1

NATIONAL JUNIOR COLLEGE

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS Higher 2

CANDIDATE NAME SUBJECT CLASS REGISTRATION NUMBER

PHYSICS
Paper 3 Longer Structured Questions Candidate answers on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required.

9646/03
14 Sep 2011 2 hours

Section A
READ THE INSTRUCTION FIRST Write your subject class, registration number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answers all questions. You are advised to spend one hour on each section. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiners Use 1 2 3 4 5 Total

NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY)

9646/03/2011

[Turn over

Data
speed of light in free space, permeability of free space, permittivity of free space, elementary charge, the Planck constant, unified atomic mass constant, rest mass of electron, rest mass of proton, molar gas constant, the Avogadro constant, the Boltzmann constant, gravitational constant, acceleration of free fall, c = 3.00 x 108 ms-1 0 = 4 x 10-7 Hm-1 0 = 8.85 x 10-12 Fm-1 e = 1.60 x 10-19 C h = 6.63 x 10-34 Js u = 1.66 x 10-27 kg me = 9.11 x 10-31 kg mp = 1.67 x 10-27 kg R = 8.31 JK-1mol-1 NA = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 k = 1.38 x 10-23 JK-1 G = 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2kg-2 g = 9.81 ms-2

Formulae
uniformly accelerated motion, work done on/by a gas, hydrostatic pressure gravitational potential, displacement of particle in s.h.m., velocity of particle in s.h.m., resistors in series, resistors in parallel, electric potential, alternating current/voltage, Transmission coefficient radioactive decay, decay constant,

W = pV p = gh
=

1 2 at 2 v 2 = u 2 + 2as s = ut +

Gm r

x = x0 sin t
v = v 0 cos t and v = x0 2 x 2

R = R1 + R2 +
1 1 1 = + + ... R R1 R2 Q V = 40 r

x = x0 sin t

T = ex p(-2kd) Where k = x = x0 exp (-t)

=
0.693 t1
2

8 2 m(U E ) h2

NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY)

9646/03/2011

[Turn over

Section A Answer all the questions in this section. 1 (a) A lighting circuit consists of four lamps connected as shown in the figure below. The resistance of each lamp is 120 .
Fuse A 5 4 3 2 1

B y

A fault is discovered in the circuit, so switch 1 is turned off and the fuse is removed for safety. A resistance meter is connected between the point A and B and the following readings are obtained for different switch positions. Switches 1 off off off off off (i) 2 off off off off on 3 off off off on on 4 off off on on on 5 off on on on on Resistance Meter Reading/ 14600000 120 60 40 0.2

If there were no fault in the circuit, what would the resistance meter read when switches 2, 3, 4 and 5 are on and 1 is off.

Reading =_____________ [1] (ii ) Suggest what the fault in the circuit may be.

[2]

NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY)

9646/03/2011

[Turn over

(b )

A potentiometer wire is suspected of having been damaged at some point along its length. To test this, the circuit is set up as shown below.

The table shows readings of the potential difference V, taken using a voltmeter of infinite resistance, for lengths of wire l. l/ m V/ V 0.100 0.17 0.250 0.42 0.400 0.67 0.550 0.93 0.700 1.49 0.850 1.75 1.000 2.00

Using the graph grid below, plot a suitable graph to determine the region of the wire which the damage has occurred. Explain your answer.

[5]
NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY) 9646/03/2011 [Turn over

Fig 2.1 shows a coil of copper wire made up of two semicircles joined by two straight sections of wire. The total resistance of the coil is 0.025 . The coil is lying flat on a horizontal surface. Starting from the orientation in Figure 2.1, the smaller semicircle of radius 0.20 m rotates at an angular frequency 1.5 rads -1 about the dashed line. The angle is the angle of rotation measured from the horizontal position as shown in Fig 2.2. A uniform magnetic field of magnitude 0.35 T is directed upwards, perpendicular to the horizontal surface.
0.40 m 0.20 m

Fig 2.2: 3-dimensional view

Fig 2.1: Top View

(a)

Define the weber.

[1] (b ) (i) Show that the maximum magnetic flux through the coil is 0.110 Wb.

[1] (ii) On the axes below, sketch the variation of the magnetic flux, through the coil with , for one full cycle. Indicate all the important values. / Wb

[2]
NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY) 9646/03/2011 [Turn over

(b (iii) )

Using the laws of electromagnetic induction, sketch on the axes below, the variation of the induced emf (E) in the coil with time (t) for one complete cycle. E/V

t/s

[2] (iv) Determine the maximum induced emf in the coil.

Maximum induced emf = ____________ V [2] (v) Hence or otherwise, determine the peak power dissipated in the coil.

Peak power = ____________ W (vi) Determine the average rate of rise of temperature in the coil given that the total mass of copper wire in the coil is 0.256 kg and the specific heat capacity of copper is 385 Jkg-1K-1.

[1]

Average rate of rise of temperature = _______ Ks-1 [2]

NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY)

9646/03/2011

[Turn over

Fig 3 shows the variation of the amplitude, x o, of the oscillation of a mass with the frequency of the external driver, fd.
xo / m

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

fd / Hz

Fig 3

(a)

Explain the shape of the graph shown in Fig 3.

[2] (b ) Calculate the angular frequency when the mass is oscillating at maximum amplitude.

Angular frequency = ________ rads-1 [2] (c) Draw, on Fig 3, a new graph to show the variation of amplitude with driver frequency if the mass of the oscillator is increased.

[1]

NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY)

9646/03/2011

[Turn over

Fig 4.1 below shows the variation of binding energy per nucleon with nucleon number. 9 8 Binding Energy per nucleon / MeV 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Fig 4.1 Consider the following nuclear reaction: Fission reaction: (a)
235 92 2 3 4 90

Kr
144

He

Ba
235

H H

Nucleon number

1 0

144 56

Ba

90 36

Kr

2 01n

Define binding energy.

[2] (b ) Explain, with reference to Fig 4.1, why the fission reaction is possible.

[1] (c) Estimate the energy released in the fission of a uranium-235 nucleus.

Energy released = ____________ J [3]

NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY) 9646/03/2011 [Turn over

(d )

Suggest two forms of energy produced during the fission of a single uranium 235 nuclide.

[2] 5 (a) Emission spectra are often produced in the laboratory using a discharge lamp containing the gas to be investigated. Draw a sketch of the experimental setup and explain the physical processes occurring within such a lamp which lead to the excitation of the gas atoms and the emission of light.

[4]

NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY)

9646/03/2011

[Turn over

10

(b )

Fig 5.1 below shows the energy level diagram for mercury atoms.
0 eV - 1.56 eV - 2.67 eV - 3.70 eV

Energy

- 4.94 eV - 5.50 eV

ground state

- 10.43 eV

Fig 5.1 (i) Draw a transition arrow on Figure 5.1 that will result in the emission of visible light photons. Show your working. [2]

(iii )

In the process of photo-ionisation, a photon interacts with the atom causing the ejection of the electron. Find the maximum wavelength of the radiation required to ionise the electron from the ground state. State the region of the electromagnetic spectrum in which this radiation lies.

Minimum wavelength = ____________ m Region of the EM spectrum ___________ [2]

NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY) 9646/03/2011 [Turn over

11

NATIONAL JUNIOR COLLEGE

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS Higher 2

CANDIDATE NAME SUBJECT CLASS REGISTRATION NUMBER

PHYSICS
Paper 3 Longer Structured Questions Candidate answers on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. Section B Answer any two questions. You are advised to spend one hour on each section. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Circle the questions you attempted. Submit Section A and B separately. 7

9646/03
14 Sep 2011 2 hours For Examiners Use 6

Total

NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY)

9646/03/2011

[Turn over

12

Section B Answer two questions in this section. 6 (a) Explain the following situation: (i) As a ball falls towards the Earth, the balls momentum increases because its speed increases. Suggest and explain if momentum is conserved in this situation.

[2] (ii) Consider 5 identical balls shown in Fig 6.1. Suggest if it is possible that when ball 1 is released, balls 4 and 5 will swing out on the opposite side and travel with half the speed of ball 1, as shown in Fig 6.1. You may assume that the collision is elastic.

v Fig 6.1

v 2

[2] (iii ) A raw egg dropped to a floor breaks but when it is dropped to a thick foam rubber cushion, it does not break. Explain.

[2]
NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY) 9646/03/2011 [Turn over

13

(a)

(iv )

An iceberg floating in seawater is extremely dangerous because much of the ice is below the surface. This hidden ice can damage a ship that is still a considerable distance from the visible ice. Determine the fraction of the iceberg that lies below the water level. Assume density of ice and seawater are 917 kgm-3 and 1030 kgm-3 respectively.

Fraction = ________ [2] (b ) Fig 6.2 shows two blocks of masses M and 3M, placed on a horizontal, frictionless surface. A light spring is attached to one of them. A cord initially holding the blocks together is burnt. Mass 3M moves to the right at 2.0 ms-1. v

2.0 ms-1

Fig 6.2 (i) State the Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum.

[1] (ii) Since no external force acts on the system, explain why the momentum of mass 3M is not conserved.

[1] (iii ) Determine the original elastic potential energy in the spring if M is 0.350 kg.

Elastic potential energy = _______ J [3]

NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY) 9646/03/2011 [Turn over

14

6 (c)

Distinguish the difference between the torque of a couple and the moment of a force.

[2] (d ) A model, shown in Fig 6.3, is built to represent the action of a human arm. The elbow behaves like a simple hinge. The mass, m = 8.0 kg, represents a load held in the hand and the forearm is assumed to be uniform with mass of 1 kg. Neglect the mass of the upper arm and the thickness of the forearm.

muscle m = 8.0 kg forearm 300 mm 30 mm

300 mm

Upper arm

elbow

Fig 6.3A

Fig 6.3B

(i)

Calculate the tension in the muscle when the forearm is horizontal and the muscle itself is vertical as shown in Fig 6.3A

Tension = _______ N [3]

NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY)

9646/03/2011

[Turn over

15

6 (d )

(ii )

The mass is now lifted, with the muscle vertical and in the final state of equilibrium as shown in Fig 6.3B. State how the tension in the muscle and the compressive force acting along the forearm changes, if at all? Explain your answer.

[3] 7 (a) A small conducting sphere carries a charge of +5.0 x 10-9 C. (i) Fig 7.1 shows the sphere held at the midpoint between two parallel plates. The plates are initially uncharged. When the sphere was inserted, charges were induced on both plates.

Fig 7.1

Draw at least six electric field lines between the sphere and the plates. (ii ) The plates, which are 4.0 cm apart, are now connected to a 50 000 V DC supply. Calculate 1. the magnitude of the electric field strength E between the plates assuming that this electric field is uniform.

[3]

E = ____________ NC-1 [2]

NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY)

9646/03/2011

[Turn over

16

7 (a)

(ii )

2.

the magnitude F of the electric force acting on the sphere, treating the sphere as a point charge of +5.0 x 10-9C

F = _____________ N [2] (b ) Fig 7.2 shows a linear particle accelerator or linac used to accelerate protons. Such a linac consists of a series of cylindrical electrodes. These electrodes are attached alternately to the terminals of an alternating voltage source of a fixed frequency so that the protons accelerate each time they cross the gap between two electrodes. Each time a proton crosses the gap, it is accelerated by a potential difference of 100 kV.
Proton source Proton beam

ac voltage source Cylindrical electrodes Fig 7.2

Protons from the source enter electrode 1 with 50 keV of energy. (i) State the energy of one of these protons after being accelerated 10 times.

energy = ____________keV [1] (ii ) Calculate the speed of this proton (after being accelerated 10 times).

speed = ____________ms-1 [2]

NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY)

9646/03/2011

[Turn over

17

7 (b )

(iii)

If electrons are used instead of protons, calculate the speed of an electron after being accelerated 10 times.

speed = ___________ms-1 [2] (iv) Comment on your answer in (iii).

[1] (v) The lengths of the electrodes in a proton linac increase along the path of the particles (as shown in Fig 7.2). However a high-energy electron linac has electrodes which are all of the same length. Suggest why this is so.

[2] (c) Fig 7.3 shows a beam of potassium ions passing through a region of uniform magnetic field of flux density 0.84T directed into the plane of paper. The ions are travelling at a speed of 5.0 x 105 ms-1.

Path of potassium ions Source of potassium ions

Fig 7.3

Region of uniform magnetic field

Vacuum Chamber

The ions that make up the beam are produced at a rate of 5.4 x 10 7 per second and the charge on each ion is +1.6 x 10-19 C. (i) Calculate the electric current of the beam

current = _____________ A [1]

NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY) 9646/03/2011 [Turn over

18

7 (c)

(ii)

If the mass of each potassium ion is 6.5 x 10-26 kg, calculate the radius of the path of the ions within the magnetic field

radius = _____________ m [2] (iii ) In an actual experiment, it was found that 93% of all potassium ions emitted from the source followed the path with the radius calculated in (ii). The remaining 7% followed a different path with a slightly larger radius. Suggest why this happens.

[2] 8 (a) Using appropriate diagram(s) and the concepts of population inversion and stimulated emission, explain the action of a laser.

[5]
NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY) 9646/03/2011 [Turn over

19

(b )

(i)

1.

State two conditions for the superposition of two waves to give rise to a well-defined interference pattern.

[2] 2. Explain why these conditions are necessary.

[2] (ii) A red laser beam of wavelength 628 nm illuminates two narrow vertical slits. The interference fringes produced is observed on a screen parallel to and 1.5 m from the slits. The distance between the centres of the fourth order maxima on either side of the central maximum is 6.0 cm. 1. Calculate the separation of the slits.

Separation = __________ m [2] 2. If the whole apparatus was submerged in water of refractive index 1.33, determine the new fringe separation given that Refractive index of water =
Speed of light in vacuum Speed of light in water

Separation = ___________m
NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY) 9646/03/2011 [Turn over

[3]

20

8 (c)

Explain why the aperture(s) of a diffraction grating for visible light should be (i) narrow compared to the wavelength of the visible light

[1] (ii) close together

[1] (d ) The same laser beam is now incident normally on a diffraction grating with vertical slits that has 5.5 x 105 lines per metre as shown in Fig 8.1 below. The distance between the grating and the screen is 1.5 m.

X
laser grating

Fig 8.1 (i)

screen

Sketch on Fig 8.2, the pattern produced on the screen ( X corresponds to the central fringe indicated in Fig 8.1). Label the distances in your sketch and show your working clearly. 5m

5m

Fig 8.2

[3]

NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY)

9646/03/2011

[Turn over

21

8 (d )

(ii)

The grating is now replaced by a crossed diffraction grating with both vertical and horizontal slits. Sketch on Fig 8.3, the possible pattern produced on the screen when the laser light is sent through such a grating. 5m

5m

Fig 8.3

[1]

End of Paper

NJC (FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY)

9646/03/2011

[Turn over