f. siliquis. Gerarde, Capsicum minimis 3. 1686.- Dodon. Hist. Stirp.Antv.705. 1583; 717. 1616. Piper Brasilianum. Greg. de. Reg. in Clus. Cur. Post. 104. 1611. Theat. Bot. 856-867.1. 1640. minusBrasillanum. Parkinson, Capsicum Quiyaapua. Mareg.In Piso, De Med. Bras. 89. 1648. baccarumAsparagi. Bauhin, Hist. P1 2: magnitudinis Pipersiliquosum 944.f. 1651. Capsicum Brasillanumiructu rotundo. Munting,Waare Oeffen.P1. $41. 1682. erecto,parvo,acerrimo. Sloane, Cat. rotundo, Capsicumminus fructu P1. Jam.111. 1696. Capsicum sive Piper Brasilianum fructuerecto S rotundo oblongo Hist. P1. Oxon. 3: 580. 1699. minimo. Morison, minus rubrum. Rumph. Herb.Amboin. 5: 248.C.88. f.2. 1747. Capsicum acerrimo. Miller,Gard. Diet. 1731 Capsicum; fructuparvo, rotundo,
(no. 15]. 1591.
often 6 ft. Plants 1-3 ft. high, under cultivationi slender,fastigiate,fiexuose,usually Branches numerous, scabrous,pubescent. Leaves quite denselypurplestriate, ovate acuminate,rather abruptly narrowing into the along petioles,solitaryor in twos,moreor less pubescent on the surface. Petioles short, the veinsand sometimes or in at base. Pedunclessolitary usuallyhairy,broadened a character vertical (giving peculiar twos,extra axillary, to the plant), slender,1-1+ in. long, smoothor on young subhairy, subhairy. Calyx short, cyathiform, specimens aboutj in., greenish subeiliate. Corolla small,spreading about j in. diam. Unwhite. Fruit ovate or subround, from green to blackish ripe fruitsometimeschanging finally ripeninginto a red or yellow. spotted,
102
Red, Weissfriclhtiger ture1889: 125.- Galveston Pfeffer, Haage & Schmidt, Cat. 1893.- Black Fruited Chili, Scarlet Maddaloni, Benary, Cat. 1893-4.- Columbus goldgelber Pfefer, Columbus rother Pfeffer, Sirius Pfeffier, Haage & Schmidt, Cat. 1897. Pfeffer,Violetter
The following species, apparently not in cultivationin Europe or the United States, and of which I have not seen authentic material, cannot be placed in the preceding synopsis because of the absence of certain essentials from such descriptions as I have seen. Those in italics are introduced into the synopsis as synonymson the authority of the Index Kewensis.
CAPSICUMCONOIDEUMMiller, Gard. Dict. 1768 [no. l.ed. 8]. CAPsIcuM CiiINENSE Jacq. Eort. Vindob. 3: 88. t. 67. 1776. Capsicum pulchellumSalisb. Prodr. 134. 1796.= C. frutescensbaccatum. CAPSICUM PUBESCENS Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Per. 2: 80. 1797. CAPSICUM CABRULESCENS Bess. Cat. IHort.Crem. 27. 1811. Bess. 1. c.= C. annuum longum. Capsicum Tournefortii CapsicumntorulosuqmHornem. Hort. Hafn. Suppl. 27. 1819.= C. an. nuum acuminatum. Willd. Herb.- Linn. Syst. 4: 809. 1819 [ed. CAPSICUMAGGREGATUM RWm.et Schult.]. Capsicum QuitenseWilld. Herb.- Linn. Syst. 1. c. -C. annuum longum. CAPSICUMDICHOTOMUM Vell. Fl. Flum. Repr. in Rio de Jan. Arch. Mus. Nac. 5: 60. 1881. CAPSICUM INAEQUALE Vell. 1. c. 59. Capsicum odoriferumYell. 1. c. 60.= C. frutescens. Capsicum toxicariumPoppig.- Fingerh. Monogr. 32. 1832. = C. frutescens. CAPSICUM USTULATUM Paxton, Mag. Bot. 6: 197. 1838. Bertol. Hort. Bonon. P1. Nov. 1: 6. t. 2. 1838. = C. Capsicum cereolumn frutescens. Capsicum odoratum Steud. Nom. 1: 279. 1840 [ed. 2]. = C. frutescens.
garden varieties have not been sufficiently The followilng studied by me for satisfactory arrangementin the syniopsis:- Yellow Gemn, Williams' Cat. 1878.- Tom Thumb, Batchelor, 1887.- BostonSquash, Cheese,GoldenDwarf, Red Upright, Yellow Mango, Bailey, Annals of Horticul-
A REVISION OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM. CAPsicuMBAuiiNi Dunal in DC. Prodr:131: 428. 1852. HORNEMANNI CAPSICUM Dunal, l.c. 429. Dunal, 1. c. 414. Narunca Capsicum
103
Capsicum pubescens Dunal, 1. c. 421. = C. frutescens baccatum.
1858. NEPALENSIS CAPsIcuM Drury,UsefulP1. Ind. 112. 1858. Franch.& Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 452. 1879. CAPSICUMANOMALUM (?) Veitch,Traveler'sNotes 178. 1896. RACEMIGERME CArsIcuM
Regel & Rach, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 40. CArsicum MAIMOWICZII
0 annuumlongum. C.
The following species apparently does not belong to this genus: Mus. CAPSICUMTORULOSUMVell. Fl. Flum. Repr.in Rio de Jan.Ar&hi. Nac. 5: 59. 1881.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES ILLUSTRATING CAPSICUM.
All of the illustrationswere drawn from nature or from original photographs by Miss Grace E. Johnson, under supervisionof the author. Except where otherwise stated all figuresare of natural size.
and fruit. 1, flowers in different stages Plate 8.- Details of flower and openedcorolla; 4, a bud X 8; 3, flower of expansion;2, open flower pepper,in stamenfromback,frontand side X 5; 5, one-celledcherry of thelargerpeppers, forms and four-celled crosssection; 6, two,three, in cross section. ClusPlate 9.- 1, Capsicumfrutescens; 2, Coral Gem; 3, Orange-red ter; 4, Red Cluster. of Long Cayenne. Plate 10.- 1, Chilli; 2, Yellow Chilli; 3, two forms of Nepal Chilli; 2, IvoryTusk. Plate 11.- 1, two forms Plate 12.-1, Yellow Cayenne; 2, Long Yellow. Plate 13.- 1, Cardinal; 2, Elephant's Trunk. Plate 14.- 1, County Fair; 2, Procopp'sGiant:- bothreduced. of Emperor. form tapering Plate 15.- 1,Procopp's Giant;2, A slightly Plate 16.-Monstrous. Plate 17.- Sweet Spanish,naturalsize and reduced. of Bell. Plate 18.- Oblateforms Plate 19.- 1, Bell; 2, Sweet Mountain:- bothreduced. Plate 20.- SweetMountain. Plate 21.-1, RubyKing; 2, Golden Dawn. Plate 22.-1, GoldenKing; 2, Golden Upright. withcross and longitudiof BrazilianUpright Plate 23.- Shortform nal sectionsshowing positionof theseeds.
104
Plate 24.- Squash, usual and less grooved forms. Plate 25.- 1, Squash; 2, Celestial; 3, Kaleidoscope: -all reduced. Plate 26.- 1, Celestial; 2, Kaleidoscope. Plate 27.- 1, Kaleidoscope; 2, Etna; 3, Red Wrinkled; 4, Little Gem. Plate 28.-1, Occasional form of Red Wrinkled; 2, Cherry; 3, Yellow Cherry; 4, Cranberry,- usual, conical, and elongated forms; 5, Oxheart.
4DI
FOUR INCHES, DIVIDED INTO
3 F
TWELFTHS.
INDEXES
TO NAMES
OF CAPSICUMS.
POPULAR
NAMES.
(Synonymsin Parenthesis.) American bonnet pepper, (87). Bell, 84. Bell, Yellow, (85). Bird pepper, 59. Bird's eye, (93). Black fruitedChill, 102. Black Nubian, 76. Black podded, (76). Blue podded, (76). Bonnet pepper, (87). Boston squash, 102. Brazilian sweet upright,New, (86). Brazilian upright,86. Bull nose, (84). Capo-Malago, (98). Cardinal, 78. Cayenne, 67, (71). Cayenne of Commerce, (67). Cayenne, Long, (70), 71. Cayenne, Long yellow, 72. Celestial, 89. Cherry,93. Cherrypepper, Round or large, (93). Cherrypepper, Yellow frulted,(95). Cherry,Yellow, 95. Childs' Improved Celestial, (89). Chileniseher scharfer Pfeffer,(70). Chill, (70). Chill de Arvol, 99. Chili, Black frulted,102. Chill Mirasol, 99. Chill ploo de pijaro, 99. Chill Piquin, 99. Chili Unque, 99. Chilli, 70, (72). Chilli, Nepal, 73. Chilli, Yellow, 71. Chlli, Yellow Nepal, 73. Cluster, Japan, (69). Cluster, Red, 69. Oluster, Yellow, 69. 102. Oolumbus goldgelber Pfeffer,
Cheese, (102).
Columbus rother Pfeffer, 102. Coral, (77). Coral gem, 66. County Fair, 78. Cranberry, (93). Oreole, (93). Crimson queen, (83). Dawn, Golden, 85. Dwarf, Golden, 102. Dwarf early red squash, New, (87). Early red squash, New dwarf, (87). Eokiger dicker kurzer rother stisser Pfeffer, (85). Elephanten-RUssel, (80). Elephant's trunk,80. Emperor, 83. Etna, 89. Fancy red wrinkled,Thorburn's, (91). French, Red, (98). Galveston red, 102. Gelber Trauben-Pfeffer(69). Gem, Little, 93. Gem, Yellow, 102. Giant, Procopp's, 80. Giant emperor, (83). Golden dawn, 85. Golden dwarf, 102. Golden king, 85. Golden mango, (85). Golden queen, Mammoth, (85). Golden upright,86. Golden upright sweet mango, (86). Grossum, (83). Imported celestial, Childs', (89). Ivory Tusk, 80. Japan cluster, (69). King, Golden, 85.
Kaleidoscope, 90.
(105)
106

Pfeffer, rother milder spanischer, (84). rother Trauben-, (69). runzllger, (91). schwarzer nubischer, (76). sehr grosser milder monstri5ser, (83).
King, Ruby, 85. gelber Pfeffer,(95). Kirschfl5rmiger Kirschf6rmigerrother Pfeffer,(94).
(79). Langer gelber Pfeffer, Sirius, 102. Langer rother,Pfeffer,(77). Trauben-, (67, 69). Large cherrypepper, (93). violetter, 102. Large scarlet, New, (85). weissfrUchtiger,102. Large sweet Spanish, (84). Liebesapfelfruchtiger gelber Pfeffer, Piment airelle rouge, (93). a bouquet rouge, (69). (88). doux d'Amdrlque, (85). LiebesapfelfrUichtiger rother Pfeffer, -carr6 carrdjaune hatif, (85). (87). - de Cayenne, (71). Little gem, 60, 93. -cerise, (94). Long Cayenne, (70), 71. - cerise jaune, (95). Long red, 77. du Chill, (70). Long yellow, 79. chinois, (89). Long yellow Cayenne, 72. -cloche, (84). Longyellow French, (79). doux d'Espagne, (84). Mladdaloni, Scarlet, 102. gros carrd doux, (84). Mammoth, Orange, (85). Jaune,long, (79). Mammoth,Spanish, (84). mammothjaune d'or, (85). Mammoth golden queen, (85). monstrueux, (83). Mango, Golden, (85). -noir, (76). Mango, Golden dawn, (85). rouge, long, (77). Mango, Golden upright sweet, (86). -tomate, (87). Mango, Yellow, 102. tomate jaune, (88). Miniature Tom Thumb, (93). tomate nain hatif, (87). Monstrous, 83. -violet, (76). Mountain, Sweet, 85. Pimentas cemerim grande, 99. Chiltepin, 99. Negro pepper, (66). - Cumary, 99. Nepal chilli, 73. dido de dama, 99. Nepal chilli, Yellow, 73. Malagueti, 99. New Brazilian sweet upright,(86). Mariana, 99. New dwarf early red squash, (87). pitanga, 99. New large scarlet, (85). Prince, Red (84). New sweet Spanish, (84). Prince of Wales, 60,93. Woore,Yellow, (85, 86). Princess of Wales, 91. Nubian, Black, 76. Procopp's Giant, 80. Procopp's riesen Pfeffer,(80). Orange mammoth,(85). Purple, (76). Orange-red cluster, 67. Orangerother Trauben-Pfeffer, (67). Queen, Crimson, (83). Oxheart, 96. Queen, Mammoth golden, (85). Oxheart, Yellow, 97. Quince pepper, (84). Pfeffer,Chilenischer scharfer, (70). Quiya Apua, (101). 102. -Columbus, eckiger dicker klirzer rother sUs- Red, Galveston, 102. Red, Long, 77. ser, (85). Elephanten-RUssel, (80). Red cardinal, (78). Red chilli, (70). Trauben-, (69). -gelber - kirschformiger, (94, 95). Red cluster, 69. - langer gelber, (79) Red Etna, (89). Red French, (93). langer rother (77). (87, 88). liebesapfelfruchtiger, Red prince, (84). Red squash, New dwarf early, (87). orangerother Trauben-, (67). Red tomato, (87). riesen, (80). -Procopp's
A REVISION
OF
THE
GENUS
CAPSICUM.
107
Red upright,102. Red wrinkled, 91. Round cherry-pepper,(93). Rother milder spanischer Pfeffer, (84). Rother Trauben-Pfeffer, (69). Runzliger gelber Pfeffer, (91). (91). Runzliger rother Pfeffer, Scarlet, New large, (85) Scarlet Maddaloni, 102. Schwarzer nubischer Pfeffer, (76). Sehr grosser milder monstrOser Pfeffer, (83). Sirius Pfeffer, 102. Sore throat, (76). Spanish, Sweet, 84. Spanish, Yellow, 84. Spanish mammoth,(84). Spanish monstrous,(83). Spur-pepper, (98). Squash, 87. Squash, Boston, 102. Squash, New dwarf early red, (87). Squash, Yellow, 88. Sweet golden dawn, (85) Sweet mango, Golden upright,(86). Sweet mountain, 85. Sweet Spanish, 84. Sweet upright,New Brazilian, (86). Tabasco, 59, 67. Tenjikumamorl, (69). Thorburn's fancy red wrinkled, (91). Tom Thumb, 102. SPECIES
Ruby king, 85.
Tom Thumb, Miniature, (93). Tomato-shaped, (87). Tomato, Red, (87). Trauben-Pfeffer,(67, 69). Trompe d' di1phant,(80). Turbilo pepper, (82). Tusk, Ivory, 80. Upright, Brazilian, 86. Upright, Golden, 86. Upright, New Brazilian sweet, (86). Upright, Red, 102. Upright sweet mango, Golden, (86). 102. Violetter Pfeffer, 102. WeissfrllchtigerPfeffer, Williams' little gem, (93). Wrinkled, Red, 91. Wrinkled, Yellow, 91. Yellow, Long, 79. Yellowbell, (85). Yellow cherry,95. Yellow chilli, 71. Yellow cluster, 69. Yellow fruitedcherry pepper, (95). Yellow gem, 102. Yellow mango, 102. Yellow Nepal chilli, 73. Yellow nocre, (85, 86). Yellow oxheart, 97. Yellow Spanish, 84. Yellow squash, 88. Yellow wrinkled, 91. VARIETIES.
AND BOTANICAL
(Synonymsin Parenthesis.) Abyssinicum,,(98). aggregatum,102. angulosum, (81). conicum, (81). macrocarpum, (81). (81). -ovale, angustifollum,(100). annuum, 65, (73, 94). abbreviatum,88. acuminatum,69, (70). angulosum, (81). cerasiforme,92. conoides, 65. cordiforme,(96). erectum, (74). fasclculatum, 68. frutesens,(98). grossum, 80, (81). annuum, longicarpum, (74). longum, 73, (74). ovoideum, (74). proboscideum, (80). -rugosum, (81). rugulosum, (81). -subangulosum, (74). -tetragonum, (87). anomalum, 103. Axi, (81). baccatum, (99). Bauhlni, 103. bicolor, (76). purpureum, (77). oaerulescens, 102. campylopodium, (100).
108

Hamiltonhl,(77). Hlavanense, (98). hispidum, (100). Hornemanni, 103. inaequale, 102. laurifolium, (100). leucocarpum, (89). longum, (71, 77). -Cayennense, (71). ceratoides recurvum, (71). -inorasatum, (78). -luteum, (72, 79). ---rectum, (79). -vlolaceum, (77). luteum, (91). Maximow1oz1l,108. mlcranthum,(100). microcarpum, (100). Milleri, (94). minimum,(98). Wlarunca,(77, 103). 1epalensts, 103. nigrum, (76). odoratum, (98, 102). odorlferum,(98, 102). olivaeforme, (92). ovatum, (92). oxycarpum, (92). parvifollum, (100). pendulum, (73). (73). -majus, -minus, (73). tomentosum,(78). pomiferum,(81). pubescens, 102,(108). pulehellum, (100,102). purpureum, (76). pyramldale, (71). longicorne, (71). toruloaum, (71). Qultense, (76, 102). Babenil, (100). racemigerme, 103. sallcifolium, (100). Schottlanum leptophyllum, (100). silvestre, (81). Sinense, (73). sphaericum, (94). strictum,(97). tetragonum, (87). tomatlforme, (87).
-glabrlusoulum,
cerasiflorum,(94). cerasiforme, (94). cerasiflorum, (94). _ luteum, (95). - maurocarpum, (94). (94). -minus, ceratocarpum, (80). cereolum, (98, 102). Ohamaecerasus, (81). Chilense, (70). Chinense, 102. chlorocladam, (98). ciliare, (100). Comarim, (98). conilcum,(70, 98). -orientale, (70). conoides, (65). -ohordale, (65). oblongo-conicum, (65). erloatum, (65). conoideum, 102. cordiforme,(96). (96). -cerasicarpum, globosum, (97). majus, (96). - minus, (96). olvaeforme, (96). subangulosum, (96). crispum, (98). - Piper rabiosum, (98). Camanense, (100). curvipes, (73). oydonuaelorme,(87). dlohotomum, 102. dulce, (87). lazclulatum, (68). fastlgiatum, (98). ilexuosum, (98). Perrottetil, (98). frutesoens,61, 97. -baccatum, (99). (98). -minus, -mult1lobatum, (98). glandulosum, (100). globiferum,(100). gracilipes, (100). grossum, (80). angulosum, (81). blftdum, (81). cerasiformls,(94) -ordatum, (81). (81). -globosum, lycopersicoldes, (87, 88). monstrosum,(88). (81). -ovatum, pomiterum,(81).
(100).
A REVISION
torulosum, (71, 102,108). Tournefortil,(74,102). toXioarlum,(98, 102). umbllicatum, (91). ustulatum, 102.

-ltiosum, (100). -
109
violaceum, (76).
- mauticum, (loo).
latifolum,
(100).
Wllldenowli, (100). PRELINNRAN LATIN NAMES.
Capsicon latum, 81. - nigrum,74. - rubeum, 74. Capsicum Actuarij, 74. Afrioanum,82,86. 78,95. -Americanum, latifollum, 89. arborescens, 95. Barbadiense, 98. - bifurcata slllua, 82. 75,101. -Brasllanum, siliquis, 100. -brevioribus - cordatum, 96. erectum, 75. pyramidale, 90. * exiguum, 65. fructuaeuleato, 90. bifido,82. 97. cordlformi, tavescente, 79,91. favo, 79. - longo, 82. 82. nmaximo, - minlmo,66. oblongo, 75.
-
Capsicunt majus, 75. minimissillquis, 101. Brasilianum, 101. -minus

---f
71. lavum, parvo, 66. f-ructa rotundo, 101. --fructa 101. --rubrum,
oblongloribus slliquls, 74. oblonglus, 71. oblongnm, 75. Piper Indioum, 74, 101.
- See Piper. siliquls, 71. -recurvis -rotundioribus siliquis, 94. rotundum majus, 86.
siliquis lavis, 79. lata, 79, 82. -siliqua slliquls latds,96.
stliqua flava, 79.
elliqua latiore, 82.
-siliqulis
parvo, 101. rotundo, 88,95. tereti,82. 95 -fratesoens, fructu aculeato, 90. -Indioum longum, 82. maximum, 82. minimum,66. minus, 72. oblongum minus, 66. perenne, 92. amoris forma,88. Pomnt propendentibus siliquls, 95. - s-llqua bifurcata, 86. siliqua flava,79,93. - siliqua longa, 82, 98. siliquis oblongis, 75. _ sillqua rotunda, 95. - siliquis surrectis, 75. 87,88. -latifollum, - latis sillquis, 81. latum, 81. longioribus siliquis, 74.
ollvarlo, 92.
siliquis oblongis, 74. siliqua Olivarla, 92. 92. illqua Olivae form&, siliqua Propendente aurea, 79. Cerasiforma, 95. -slliquapropendonte siliqua propendente oblonga & cor97. diformt, siliqua propendente rotunda & cordiformi,96, 97. siliquis recurvis, 72, 79.
-
longls, 72, 75, 77.
siliquis rotundis, 94. surrectis & oblongis, 66, 70, -siliquis

-
siliqua
rotunda,
94.
siliquis surrectis Cerael forma,95. siliquis surrectis rotundis, 95. surrectum,70.
71, 5.
Piper Americanum vulgatior, 74. Barbadiense, 98. -Brasllianum, 101. Oalecuticum, 72. Capsicum, 82. cordatum, 96. erectum minus, 89. Indicum, 71,74, 82,96,
-b
aureum latum, 79. siliqua, 86. bifurcata
110
MISSOURI
BOTANICAL
GARDEN.
Piper Indicum cordatum, 96,97.

-
fructu aculeato, 90. - fructu dependente, 87. latifolium, 88. - longioribus slaiquis, 75. - longum maximum, 74. - longum maximumi ventre tu.
-
Piper Indicum vulgatissimum, 75. longum, 72,75, 79. oblongum erectum, 89.
-
mido, 80.
88. -maximum, - maximum obtusum, 82. maximum rotundum, 86 medium, 75. medium erectum, 70. -minimum erectum, 66. - -minus, 72. -oblongum, 66. -orbiculatum, 90. S--- perenne siliqua Olivae magni--
recurvis siliquis, 74. rotundum majus, 86,95,96. siliqua flava, 79, 91. -cum siliqua lata, 82. cum siliqua olivaria, 92. -cum siliqua rotunda, 94. siliquosum, 72, 101. vulgatissima, 75. Siliquastrum cordatum, 96. -latum, 81. varietas longum, 71.
-
exigaum
erectum, 65.
Pomi amoris forma, 88.
tudine, 92.
oblonglus, 71.
quartum, 81.
majus, 74. minus, 74.
-- --
propendentibus siliquis, 75, 79, 92,94,95, 96.

rotundum aculeatum, 90. rotundum maximum. 88. siliqua bifuroata, 86. cordata, 96. fiava, 79, flavis, 79. flava ovall, 98. longa, 82, 98. oblongis, 75. rotunda, 95.
rotundum, 101. *varietas rotundum,94. tertium, 71. Solanum Capsicum, 72,75,95.

-
--medium,
siliquis Cerasi forma,9.5.
mordens bifurcata siliqua, 82. fructu erecto, 97. fructu flavescente, 91.
fructu aureo lato, 79.
75.
siliqua siliqua siliquis - siliqua -- siliqua siliquis -siliqua

-
--
- -- -
siliquis surrectis & oblongis, 65, 70,75, 86. siliquis surreotis Cerasi forma, 94. siliquis surrectis rotundis, 86, 94,96.
surrectis corniculis, 70.
fructu longo erecto,70. fructu propendente, 78. fructn rotundo, 95. -mali Aethioptci, 87.
-minus
-
ereetum, 66.
urens fructu aculeato, 90.

-
siliquis flavis, 79. siliquls oblongls, 72. fructu cordato, 96. 95.
slliqua propendente, 72, 75, 92,
REPT.
No. BOT. GARD., VOL. 9.
PLATE
8.
]~~~~~~~~~~~
FLOWER
AND
FRUIT
OF
CAPSICUM.
REPT. Mo. BOT. GARD., VOL. 9.
PLATE
9.
CIA
C.FUECN
NUM
AS
REPT.
Mo. BOT. GARD., VOL. 9.
PLATE
10.
C. ANNUUMI
ACUMIN AT UHA.
REPT. Mo. BOT. GARD., VOL. 9.
PLATE 11.
C.
C. ANNUUAI
ACUMXINATUM
AN'D
LONGUM.
REFT. Mlo. BOT. GARD., YoiL. 9.
PLATE 12.
~~~~~
C. ANNULJM ACUM5INATUM AND L,ONGIJM
REPT.
PLArTrE13.
C. ANNUU7-
LONGUM.
REPT.
PLATE
14.
C. ANNUUM
LONGUM.
REPT.
PLA3TE 15.
C. ANNUUM
LONGUM
AND
GROSSUM1.
REPT.
PLATE
16.
C. ANNUUM GROSSUM.
REPT.
PLATE 17.
C. ANNUUM
GROSSUM.
REPT. MO. BOT. GARD., VOL. 9.
PLATE
18.
C. ANNUUM
GROSSUM.
REPT.
PLATE
19.
a14
GROSSUMI. C. ANNUUNM
REPT.
PLATE 20.
C. ANNUUM
GROSSUNI.
REPT. MO. ROT. GARD., VOL. 9.
PLAT1, 21.
C. ANNUU3I
GROSSUM.
REPT.
Mo. BOT. GARD., VOL
9.
PLATE
22.
2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
C. ANNUUMI GROSSUMI.
REPT.
PLATE 23.
0. ANNUUM
GROSSUM.
REPT.
Mo. BOT. GARD., VOL. 90
PLATE
24.
C. ANNTJUM
GROSSUM.
REPT.
PLATE
25.
I'x
;
<S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;
~$
C. ANNUUM
GROSSU:AI
AND
ABBRPEVIATUAI.
REPT. MO. BOT. GARD., VOL. 9.
PLATE
26.
C. ANNUUM
ABBREVIATUM.
REPT.
PLAT:E 27.
j44
9'i
3
C. ANNUUM
ABBREVIATUR1
AND
CERASIFORMTE.
REPT.
PLATE
28.
0. ANNUUM ABBREVIATUMI AND CERASIFORME.

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A Revision of the Genus Capsicum with Especial Reference to Garden Varieties Author(s): H. C.

A REVISION OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO GARDEN VARIETIES.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN.

1890. t De Candolle, Origin of Cultivated Plants 288. 1882.

Science2: 1. 1888. Agricultural

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN.

Georgetown,British Guiana, wroteMr. Dewart, August 24,

OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN.

OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM.

OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN.

Conical or ovate obtuse. CAYENNEC. ORANGE-RED CLUSTER. Orange red.

OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM.

Fruityellowwhenripe. With longitudinal furrows, rarely turbinate.

Not furrowed, usuallyvervrugoseand turbinate.

base of fruit, the lattermuchlongerthanbroad. Calyxembracing

Petals purple; fruit black at flrst, becoming orange-red.

Petals white; fruitred or vellow.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN.

A REVISION OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM. SYNOPSIS. or suffrutescent, annualor biennial. A Herbaceous

C. annuum conoides (Miller).

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN.

OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM.

name Orangerother Trauben-Pfeffer.

C. annuum fasciculatum (Sturt.).

OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM.

and fruit not fascicled.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN.

Chili.- German, Chilenischer scharfer Pfeffer.

conicum orientale. Dunal, 1. c. 415. Capsicum

OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM.

Capsicum pyramidale Dunal, 1. c. Zongicorne

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN.

68. 1727. 1713.

Henderson, Cat. 1884.

longum luteum Fingerh.Monogr.t. 7. f. b. 1832. CzP8,icum

OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM.

C. annuum longum Sendt.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN.

OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN.

BLACKNUBIAN*. Plant vigorous, 2-24 ft. high, quite

Capsicum purpureumVahl ex Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 1: 224. 1813.-

OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM.

Branches often quite prominently purple

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN.

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Calyx usually seated in a basal depression.

ELEPHANT'S TRUNK.* Evidently a large formof Cardi-

Fruit 5-8 in. long, 14-24 in. diam.

++ Calyx usually cup-shaped and inclosing base of fruit.

OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM.

Miller, Gard. Dict.

Monogr.Gen. Capsici 22. t. 6. f. Fingerh. angulosum grossum Capsicum

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN.

Bother milder German, spanischer Pfeffer.

OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM.

thanbroad,usuallyslightly subtruncate, squarish, longer

MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN.

Fruit erect, not usually oblate.

OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM.

++ Fruit pendent, very oblate.

SQUASH.* Plant 1-2 ft.highwithfew stout,quite erect