Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
subiectul ttotot noi jos ste conplet necunoscut in RonAnio, fiind doot la lnceputul devitrni tiin afte tdri, ostfelincdt unele dlrnotii trcbuie ptivik @ mateti prclimtiu de studiu, ce poote I confmot sdu n4 odotd
caedoreausia$undi
Dm-SinionGRECU. AEP
mai ales a sosita in Romania, se desf69ura prin po9ta obignuit5 (militad ti civilS), astlellndt odcum se ttia bine cine primette sc sori de la acettia: - si. maratesin anii 1943_19,9, apartenenF ta 55 fiind;ficialt. nu eE un lucru de ascufs, ci dimootriG,
in viziunea
5t
that wanted to hide the fact that they have relatives enlined in the SS. Me neither,lcan not accePt thjs explicahon for two reasons: - almo5t the entire 55 volunteer marl, especiallv the one eceived in Romania, was prccesed through noF mal post ofiices (military and civil), thus everyone knew very wellwho rceived mallfrcm thevolunteers; - and, especiallvin theyeau 1943-1944 ss membership beinsoficial, itwas no longer a thins to hide
but tohe proud
nust be reqqrded
be
cotimed oftini$ed,
undercow
os
en
Adresele sub acoperire pot fi defrnite a acele adrese portalecare aLr dreptscop mararca adevStukrl destinatar al unei @spondente. Cel mai frec' vent, dsute pogtale sunt lnchiriate ti folosite in acest scop, dar se cunosc 5i numeroase adrese private ale unor particulari, are setuesc drept intemediari pentru liv6a corespondenlei dtre un te4destinatai charles Entwistle, in singuE lucEre asupra acestui subiectt, ofei5 o claslncare operatlonaH: - adrese externe:care permit comun ica rea intre
postaladdresseswiththepurposeof hidinsthetrue receiver of mail. The monfrequent on, post olflce boxes that are rented and used in this purpose, but there a many prite addresses of some propietary
that setue as middlemen forthe sendjng of mail toward a third addressee. chades Entwistle, jnthe only work about the subject', offels an operational classlfidtion: 'extrnal addrcsses: that allow the communication between bellisentcountriisln a conflict, where noF mal postal relations don't exist, throush a third country neutEl(in the case of Romanla, the most common 5ituation is that of POBox 406 in Lisbon, Portugal, between 1941 1944)i - intemal add resses: that keep secret the identjty of a location, projed or mil'rta.y unit, and are used inside a country or between countries v th an existent posiaL seruie (allis or neutral). The enlistment oftheethnicGennans from Roma nia as volunteels in the German Army (ss and Wehrmacht) has met two phases: - in the years 1939-19,13,when !olunteerinswas illegal, buttolerated bythe Romanian authorlties, peiod in which the number of the people enllsted in the cer man Armywas small, around 6000; - afterthe signing of the German-Romanian conventions of Ap.i/May 1943, volunteering bcame off icial, and the German milibrv enlistins @mmin:ees were active throughout the country'z, Startiig now arcund 50,000 young Gemafswill enter in th German uniti, mostly in the St a lot less in the wehrmacht orthe Todt Organization. German ethnics volunter orrespondence {voik deubcn?) from the instruction camps or from the front with theirtumilles in Romania was tree, urconnned, being subjeded onLytothe censo6hip restdctlons. The same thins is Milable forWehmacht and for the 55. Nevertheless, theE ae some myste.ious undercover .ddre$es destlned for correspondences with the SS volurteerc, th common explkation being that some of these came in the support of the lbmilies
$ribeliseBnte aflate in onflict,intre care nu exist; rehlii potta le normale, prin lntermediul unei a treia
lindnd cont de faptul c5 majoriratea scrisorllor circulate orin cS5ulele pogaLe SS sunt pe dieclia tarijront, am putea eventual presupune c5 era vorba de un seruiciu suplimentarin sprijinuldpedts to.ilor din Romenia care doreau sd evite cenzuE postalS externS romani (deoarcce scrkorile sosiae in tara de pe front 5r cenzurate de ss nu mai erau ce;zuratede rcmani, p n conventii speciale) Putea fiasadarr un e lement de orgoliu, reliefind autonomia sSfa!; dealie entiteli milita.e sau (hiarstatale lat; cum insusi motivul infiif!irii acedor adrese con_ soirative estede la bun inceput neclar Traseulacesto,corespondentetar; fronteBur_
la tumiliile din Romania erau intbduse aiunceau (nu se ttie ed cumlla o in niiutiesermani din Romania {pobabil rdiul admin t6tiv alGrupulli Etnic German din BGtov), de unde erau vimise pnn (Lrrierla serlin, ulte orlaViena aiunse ln aceste oc5e {unde functona atat cenzuc 5a (at sr cEsutele postale sS), scrisoile e6u extr.se
;utor
ot
in
thevition oftheGermanethnic
Seeins how most of the lettets that circulatd throuch the 5s post offrces are on the di.ectron countr!.frcnt. we could somehow suppose thatthere was a;upplementary seruice in the support of the rende.s from Romania that wanted to avoid the Fomanian ex_ ternal postal censo6hip (because the lette6 te(eiued in the.ountrv from the frontand ensorcd bv the 55 were not cen;ored twice bv the Romanians, through
special conventions). Thus, there could aLso be an ele_ ment of vanftv, hishljqhtingthe autonomyofthe 55as
ti;
$ri,
-
neutre {in cazul Rom6 niei cea maicunoscutS siinterne: care secr,tiread indentitatea unei
gi carc
in
plkui cae
scrisoile de
oooose to otherentue5, mrhtarv orstate. Thisiswhv reasonforthe ioundatjon of these conspibcies addrcsses is unclearfrom the besinning. The track of the corrcspondence country front
ades
s!nt folosite
neutre). existent{a iate lnrclarca etnrcrloreermanidln Romania ca voluntariin amata Cerman; (ss giwehrmacht)a cunos-
the letters from the iimilies in Romanianwrein_ troduced in envelopesthat reached (ii E unclearhow) a German instituhon ln Romania {probablv the admi_ nistnve headquanerofthe German Ethni( Group in B65ov), from where theywerc sent by(ourierto BeF
- reaching these towns {whe both SScensoEhlp aid pon offices tunctioned), the lette/s were extGcted from the onsinal envelopes invoduced in other enre_ loles on which the addressofthe ceiverwas rewrit_ ten bv rhe severalmilitary post otrice offier, and then sent to the front bv mihtarv ood, aftercensouhip.
-in anli 1939'1943, candvoluntariatul era clands' tin, dartolrat de autoritigle rcm6ne9ti, perioad; in
care
-
iost
tinerigenanivor intE in
la SS,
muLtmai puliniin
frcnt cu familiile lordln Romania a fostlibed, neinsr:dit5, flind supu$ doar rcstd4iilor impuse de cenzur:. Lucru vala bil si pentru Wehmacht ti 5s. 5i totuti, existi cate\ minrioase adrcse sub acopedre deninate co rspondenlei cuvoluntarii din SS, xplicatia uzu:li fiind
1. Expedierea din Romenia. Se ttiu puline llmrri clare privind modalitatea de circulalie in Rom;nia a scrisorilor LoRr ar fi tost 6 loate sedille locale aleGru_ pulu Etni. Gemdn (Deuts.he volkguppe in Runii' nn)$ p measd acene plicuride la expeditori, pe care apoisi lecentlizeE spre @nducerea Grupului in Brasov, unde vobsqtuppenJthre.ul Andteas schmidt siE spedierea lor maidepafte Prin curier lduo5ce.se Dare. executa 5io cenzurS proprie) acen ;istem a functionat in anii19,l+1943 celputi4 maials in Derioada i; care voluntaiatul eE clandestin, asadar atun(icind ascunderea elatieicu un membru defa milieinrclatln 55a!a unoarcarcfundament o indi6tre apare ln Fiq.4 unde noralia manlscrisd oG l/r Hermanrctddt desemneazi cusieurantS indi@tiwl se diului lodl unde expeditorulera luatin evidenF pentru
tralize them towards the command of the Group in Brsor. wherc vol|sqtuppenJnhrer Andreas schmidt wn;ld .n.ulire them foMard and awav bv courier
(after,
<.|fl
>>>
>>>
' undeftovet
htermediaa @respondentei ss. D.ram putea pretupune 6i e,istE ti altemodalit5ti de coresoondenli alternativi celejofi(iale. De *m_ ol!. nu sa nre daci sFriiinulloBisticaimatenalacordat
app entlr he rculd execute a @nsorship him_ This sstem worled:t least in the vears 1940rgq3, espeiiatty in the times when volunteenns was illesal, thuswhen hidlns a relatonship with a rdmiry membe.enlisted in the 55 made some sense and had somefoundine. A clue it shown in F,q 4 whe th
the sender
handw.itten notation o.G, l Henanrctodt suelv desisnatedthe code lmers ofthe localoffice where
Ms
forhctodngthe
) Deiaiidsor recruririle din judtul Hunedoara in artico ul Grecu, Dan-Simion - l,rolored ehicitor setnoni in unirdti 5t 19391943, Blletinul ABB, Tidisoara, nL 3{41)
th paper Grecu, Dan srhion - in.olareo etnicilot qet;ani ih unitdli ss (fhe re(uitnent ol Getnon ethnica in ss units), 19j9 1943, aBB att etln, rimisoaE, no. 3(4t sepl.
Hunedoah..untv in
voluntanlor55 gifamiliilor lor de ctre Fursoryeaffnet da woffa ss in Runijnien laflat la Hotel coroana din B6sov, care se ocu pa de recrutarc ti ma toate eviden_ telenecesarel nua cupnns clmva ti lntermedierea c+ iesoondenlei dinire acettia? {F,9. l).
Butwa ould suppose that therewere otherpcsi_ bilits as wellior letter9 alternative to the officialone Forexample, itwas never discovercd ifthe
paSina
>>> 5 ,,1
De asemenea, trei pl cwl deoseblte oferi dovada c; ln anu 1944 a existat glin Romania o adrese subaco
perire, in leg:tur;.u un jtiti ale armatei Cermane: este vorba de cisuta PortaE ni l din 8;nea5a (azisuburbie a Sucuregtilor),vezlF/q.2. Motivele ca.e m;tucsi pre-
logisti. support and mater al for the 55 volunteeu and then tumllles clven by the FrBorqeoJf ziet det wdtre n
Rrddn'en (located ln corcana Hote in Bratov that h:nd ed rec.ultingand had allthe necessary entrle, did not endose the factoring of mal between
55 in
supun acest luc.u sunt:scrisorietrlmise dln sate b5' nilene au desunatari d feriti, etnlci Cermanl c! ace ati hume de familiecu alexpeditor or, care ln mod noF malnu aveau ce ciuta intro loca itate ca Bineas (in schimb aicl era sediulce ui mai puternlccertru ml ltar sernan din zona Bucuretti, cu unltilide avlalie care fooseau aeroportu local lnclusv pentu legdturl cu Germa.ia) Notaliile cu creion roru pe plicuri susereazS !iee numere de inregistrare inttsun registru speclal.5i, nu in ultimu rnd, este susestiv
Aso, three specialenveopes show proofthat ln they$r1944therewas:n ondercoveraddress n Ro mania as well, in affinityw th theGerman Armyunlts: we are ta king about PO. Box nunber l in Bineasa (nowadays a subuft ofBucharest), see Fiq 2. The mo
tives ior thinkingth
5
ri!i:r lL,l
el.IF 1
Fis. 3 - Un d?hplu stdndadl de
a.e:
F>F
have d fferent .eceivers, Germar ethnics with the samef rst name a5the sende6, that normally are not
related
to:ny parts
in B:neasa G
iantt
cnte
tYt![k|
-.,;t/,-. 4;'?,,
nrnnat nt
SS,
", ,i ..',;,....r..,
NoL (3a ot)L) t itftary..ln.iet det ,YaJJea SS in Rtnrai ier: tui like, h th^ leter lre le tbls ir.la,tnn
)n kl
Garto .risi
trh
al
Militufi ltuAE e C.npn id I, Pun:e&pna.liet Reei eht 24 dntcadnn Di'iziei 11SS Stlkoor.a apetlptu Jtn R 'd'inapnn , un* nu M dl t tlt.. a t't\t a h r\r I t B., hh, ir trnrti ^orJlrnJ) rlo re wsott str"a;hciltkt Patnb )6,,r te'tul Ahi"de RERLTNi, J0/ SCHI-IESSFAcH 2uF.R.,
apoi tupuln Le,zurii SS .14 Bttin&r!lolov e ptld 1s i4inotnrn'nhi '!hrhetn tlc itchde'p tr ru
onn
tutufi
26 Berlih:
osctisoatt,,larn
lur" ape.liai
Pnh Cis lo
Militai Pae 16710E (=Conpa\ L t'aEd\re adierkecinan 21 af the t tt' Ss Dir*iD, Nodla t) Th? htl{se,tfun R.na h I'! oti*
to fie in an.lher entelop.
| ..u
h?p.r
d.,ttnntrnlri
nesr'?.are
- ! a!-L:.!.
:.
, - ,-. .1hi.1 \
it,)a B-ttih nLi.h r\.\ rtlo\1n! hl'.1atd As -\'18t. 'hnol\ bt Gen n ntlua. po totlnd'l h?\s?. Ptubul)le.lati a: the autrn 1943
,irh the t]t Absdtl:/BERLIN *30 / SCELTESte SS .dsatshiP SFACH 2l/|:R,, thca stbniled
rB
druwn
o t in Benb,co .eled
getrat
or
she..n-
tulht
hJe
faptu d ce etrelp lcuriau iostachizitionate dln Ger mania. Aradar BAne:sa este localia idea 5 pentru
tranzitul corespondenlei sub acoperire din Romenla
was the
Pe
aLeafi tale tn
n
se
dilfiuntn\
Ji
le.
it
na nresaje suu
cot$pa
tlet hd
spre unl$ii milltare germane; p;rerea persora: fiindci aiclene vorba de wehrmacht (a rmata resu_ la cermand), darclne $ie dace nu sunttotutiin le g;tLrd cuchsutele po5tale s5? in acestdrnurmS caz, un qneu, asoect nu arcorespunde cu pres!puner le
dz.-z;:*-,
J;!"*/r.l
maie+e realizatS. 2, c;sulele pottale ss, Au fost infiintate tl au tun.tionat n .e e doua omse unde era centralizat; sl ce-nzurati succeslv lntreiaa corespondent; s5:
ilerlln tl viena. Au existat gtampl e spec!.le de expe di\ie lAbsendeEtenpelnl, .are se aplicau pe verso plicurilor reexpedlate; textu or cuprlndea in Cer manS iermenul Expeditor (Absender), apoi ofkltl posta ii numSrul cisulei poStale (schlie5dach 26 sau 113), urmate de initialele rR., care se refed la insiitutia contractan$ a c6sulelor postale. Cores ponde;Ie p.lvind voluntarii din Romania suntcunos_
headqlarter of the strongest German m ltary center from the Blcharest surburdings, with aviation unltsthat used the lodl airpoa(forconnect onstoGer manVaswell). Notahons rn red crayon on theenvelopes eussest a 50 reBst@ton numbe6 rn a 5pecialreelstry And, nonethe less, it is hiahLv representative that the three envelopeswere boucht in Germany. Therefore, Baneasa isthe perfect locatior forthetEnsltof undeF .ove. mai from Romania towads German milita units' mv pe6onaLopinion is that this is abolt We hrmacht {normalGerman Army), but who knows if it couldn'tbeconnectedwlththesSponboxes? lnthe latter case, a slngle aspectwouLdn't match wth previoLs
asumptions: inthissystem,theGermanethnic's ette6 werecensod by Romanla, throlgh county bureaus, andthe,,extra-tenltory" wanted bythe 55 coo d nol be
2. ss P.O. Box. were esta blished a nd fundioned ln the two towns where the who e SS mailwas centrali zed andcensoredr Berlinandvienna.Therewerespe.ial sendrnBcachets (absende.5tempeln), thatwere apphed on the ve6o ofthe re 5ent ervelopes;their tFxts ..nta ned Ln German the word serder (Abtended, and then the po( offrce and number ofthe pos rbo, {Schlie$hch 26 sau 113), fo owed bv the iniuals F,R., that refered to the contctins irnltution ofthe postboxes. Correspondences regading the volunteers from Ronania are knownfrom theyea61943 1944 Norma v, these had no oag n rdentiicat on elements or the voLuntee. addre$ lthi5 beinsthe p!rpose of u. dercoveraddressed, so thatthe Romanian orisin oia military from the 55 can only be determined in the case of return mail (F,q. 4), in the case of un-secret
liA. 2 S.tia.tz tt..rnndafi .\p.liati h 22 5 lt41 le MetniL sama lnt ButEirut lBa )dt o tulal, pe.lrcsa6 4o PoSob r. I adneuro (itt tn.n rsn e . torba de o adrtli lrb a.apa re thiurl.!:t (u .a, aopaeu nt6t? itkn ladrtettrt). Ce anfi ih|id|oara, t zt Ruturc,\1i 25.5.|941:)i:o:iz BAreata nt.h r ittou.. Notiliu 162)trt tl
.rnti 1827 si l9l7),srAercazahnxi1erca larr t"gt 1t sp.cial, l)nhubil it Lm ..inio tli.Mita lru htnt\epn .u efur uln,a rL
pagina 6
^(BaM,tat Cn 4" Pottula,r. I Btik.dsa n. 1 Bnne.M (:utpl| it i uh. tu Md..rotxr .rldt s .tznilrhatit!^!t\ i: not rea tt?1, C?nwed h fit1itoan, ta rit B(harcn Mar 25't, 1911 a"d arlwl i't ])a eas. dtdur.!tu,oknLkl1623k thc ontervlopt: tilLrlal..l itl tht :un1e p? .n, ie,? b 1327 unl l9l/) lcnns tu a spe.iol rzgLtt L)atar/ on *hnh th. anrelap.s \tet seht br t.Lti. nt Grn r
'"latire, Po Rot
dt th. addrcss
r
onsntp4io litn
cutedoardinanii1943-1944.lnmodnorma acestea no ao niciun element de ldentlflcare a orlglniisau adreseivoluitarilor {acesta era de altfelsi rostul
unoradrese sub acoperire), astfelincat orlslnea .o maneascd a unuirnillt.r djn trupele 55 poate fide terminati doarin cazul corespondentelor returnate lFiq. 41, h cazu celor nesecretizate (Fig. 6) sau at!nc cand se cunoaste sl corespondenl; miitar; normal5 de h/spre sceea sl pe60a na. a.Schliessfdch 26Berlin. Aiunctionatla of ci! po5talBerLlnW3o (d n 6ehbers5tE$e 7'9), cel pul n p6ni
ry
>Lts
paeina 7
>>>
i.;i
a sfarsit! anu ui r94l 5i aparefoarte rarpecorespon denta vo Lntnrilor din Roman a dlntr-!n motivstatist c
'-: L
l':
:i
]
r",
vara anllui 1943 num;rLl or a fost forrte Fiq. 3 ti Frg. 4. b, Schliessfach 113 Wien, A f!ictioi:t la ofc ! Vieni 62 r'n anu 1944 fl nd relaliv cea ma inta .itii
pan5
redus.
i.
Ve?idoli exemplein
6 se vede s potta
ttamp le pe o.orespondent;front tari c! adr5;ln c arl Este men! onati in lteraturi 9i o alti c:su; sunt.unoscute, po5lb .a
ea
pe coresponde.la spre Rom e^:8, lezi Fiq. 5.h Fiq. nB!r! exemp cu.o5cut de aplicrre a
i la rce aSiofic u,.! num;ru 11015.n/ie55F.h 110), dar corespondenle c! aceastd glamp l; nu mi
s; fieln e$lur;cucoresponde.!a ss pe re alia Ungar a, rezevaid iumd rul11l pentru realia RomAn a. aid n.. v.d his tdu.nuon ln m.di.:no jnd h nory Mem berof:urop.ana.adcmyofPh atoly - AE!'. work iC n phi arey: p:st. ot Rom.nan reniory coitr.t:
DansinionGREcu,Mo, ir
naiv..f Huiedoitu,
Rodania,
f-iol
eolng/comingto that peEon is Inolvn a, Schliessfach 26 Berlin. FLnctoned l. the Berln W30 po5t offi.e (from Ge sbesld*e 7 9), at ean ! ntil the end oftheye.r 1943 and tcomes upveryErely n the Romanin. vounteer maiLfora 5tatisuc rer5oni !p ufti the s!mmer of theyear 1943 the rnumbeE were rcduced seenvoexamplesin Fiq.3and Fiq. 4 b, S.hliessfach 113Wien. Funcuoned in theVie.na 62 post: office in theVear1944 be ngthe mostcon monly niet corespondence toward Romania, see F/4. 5 hrFig.6 ti5showrtheonyknownexampleof acan cellation being appled or n cotrespondence between thefront co!ntrywlth the addressclear ylln lterature there s aho the menuon of another postbox of the same porta olflce,with the n!mber 110 (J.h/jestd.n l1d), but corespondences w th th s can(elat on are not familiarlo me,lt s possib e thrt this coL d be in connedion with 55 mai nreaiionwithHufg.ryre sev nglhe number 113 forthe re auon w th Romanla.
E
..
1,:/
:',
,1bs. d.t:,4/l
irn"t, tnilint nprnntn lii R. ini'.:i.2Prtlu Milnt 3)lq2C e ftL!h ll P.r.? tlh (altnl tr\t.1ri 11SS it. llund) S.ti!ou.. t lirst .tttn\i ta lietu lnr tlntl ot ilnnl tthlDIatn F \,oM r n.dpitu anv4.i Paltdle llJ, tu t.\dl
P.tilrla ll3 ti.nn:. vr
EN
Fi|r
ljn tturr?tu
la
in liral tturvnini j, a1 p.i Li ,tilit(i !:ehtnr.1 tl(littuttnti no e,1iLsonunlrt Sit 4.ara) at lrt : 1.6 t qal.xa, rzl n)ri pt obtbi l Sta vit., nti .tliLati lo fi.rt tt nnt 11R.tefttL liu .4ll ltli?i,
itp6;.ar.urii
SS
t'i!.5 ):1.n|0^1.\rrpr..l,1"trit ti ttc I'O B.t / 13 R nL )t!tI. t,i,1!qt l.h) ttlr , )//,,i1\,rrr,/rtr // 55 D^i!i. N. :Lu ) nt l. d \ar & \,t.ut tt t'1! r ol' lhr oti!.i tl a,rb?t, .a"c1.4 on th. t \.r\.wn)nrt ttuhl.f t.lao B.r tt3, \rth ttu !.\t: tbs. d.t:/vIF-N 6)A( H|It SSFICH 113/ER.. ld ltbrtittul ta tltr SS Lrnirhip liotr ltel. rhnh arpli^ th. post"xtk Asl. d tl h llt :;!rt l'r th. Gcnn rltrtr r.n to tr. ttul\a nL n.r olGthru onsinl)n siEtlitdtt) fhr ,,"te ! L(ll i. ak.lJrtn.!2t", tu|,i', onLltlr,tptlid nt nltn4.4l rot u\rl al RotrtttD ttua lN'., t]1tnrt\,) *Lhi: rdtio .4 nr
);nut r
1
tis.l Orarl4i l..\l,ni orftottr i(t1-/il,t' p(l).rt 1n,Ltora l rrii&rr 1. trrlitr, rrlt t lN tDrtr:i lilitttr Jt1|)tr1. )po] jtttniltti rt: ral t ttan.ilr .,lbst tl.t:/B LRL|\ 4 3|/|CHLI LSS InCg 26/ER.antr?t?t!?innlntrtulht!lthrr.hrt i. ntrkl!.) si !q,;\i t.,:uti:'Snnr ]tdi lN Drttir.tttlt?:xttnnxtttatrrlt!ttjri Lt x tuEltor!, ta!. )t ttr F-,trlii Er irht bcka n z nikn ubstatr! bttitniirt i,t, r,t,t.rt.!n!t. tntu .tp.lilur. r.tunlt it)ut"r.ln.uttiJtutn'rtara.plii,,t,t.
Coa''ltri t'ss),
tN!|.! i)ttai;
nh t L.t,t)ri,t
ltd!
\!r1
i1
"ut\\,1!l
.:,1,
,t\
's lal ." ttu l,!t ] lila \ith t: lru th\r lfr:/Rt;. t.ttwtt/,\( I|t.t
ut /!ttn,l
pln
an.
i!,,4,ituz rte$terunit4.th:,;de,&n
s.ijJl"a n ti!
r
t r rrf
tuttt! lyttu.nnti
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