1 Rik Wayne Munson

Private Attorney General

2 218 Landana St
American Canyon, CA 94503
3
To:
4 George Valverde - Director, Department of Motor Vehicles
Office of the Director
5 Department of Motor Vehicles
2415 1st Avenue Mail Station F101
6
Sacramento, CA 95818
7
CC:
8
Attorney General Edmund G. Brown Jr.
9 Attorney General's Office
California Department of Justice
10 P.O. Box 944255 Sacramento, CA 94244-2550
11
Debra Bowen - California Secretary of State
12 1500 11th Street
Sacramento CA 95814
13
14 Dale E. Bonnea Secretary
Business, Transportation & Housing Agency
15 980 9th Street, Suite 2450, Sacramento, California
16
17 Certified Mail # 7006 2760 0002 7288 2214

18
19
THIS LETTER CONSTITUTES LEGAL NOTICE.
20 NOTICE TO AGENT IS NOTICE TO PRINCIPAL
NOTICE TO PRINCIPAL IS NOTICE TO AGENT
21
22
23 Notice of default
24 Notice of Rescission of California drivers license E0626145
25 Notice of Law
26 Attachment: DL-142
27
28 Dear Director Valverde,
Page 1 of 30
DMV LETTER OF RECISSION
 1 First, let me congratulate you on your recent appointment to head the California Department of
2 Motor Vehicles. Secondly, I want to wish you the utmost success in your new endeavor.

3 nullum similar est idem :

4 Legal maxim that “things which are similar are not the same”.
Director Valverde, I am writing you today to inform you that your predecessor(s) have left your office
5
and the Department of Motor Vehicles (herein after “the Department”) in an untenable position. I am
6
also writing today to notify you of my rescission of California Drivers License #E0626145 issued in the
7
name of misnomer “RIK WAYNE MUNSON” a thing the nature of which is entirely unknown to me.
8
You are herein notified, as your predecessor and the department had been previously noticed, that
9 my correct and proper Christian appellation is Rik Wayne Munson, and that I, Rik Wayne Munson, am a
10 non-resident alien to the federal UNITED STATES. That I am a sovereign born constituent inhabitant
11 domiciled upon the land, on California, the state of the republic, United States of America. I specifically
12 reject, deny and refute all claims alleging Rik Wayne Munson to be the all capital lettered idem sonans

13 RIK WAYNE MUNSON or MUNSON, RIK WAYNE, the label used by the department to identify me
in it’s system of records which it has refused or otherwise failed to correct.
14
15
NOTICE OF BREACH OF FIDUCIARTY DUTY AND
16
NOTICE OF DEFAULT
17
18
Director Valverde on Thursday, September 23, 2004 I sent a letter identifiable as CERTIFIED
19 MAIL # 7003 1010 0003 5137 8612, addressed to the Director of the Department of Motor Vehicles in
20 which I requested clarification of the nature of my relationship as a licensee with the Department
21 wherein I requested specific explanations. I have never received a response to my inquiry.
22 Director Valverde on May 6, 2006 I sent a letter identifiable as CERTIFIED MAIL #7003 1010

23 0003 5137 8582 addressed to the Director of the Department of Motor Vehicles. In that communication I
again requested specific information, this time in response to a prosecution regarding issues, which may
24
have been rendered mute by a proper response to my earlier inquiry. I have never received a response to
25
this inquiry.
26
Director Valverde on August 24th 2007 I sent a letter identifiable as CERTIFIED MAIL #7003
27
1010 0003 5137 8599 addressed to the Director of the show proof of any Department of Motor Vehicles
28 in response to a letter demanding proof of financial responsibility. In my reply I made it clear that there
Page 2 of 30
DMV LETTER OF RECISSION
 1 can be no law compelling me to enter into a contract of Maritime insurance or any similar such thing. In
2 that letter I also issued notice of a demand for a state hearing. I have never received a reply to that

3 inquiry and I have been denied the requested state hearing. Subsequent to my request for a state hearing
I received communications from the Department notifying me of the suspension of my automobile
4
registration in pursuance of the above referenced forced maritime insurance racketeering scheme.
5
Please understand Mr. Director that these communications are both letters of inquiry and
6
petitions for redress that constitute legal notice. The right to petition would be meaningless without a
7 corresponding duty to answer. Equal protection of the law requires your agency to provide opportunity
8 for an administrative hearing before any action can be taken against a driver’s license or an owner’s
9 vehicle registration. I have made it perfectly clear that I will not surrender my rights and that I fully
10 intend to hold the past and present directors personally and severally liable for any injury I suffer as a

11 result of the herein noticed breach of fiduciary duty and that I will hold the department liable as well.
Director Valverde on August 24th 2007 the department was served with a notice of my claim to
12
allodial title to all vehicles registered with the department. I noticed the Department of the legally
13
required 30 days opportunity to respond with any owner ship interest the state claims to have in my
14
automobiles. No claim of ownership interest was ever received however, I also sent a copy of my
15
demand to RISK Management from whom I received a reply. RISK Management confirms that they
16 only concern themselves with vehicles owned by the state and that they have nothing to do with the
17 conflict between the Department and myself. I accept this as an admission that the state has no property
18 interest in my automobiles.
19 I have also been threatened by your agency in regards to what is being touted as “financial

20 responsibility laws” and even though I have paid my registration fees and the payment has been
accepted yet the Department refuses to issue my current registration tags with out my first providing
21
proof that I am contracting for maritime insurance on my private use automobile. Please correct this
22
issue that I do not suffer unwarranted interference with my right to use my property on the public streets
23
and highways.
24
25 NOTICE OF CRIMINAL CONDUCT DANGEROUS TO PUBLIC MORALS, LIVES
26 AND SAFTEY
27 Mr. Director there is a matter of utmost concern that I bring to your attention. Hosted amongst us

28 is a standing army of predators. They are prowling our streets and highways accosting and interfering

Page 3 of 30
DMV LETTER OF RECISSION
 1 with the liberty of our Citizens. They do this while being heavily armed and bearing none or
2 questionable insignia, clothed in paramilitary dress and presenting under color of lawful authority. They

3 have been trained to use the deadly “Use of Force Continuum” against passersby until those travelers
acquiesce to the demands of these armed gunmen which typically includes a demand for a signature as
4
“promise to appear” in what emerges to be a private court. This court is a place where the proceedings
5
are secreted or forged and where there is clearly no independent record of the proceedings. In these trials
6
the armed paramilitary predator acts as prosecutor even though he is admittedly not a member of the bar
7 and offers no evidence of standing.
8 These are proceedings where neither criminal indictments or information nor civil complaints are
9 ever filed nor is discovery answered. It is a theatre where the supposed neutral finder of facts refuses to
10 declare the nature of the action and dismisses unanswered and unchallenged pleadings without findings

11 of fact or conclusions of law. It is a theatre where the victims of these assaults are denied counsel and
denied jury trial and then extorted for valuable consideration under duress of having their license
12
suspended. These victims are then subject to being imprisoned and/or robbed of their auto if they
13
attempt to continue to exercise their right of travel without comporting with the demands for said
14
valuable consideration. This is all somehow being legitimized through statutory schemes purporting to
15
address various requirements and penalties attaching to the drivers “license”. How are these kinds of
16 actions justifiable?
17 Many of these armed individuals, whom I refer to, as predators because of their behaviors may
18 be well intentioned and motivated people who are highly trained but misinformed and poorly educated.
19 Those, of course, that do not meet this description are intentionally misapplying the law for profit. The

20 state level office responsible for the misinformed and poorly educated station of its proportion of these
armed and dangerous individuals is that of the Commissioner of the California Highway Patrol.
21
22
CURIOUSER AND CURIOUSER!
23
The matter becomes more perplexing when effort is made to reconcile the above facts with
24 Supreme Court cases like Clearfield Trust vs. U.S. wherein it becomes clear that governments operate in
25 two separate capacities, one governmental and one non-governmental. The non-governmental function is
26 being called “commerce” or “business”. When governments conduct business they do so on business
27 terms. That is to say they descend to the level of an ordinary corporation or private individual. In Ryder

28 v US the court made it clear that it is the individuals duty when having contact with government to

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DMV LETTER OF RECISSION
 1 ascertain the nature of the interaction and to hold the agent within the limits of the agents authority
2 whether the agent knows those limits or not. This letter constitutes just such exercise of duty.

3 The organizational chart for the state government shows the California Highway Patrol to be an
agency of the executive branch of state government situated, like yours, directly beneath the agency
4
named the Business, Transportation & Housing Agency. Interestingly the government’s business partner
5
network at bpn.gov shows the California Highway Patrol to be a “for profit” corporation contracting to
6
provide patrolling and security services to the entity conducting business as the STATE OF
7 CALIFORNIA (corporate). The individual “patrolmen” of the California Highway Patrol call
8 themselves officers while holding no known public office of a civil character. There are no public offices
9 of a civil character labeled patrolman, policeman, traffic enforcement, policy enforcement or anything
10 similar nor are there known corporate offices by any of these descriptions or labels. When these

11 “officers” engage in the disruptive behavior described above it is unclear whether they are acting in the
capacity of government employees, corporate employees, and independent contractors or simply
12
highwaymen and racketeers. This leads to an obvious question. What office do these armed highwaymen
13
claim to hold?
14
The matter is again complicated by several other factors.
15
16 NOTICE OF VIOLATIONS OF CONSTITUTIONALLY PROTECTED FUNDAMENTAL
17 RIGHTS.
18 The web site for the state Department of Motor Vehicles describes applicants for drivers’ licenses
19 and vehicle registrations as “customers”. These “customers” as a condition of receiving the “license” or

20 “registration” are required to submit sensitive personal and private information. This sensitive personal
and private information, as the case of Reno v Condon makes apparent, is then sold to private 3rd party
21
interests for private 3rd party purposes. These private 3rd party interests then use that information to
22
assault the serenity of these “customers” private lives by targeting them with political, bleeding heart
23
charity, marketing and other commercial mailing advertisement clutter. Even more inconvenient and
24 disruptive are the invasive sales and marketing oriented phone calls from these inconsiderate, self-
25 interested product marketers who clearly have no respect for the serenity of peoples homes and private
26 lives.
27 It would appear to be a condition of acceptance of the California drivers License that it somehow

28 leads to this appalling violation of individual privacy as well as to numerous other fundamental rights

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DMV LETTER OF RECISSION
 1 violations. These “traffic” courts, as described above from first hand experiences, clearly violate due
2 process. When no one seems to know the substantive body of law in which traffic or any other

3 infractions reside Due Process fails in its first principle requirement, which is notice. No promise
extracted by a gunman on the highway can be said to be voluntary. If however, one refuses to sign such
4
promissory instruments they are kidnapped and car jacked under the pretext of an arrest without a
5
warrant and impound. This all occurs admittedly without a crime having ever been committed nor any
6
injury in fact ever demonstrated.
7 A license is only evidence that one is the holder of a privilege. It is not evidence that one is
8 exercising said privilege and it is not evidence of the waiver of any rights. The courts still hold that the
9 waiver of a known constitutionally protected right must be a knowing and intelligent act done with
10 sufficient knowledge of the relevant circumstances and likely consequences and that it must be

11 voluntary. I’ve never waived my right to use the highway for non-commercial purposes nor have I
entered into any contractual agreement, which would relegate such usage to the authority of agencies
12
that license the commercial use of our highways.
13
Research into the archives of our jural system shows without question that the streets and the
14
highways belong to the people and that their use for personal acts of conveyance is a right not a
15
privilege subject to regulation by the state or the local municipalities. Government has never been
16 granted the authority to cover the streets and highways with asphalt as a barricade to the free exercise of
17 travel. The racketeering by local municipalities under the pretext of “traffic enforcement” is a criminal
18 enterprise amounting to treasonous fraud.
19 A lie Mr. Director is a thing in want of more to hide it and silence where there is a duty to speak

20 is fraud. To date I have received no answer to inquiries addressed to the Department other than a non-
responsive form publication in avoidance of legitimate answers. Director Valverde you are hereby
21
noticed that your office has breached its’ fiduciary duties and is in default. You are further noticed that I
22
am not empowered to enter into any arrangement with the department, as I do not recognize the nature
23
of the relationship that is created by the application, for a license, the thing governed under which is
24 entirely unclear, but would appear to be conditional and involving a surrender of rights not expressly
25 stated in the application.
26 I do not choose to waive my right to privacy.
27 a. I invoke my right to privacy.

28
Page 6 of 30
DMV LETTER OF RECISSION
 1 b. I object to having my sensitive personal and private information converted to an item
2 of commerce for the enrichment of strangers, at my expense.

3 2. I do not choose to waive my right to unlicensed use of the streets and highways for
personal acts of travel.
4
a. I invoke my right to travel unregulated absent a clear and present danger to public
5
safety.
6
3. I do not choose to waive my right to Due Process and the rule of law.
7 a. I invoke my right to Due Process and a constitutionally valid jurisdiction.
8 4. I do not choose to waive my right to be secure in my person and possessions against un-
9 warranted searches or seizures.
10 a. I invoke my right to be secure in my person and possessions.

11 5. I do not waive my right not to be a witness against myself.

a. I invoke my right not to be a witness against myself.
12
6. I reserve and invoke all of my rights in perpetuity.
13
14
The Department of Motor Vehicles has by stealthy encroachment overstepped its bounds
15
By stealthy encroachment the state takes away our liberty and sells is back to us as a license. Thanks to
16
the blessings of the federally sponsored campaign of ignorance programming, commonly referred to as
17
“Public Education”, we have evolved into a society of sheep grazing upon the grass of submission,
18
suffrage and servitude having been from childhood trained to call it freedom. The stealthy encroachment
19
process of the corporation/ state against the human depends on time for its success. The corporation/
20
state has indefinite life. As each succeeding generation of people dies off, the next generation fails to
21
remember the lessons and history of the previous generation. The corporation state counts on that. Our
22
laws however, are written in our books and our books remember the way it was and what the law still is.
23
The corporation state, more properly called fascist, counts on this generation to forget that we
24
use the roads as tenants in common - not as licensees! By looking back through our jural record at old
25
disputes regarding roads, rivers, and other ways of passage, we see clearly the view that public property
26
is nothing more than property held in common tenancy for use by the public. Being joint tenants in
27
sovereignty we each have an un-divided ownership interest in all that belongs to the pubic. The streets
28
and highways are no exception.
Page 7 of 30
DMV LETTER OF RECISSION
 1 There is a case that says that all administrative law is unconstitutional. We need not be that
2 extreme. Certainly there are some things that the Department of Motor Vehicles can do lawfully. They
3 can assist in transferring title of a car, which means in essence “maintain a registry”. They can
4 administer a driver test. Even if the state legislature cooperates and passes a “statute” for the motor
5 vehicle code, that “statute” is really more like a “regulation” in that even the legislature has no power to
6 impede commerce absent compelling state interest.
7
8 The Supreme Court said in U.S. v Mersky (1960) 361 U.S. 431: An administrative regulation, of
course, is not a "statute." While in practical effect regulations may be called "little laws," 1. 7 they are at
9
most but offspring of statutes.”
10
11 I cite this case only to point out that indeed there is a difference between regulations and statutes.
12 Furthermore, not all laws are created equal. A statute that regulates without constitutional authority is a
nullity even though it be published in the books, recognized by the police and lowers courts, and even
13
though it be unchallenged for decades. Such is the current state of driver license and financial
14
responsibility laws in these United States. We are in the age of government excess and abuse. Over half
15 the working people work for some form of government agency. By manipulating the value of our
16 money, by exporting our industry and importing cheap illegal labor, by imprisoning dissenters, by
17 owning the stock of public corporations, by deceptive bookkeeping, and by other oppressive fraudulent,
and malicious acts, governments have lulled the general populace into a belief in the presumed
18
regularity of whatever the government says. I however demand adherences to the rule of law as it is
19
written in our books and I fully intend to hold my servants accountable for any and all violations of their
20 oaths of public office and any and all trespass against my rights.
21
Director Valverde I paid the fees on my private use automobile
22
23 NOTICE OF RESCISSION OF DL#E0626145

24 Director Valverde for reasons cited herein you are hereby noticed of the rescission of California
Drivers License #E0626145. Said license is rescinded Nunc pro tunc to the date of the original
25
application. The application was not voluntary but the end result of coercion and fraud by the Municipal
26
Court of Long Beach California. I did not complete the application in question or enter into an
27
arrangement created by it fully informed but rather under duress of coercions and fraud. I have
28 determined that I erred by declaring true that which wasn’t true. I have an obligation to notify DMV, the
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DMV LETTER OF RECISSION
 1 other party to the contract, so that steps can be taken to correct the fraud. There is no statute of
2 limitations on fraud and an agreement does not become valid over the course of time when there are

3 elements of fraud found in the inception of the agreement. It can be easily demonstrated that fraud
existed at the time of original application and at each subsequent juncture in that:
4
5 1. I was misinformed and unaware that the DMV participated solely in the regulation of intrastate
6 commerce, an activity I have never engaged in or intended to engage in.
7 2. I was taught in state sponsored public education that driving was a privilege however, I was
8 never told the difference between the word driving in ordinary language and the term driving in
9 the legalese dialectic, which is a word narrowly defined as integrally related to commerce.
10 3. I was misinformed and unaware that the term "driver" represented one engaged in government
11 regulated commercial traffic and transportation activity, an activity I have never engaged in or
12 intended to engage in.
13 4. I was misinformed and unaware that the term "motor vehicle" described a device used upon the
14 highways for commercial purposes, an activity I have never engaged in or intended to engage in.
15 5. I was misinformed and unaware that the license issued by the DMV authorizes engagement only
16 in privileged government regulated commercial activity, activities I have never engaged in or
17 intended to engage in.
18 6. I was misinformed and unaware that in order to receive such benefits/privileges, it might be
19 claimed I had waived constitutionally secured inalienable rights.
20 7. I was misinformed and unaware that in order to get the benefits/privileges offered by the DMV I
21 might be claimed that I had altered the primary citizenship acquired at birth to that of a second-
22 class citizen without access to fundamental rights or their protections under the Supreme Law of
23 the Land.
24 8. I was misinformed and unaware that a party wanting benefits/privileges from the DMV must first
25 enter a federal government socialist welfare program called social security when such program
26 has always been said to be voluntary.
27 9. I was misinformed and unaware at the time of my coerced application that it might be claimed
28 that I had entered into any "irrevocable agreement".
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DMV LETTER OF RECISSION
 1 10. I was coerced and made under threat to believe that I was required to get a license before I could
2 lawfully use my property on the streets and highways that I pay for in legitimate taxes.
3 11. I was misinformed and unaware that I could not be compelled to transfer an interest in my
4 private property to the DMV or that applying for a license may be claimed to involve doing so.
5
Further:
6
7 The issuing of CDL's (Commercial Drivers Licenses) in the style of a Ces't Tui Que trust, for
8 which an applicant is held as fiduciary;
9 1) cannot be predicated on forfeiture of protected rights for the sake of obtaining a privilege to engage in
10 use of the public domain for commercial conduct,
11
12 2) cannot be seen as a legitimate trust agreement where conveyance of a property interest remains
13 undisclosed,
14
15 3) and where the fiduciary is a member, as joint tenant, of the polity which is presumed to be the
16 beneficiary thereof,
17
18 4) constitutes a tortuous conversion where terms such as 'registration' are replaced by terms such as
19 'license' and 'licensing' by legislative committees and regulatory agencies,
20
21 5) constitutes fraud and constructive fraud where government publications advertise statutory and
22 regulatory schemes as 'required' and 'requirements' with general and unexceptional application, and
23
24 6) while frustrating or actively denying implementation of substantive and procedural due process
25 protections guaranteed in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments,
26
27 7) thus manifesting a Remedial Abridgment where agencies charged with duties of administration of
28 commercial traffic refuse to respond to requests for, or demands to, correct the record or to act in good
Page 10 of 30
DMV LETTER OF RECISSION
 1 faith to pursue administrative remedy when a citizen seeks relief from extant injury or protection from
2 imminent or threatened injury and harm,
3
4 8) Satisfies the definition of 'Racketeering' under RICO statutes when the actions and policies routinely
5 practiced by state and local agencies, officers and employees are taken into account,
6
7 9) Violates Article IV Section 4, guaranteeing to every state a republican form of government where
8 those acting under color of lawful authority cooperate to effect an enterprise designed to eclipse
9 constitutional government and by obfuscation and usurpation, replace law with policy administered by
10 corporate interests,
11
12 10) Justifies charges of treason and sedition where officers bound by oath of office set themselves at
13 defiance of law by furthering the financial interests and shielding the disclosure of quasi-governmental
14 and non-governmental operations of individuals and organizations involved in the unjust enrichment of
15 purported state actors.
16
17 NOTICE OF LAW

18 We the people are the sovereigns:

19
20 "When we consider the nature and the theory of our institutions of government, the principles on which

21 they are supposed to rest, and review the history of their development, we are constrained to conclude

22 that they do not mean to leave room for the play and action of purely personal and arbitrary power.

23 Sovereignty itself is, of course, not subject to law, for it is the author and source of law; but in our

24 system, while sovereign powers are delegated to the agencies of government, Sovereignty itself remains

25 with the people, by whom and for whom all government exists and acts. And the law is the definition

26 and limitation of power. It is, indeed, quite true that there must always be lodged somewhere, and in

27 some person or body, the authority of final decision; and in many cases of mere administration, the

28 responsibility is purely political, no appeal lying except to the ultimate tribunal of the public judgment,

Page 11 of 30
DMV LETTER OF RECISSION
 1 exercised either in the pressure of opinion, or by means of the suffrage. But the fundamental rights to
2 life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, considered as individual possessions, are secured by those
3 maxims of constitutional law which are the monuments showing the victorious progress of the race in
4 securing to men the blessings of civilization under the reign of just and equal laws, so that, in the famous
5 language of the Massachusetts bill of rights, the government 'may be a government of laws and not of
6 men.' For the very idea that one man may be compelled to hold his life, or the means of living, or any
7 material right essential to the enjoyment of life, at the mere will of another, seems to be intolerable in
8 any country where freedom prevails, as being the essence of slavery itself." Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118
9 U.S. 356 (1886)
10
11 "[T]he sovereignty of the nation is in the people of the nation, and the residuary sovereignty of each

12 State in the people of each State… at the Revolution, the sovereignty devolved on the people; and they

13 are truly the sovereigns of the country, but they are sovereigns without subjects (unless the African [2

14 U.S. 419, 472] slaves among us may be so called) and have none to govern but themselves; the citizens of

15 America are equal as fellow citizens, and as joint tenants in the sovereignty. ." Chisholm v. Georgia, 2

16 U.S. 419 (1793),

17
General Ancient Libertarian Premise
18
19 Personal liberty, which is guaranteed to every citizen under our Constitution and laws, consists of the right
20 of locomotion - to go where one pleases, and when, and to do what may lead to one’s business or pleasure, only

21 so far restrained as the rights of others may make necessary for the welfare of all other citizens.

22
One may travel along the public highways or in public places. *** These are rights which existed long
23 before our [their Federal] Constitution, and we have taken just pride in their maintenance, making them a part of
24 the fundamental law of the land. Pinkerton v. Verberg, 78 Mich. 573, 584, 44 N.W. 579 (1889).

25
There now exists policies/laws that attempt to prohibit travel in the several states that attempt to prohibit travel
26
by way of “driver’s licenses” and taxes, along with other quasi-State laws.
27
28
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DMV LETTER OF RECISSION
 1
The two rights of liberty and property which are taken for granted, are extremely important rights and when
2 claimed and asserted should not be taken lightly by the courts.

3
This court has consistently held to the view that liberty of the person and the right to the control of one’s
4
own property are very sacred rights which should not be taken away or withheld except for very urgent reasons. In
5 re Guardianship of Collition, 164 N.W. 2d 480, 483; 41Wis. 2d 487 (1969).
6
Since the Governors Convention on March 6, 1933 and the bankruptcy of this Nation by the infamous
7
Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 9, 1933, the States have come increasingly more and more aggressive in
8
controlling the people and their property, and these States will now not tolerate anyone traveling in their domain
9 without their permission, i.e. license. Just a short time after this bankruptcy, on April 21, 1933, the license law was
10 passed, but not enforced....?

11
When government passes an unlawful act, such as the licensing of a right, people need to know they have
12
no obligation to obey it, for it is void from the time it was enacted:
13
An unconstitutional legislative enactment, through law in form, is in fact not law at all. It confers no rights; it
14
imposes no duties; it affords no protection; it is in legal contemplation as inoperative as though it had never been
15
passed. Bonnett v. Vallier, 116 N.W. 885, 136 Wis. 193 (1908); Norton v. Shelby County, 118 U.S. 425, 442.
16
17 Where the people remain ignorant of the law, they will be in bondage. Quoting Thomas Jefferson: “If a
people expects to be ignorant and free, they expect what never was and never will be.”
18
19 The following maxim was often cited in early America to guard against this problem:
20
That no free government, or the blessings of liberty, can be preserved to any people but by a firm
21
adherence to justice and virtue, and by a frequent recurrence to fundamental principles. See, Bonnett v. Vallier,
22
116 N.W. 885, 136 Wis. 193 (1908); Norton v. Shelby County, 118 U.S. 425, 442.
23
I claim all God given Natural Rights and assert these inherited rights that are unalienable as reinforced in
24
“The Declaration of Independence” (1776). It is not my intention to descend from there now, in the past or in the
25
future, knowingly or unknowingly.
26
27 Some cases that distinguish the difference between “rights” and “privileges”

28
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DMV LETTER OF RECISSION
 1
The permission or license is a special right or privilege. Once a license exists only the licensee has he
2 right to do the thing the licensor allows. The licensee is privileged over others who do not have a license. It thus is

3 a privilege to have the right to do the thing that is licensed. In other words, the right or permission granted by the
licensor is a privilege since he controls who can and who cannot exercise the right. If the licensor grants the
4
licensee a right or benefit, it is called a privilege:
5
6 The word privilege is defined as a peculiar benefit, favor, or advantage, a right or immunity not enjoyed by

7 all, or it may be enjoyed only under special conditions. Knoll Golf Club v U.S., 179 F Supp 377

8 Since the right or permission to do a thing is called a license, and since the right is “peculiar” to the
licensee alone, the license is called a privilege. Anything that requires a license is a privilege.
9
10
A license for the sale of intoxicating liquor is a privilege. Chiordi v Jernigan 129 P 2nd 640, 642; 46 NM
11
396.
12
Even privileges must be administered even-handedly. Authority: Equal Protection Clause.
13
14 Also, grandfather clauses, and implied clauses, forbid the state to take away a vested right.
15
Those have the right to do something cannot be licensed for what they already have right to do as such
16 license would be meaningless. City of Chicago v Collins (19__) 51 NE 907, 910.

17
Also, those things which are considered as inalienable rights, which all Americans possess, cannot be
18
licensed since those are not held to be a privilege.
19
20 The right to freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, and freedom of religious

21 worship are not privileges. Douglas v City of Jeannette 130 F 2nd 652, 655.

22
A license bypasses a legal barrier or makes an otherwise unlawful act lawful. The nature of a license
23 allows the licensee to do something he could not otherwise legally do. Thus, a license gives the licensee the right

24 to do something that would otherwise be illegal or unlawful for him to do.

25
A license is a mere permit to do something that without it would be unlawful. Littleton v Burgess, 82 P
26 864, 866, 14 Wyo 173.
27
28
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 1
A license is a right granted by some competent authority to do an act which, without such license, would
2 be illegal. Beard v City of Atlanta (__) 86 SE 2nd 672, 676; 91 Ga. App. 584.

3
A licensee is one privileged to enter or remain on land by virtue of the possessor’s consent, whether given
4
by invitation or permission. Wool v Larner, 26 A 2nd 89, 92, 112 Vt. 431.
5
6 The licensor has the power to prohibit. Since the licensor is in the position to grant a right or permission it
logically follows that he has the power to prohibit the act also. Likewise, having the power to prohibit something
7
from being done, it follows as a corollary that power also exists to permit its use. Taylor v Smith, 140 Va. 217,
8
235. Thus, where the power to license exists so does he power to prohibit.
9
The authority to license implies the power to prohibit, such being the meaning of the term. The City of
10
Burllington v. Bumgardner, 42 Iowa 673, 674.
11
12 The power to license necessarily includes the power to inhibit unlicensed persons from doing the acts

13 authorized by license. The power to refuse license necessarily gives the power to limit the issuance of licenses.
Ex parte M.T. Dickey, 76 W. Va.576, 585; 85 SE 781.
14
15 A license means leave to do a thing which the licensor could prevent. Blatz Brewing Co. v. Collins, 160
16 P.2d 37, 39; 69 Cal. A. 2d 639.

17
Since the Motor Vehicles Departments, i.e., licensors, the Motor Vehicles Department(s) can issue or
18
refuse to issue a license and thereby permit or prohibit anyone from exercising the right or privilege they have
19 authority over.
20
A license carries limitations, restrictions and requirements. Whenever a license is issued the licensee is
21
under certain limitations and requirements established by the Motor Vehicles Department (licensor), which may be
22
implied or expressed when the license was issued. These limitations and requirements are often in the form of
23 rules and regulations and may be referred to as the “terms” of the license, which the licensee is subject to. The
24 following decision reveals these characteristics:

25
“Licensee,” as used in Pub. St. c. 100, in reference to certain licensees, and providing that no such
26
licensee shall place or maintain any screen, curtain, or other obstruction on the licensed premises, refers to every
27 licensee, and not merely such as have been required by the licensing board to remove a screen, curtain, or other

28 obstruction. Commonwealth v. Rourke, 6 N.E. 383, 384; 141Mass. 321.

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 1
Those that are licensed under the statute cited above are restricted in their ability to erect curtains,
2 screens, or other obstructions on their premises due to the terms of the license. It matters not where these terms

3 were directly stated to the licensee or stated in the rules and regulations that cover such licensed businesses, the
licensee still becomes subject to the terms of the license. There can be no argument that such terms are
4
unreasonable as the licensor is in authority to make any such rules.
5
6 If a city chooses to grant permission [a license] to individuals to conduct a taxicab business in its streets, it

7 can prescribe such terms and conditions as it may see fit, and individuals desiring to avail themselves of such
terms and conditions, whether they are reasonable or unreasonable. Eason v. Dowdy, 219 Ga. 555.
8
9 Also, any argument that such terms are in violation of one’s rights has no legal standing. When person(s)
10 takes a license, he in effect must waive any rights that would otherwise conflict with the terms of the license. The

11 licensor has the authority over the thing being licensed therefore his term must prevail over the rights of the
licensee and out of respect of the licensor’s right to control the thing or act. Thus, the rights of the licensee are
12
limited by the terms of the license.
13
14 The rights of a licensee can rise no higher than the terms of the statute or ordinance by which he became

15 the holder. Steves et al. v Robie, 139 Me. 359, 363.

16
The licensee must submit to the rules, limitations, and requirements the licensor sets out as the terms of
17 the license.

18
A license is revocable by the licensor. When a license exists, it is within the power of the Motor Vehicles
19
Department(s) (licensor) to revoke the license at any time this entity wishes.
20
21 Permits to carry on a liquor business issued under Liquor Control Act are mere licenses revocable as
provided in such act. State v. Hawlew, 44 N.E. 2d 815, 820.
22
23 A license, pure and simple, is a mere personal privilege, and it is revocable at law, at the pleasure of the
24 licensor, even when money has been paid for it. River Development Corp. v. Liberty Corp., 133 A. 2d 373, 385; 45

25 N.J. Super. 445.

26
A license is one to whom an owner of realty has granted a mere right of occupancy, and such license is
27 revocable at the option of the licensor. Caldwell v. Mitchell, 158 NYS 2d 868, 870.

28
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 1
The licensee cannot possibly revoke the license he is the holder of since he did not give himself the
2 permission or license in the first place. Only the licensor can revoke a license.

3
The terms and rules of a license are amendable. Restrictions, limitations, and requirements can be added,
4
deleting or modified at a future date and become new terms of the license. Here again only the licensor is able to
5 amend the terms and conditions of the license. Thus, when the licensor makes a requirement after the license is
6 issued, the licensee is subject to that requirement just as though it were an original condition of the license.

7
The foregoing characteristics of a license reveal the legal principles that potentially exist whenever
8
licensing takes place.
9
10 A license is often found under the law of contracts and apparently shares some attributes of contract.
However, in its truest sense, a license is not a contract and it has generally been so held.
11
12 A license is merely a privilege to do business and is not a contract between authority granting it and

13 grantee nor is it a property right, nor does it create a vested right. Mayo v. Market Fruit Co. of Sanford, Fla.,40 So.
2d 555, 559.
14
15 A license is merely a permit or privilege to do what otherwise would be unlawful, and is not a contract
16 between the authority, federal, state, or municipal granting it and the person to whom it is granted, and is not

17 property or a property right. American States Water Services Co. of California v Johnson, 88 P.2d 770, 774; 31
Cal. App. 2d 606.
18
19 A license requires that one of the parties have competent authority over the thing or the act
20 involved in the agreement whereas a contract does not. A license can be terminated by one of the parties
21 at any time but a contract cannot. These authorities also show that a license is not property right because
it is not in itself property. Neither is a license a vested right but only a privilege.
22
23 The streets and highways belong to the people:

24 The first issue that must be established is what is the nature of a public road or highway, and what are

25 the rights of the people thereon. All of your authorities agree that the use of roadways for ordinary travel

26 is a basic and fundamental right:

27
28
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 1 "Complete freedom of the highways is so old and well established a blessing that we have
2 forgotten the days of the Robber Barons and toll roads, and yet, under an act like this, arbitrarily
3 administered, the highways may be completely monopolized, if, through lack of interest, the
4 people submit, then they may look to see the most sacred of their liberties taken from them one
5 by one, by more or less rapid encroachment." -Robertson vs. Department of Public Works, 180
6 Wash 133,147
7
8 "Personal liberty largely consists of the Right of locomotion -- to go where and when one pleases -- only
9 so far restrained as the Rights of others may make it necessary for the welfare of all other citizens. The
10 Right of the Citizen to travel upon the public highways and to transport his property thereon, by
11 horsedrawn carriage, wagon, or automobile, is not a mere privilege which may be permitted or
12 prohibited at will, but the common Right which he has under his Right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of
13 happiness. Under this Constitutional guarantee one may, therefore, under normal conditions, travel at his
14 inclination along the public highways or in public places, and while conducting himself in an orderly
15 and decent manner, neither interfering with nor disturbing another's Rights, he will be protected, not
16 only in his person, but in his safe conduct." [emphasis added] American Jurisprudence 1st.
17 Constitutional Law, Sect.329, p 1135.
18
19 "The right of the citizen to travel upon the public highways and to transport his property thereon, either
20 by carriage or by automobile, is not a mere privilege which a city may prohibit or permit at will, but a
21 common law right which he has under the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." Thompson
22 v. Smith, 154 SE 579.
23
24 "The use of the highway for the purpose of travel and transportation is not a mere privilege, but a
25 common fundamental right of which the public and individuals cannot rightfully be deprived." Chicago
26 Motor Coach v. Chicago, 169 NE 221.
27
28
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 1 A highway is a way over which the public have a free right of passage. Yale University v. City
2 of New Haven, 104 Conn. 610; 134 Atl. 268, 271.
3
The essential features of a highway is that it is a way over which the public at large has he right
4
to pass. State v. Pierson, 2 Conn. Cir. 660; 204 A.2d 838.
5
6 This right of the people is in the street and highways of the state, whether inside or outside the
municipalities thereof, is a paramount right. Light & Coke v. City of Chicago, N.E.2d 777, 781; 413 Ill.
7
457 (1952).
8
9 It is well settled that the public are entitled to a free passage along the highway. Michelson v.

10 Dwyer, 63 N.W.2d 513, 517; 158 Neb. 427 (1954).

11 Our society is built in part upon free passage of men and goods, and the public streets and
12 highways may rightfully be used for travel by everyone. Hanson v. Hall, 202 Minn. 381, 383.
13
Public ways, as applied to ways by land, are usually termed “highways” or “public roads,” are
14
such ways as every citizen has a right to use. Kripp v. Curtis, 11 P. 879; 71 Cal. 62
15
16 A highway includes all public ways which the public generally has a right to use for passage and
traffic, and includes streets in cities, sidewalks, turnpikes and bridges. Central Ill. Coal Mining Co. v.
17
Illinois Power Co., 249 Ill. App.199.
18
19 Our courts has stressed he basic right of the transient public and abutting property owners to the

20 free passage of vehicles on public highways and the paramount function of travel as overriding all other
subordinate uses of our streets. State v. Perry, 269 Minn. 204, 206
21
22 A highway is a public road, which every citizen of the state has a right to use for the purpose of
23 travel. Shelby County Com’rs v. Castetter, 33 N.E. 986, 987, 7 Ind. App. 309; Spindler v. Toomey, 111
N.E/2d 715, 716 (Ind.-1963).
24
25 The public have a right of free and unobstructed transit over streets, sidewalks and alleys, and
26 this is the primary appropriate use to which they are generally dedicated. Pugh v. City, 176 Iowa 593,
27 599, 156 N.W. 892, 894.

28
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 1 It is well settled law that every member of the public has a right to use the public roads in a
2 reasonable manner for the promotion of his health and happiness. Sumner v. County v. Interurban
3 Transp. Co., 141 Tenn. 493 500.

4
A highway is a road or way upon which all persons have a right to travel at pleasure. It is the
5 right of all persons to travel upon a road. Gulf & S.I.R. Co. v Adkinson, 77 So. 954, 955; 117 Miss. 118.
6
HIGHWAY.-A free and public road, way, or street; one which every person has the right to use.
7
Black’s Law Dictionary, 2d Ed. (1910), p. 571
8
9 The right to travel over a street or highway is a primary absolute right of everyone. Foster’s Inc.

10 v. Boise City, 118 P.2d 721, 728

11 A right is a passage, road or street which every citizen has a right to use. Ohio, Indiana, & W. Ry.
12 Co. v. People, 39 Ill. App. 473.
13
Highways are public roads, which every citizen has a right to use. Wild v. Deig, 43 Ind. 455, 458;
14
13 Am. Rep. 399.
15
16 The courts of this land have repeatedly and consistently concurred on the fact that the people
have a right to travel on the public roads and highways of this country. But the nature of this right must
17
be determined. What type of right is it questioned here? It is only a statutory right or an inherent right?
18
The cases cited indicate that it is a fundamental, inalienable, inherent and constitutional right. Other
19 authorities verify this to be true:
20
It is settled that the streets of a city belong to the people of a state and the use thereof is an
21
inalienable right of every citizen of the state. Whyte v. City of Sacramento, 65 Cal. App. 534, 547, 224
22
Pac. 1008, 1013 (1924); Escobedo v. State Dept. of Motor Vehicles (1950), 222 Pac. 2d 1, 5, 35 Cal.2d
23 870 (1950).
24
The right of a citizen to travel upon the public highways and to transport his property thereon in
25
the ordinary course of life and business is a common right which he has under his right to enjoy life and
26 liberty, to acquire and possess property, and to pursue happiness and safety. Thompson v. Smith, 154
27 S.E. 579, 583 (Va.-1930).
28
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 1 This right of the people to the use of the public streets of a city is so well established and so
2 universally recognized in this country, that it has become a part of the alphabet of fundamental rights of
3 the citizen. Swift v. City of Topeka, 23 Pac. 1075,1076, 43 Kansas 671, 674.

4
The right of a citizen to use the highways, include the streets of the city or town, for travel and to
5 transport his goods, is an inherent right which cannot be taken from him. Florida Motor Lines v. Ward,
6 137 So. 163, 167. Also: State v. Quigg, 114 So. 859, 862 (Fla.-1927); Davis v. City of Houston, 264
7 S.W. 625, 629 (Tex. Civ. App., 1924).

8
The right to travel, to go from place to place as the means of transportation permit, is a natural
9 right subject to the rights of others and to reasonable regulation under law. Shactman v Dulles, 225 F.2d
10 938, 941 (1955)
11
The right of the citizen to travel upon the public highways and to transport his property thereon
12
either by carriage or by automobile, is not a mere privilege which a city may prohibit or permit at will,
13 but, a common right.@ See Thompson v Smith, 154 SE 579.
14
“All citizens of the United States of America have a right to pass and re-pass through every part of it
15
without interruption, as freely as in their own state.” See Smith v. Turner, 48 U.S. 283, 12 L Ed. 702.
16
17 Every citizen has an inalienable right to make use of the public highways of the state; every
citizen has full freedom to travel from place to place in the enjoyment of life and liberty. People v
18
Nothaus, 363 P.2d 180, 182 (Colo.-1961).
19
20 Definition of “Passenger: “One who is traveling, as in a public coach, or in a ship, or on foot.
21 This is the usual, through corrupt orthography.” See American Dictionary Of The English Language By
Noah Webster, 1828.
22
23 It is thus well established that the right to travel by an American/ citizen on the public roads is a
24 fundamental and constitutional right and, in fact, inalienable and natural right, one inherent in an

25 American/ citizen and secured by the Organic Law of the Land.

26 The Common Law Right to Travel

27
28
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 1 The concept that traveling upon the roads is a basis fundamental right of every citizen, i.e.,
2 American, in the land is not a new concept in law. The right of every person to freely travel on public
3 ways is well grounded in the ancient common law:

4
A highway according to the common law, is a place in which all the people have a right to pass.
5 A common street and public highway are the same, and any way which is common to all the people may
6 be called a highway. Skinner v. Town of Weathersfield, 63 A. 142, 143; 78 Vt. 410.
7
At common law every member of the public has a right to use, in a reasonable manner and with
8
due care, public roads, inclusive of public bridges. Shell Oil Co. v Jackson County , 193 S.W. 2d 268,
9 271 (Tex. Civ. App.-1946).
10
“In Oregon v. Mitchell, 400 U.S. 112, 27 L.Ed.2d 272, 92 S.Ct. 260, Brennan, joined by White
11
and Marshall stated that for more than a century, the Supreme Court has recognized the constitutional
12
right of all citizens to unhindered interstate travel and that both the existence of this right and its
13 fundamental importance in America has been long been established beyond question.” Also see Dunn v.
14 Blumstein, 405 U.S. 330, 31 Lawyer’s Edition 2nd 272, 92 S.Ct. 995, 56 Columbia L. Rev. 47.
15
“The rule is firmly established that the right of a citizen of one state to pass into any state of the
16
Union . . . without molestation [restriction] is secured and protected by the United States Constitution.”
17 See 16A Am Jur 2d 607 Page 550-6, Freedom to travel.
18
It has been held directly in a number of cases that at common law a driver of a vehicle has the
19
right to drive upon any part of the highway. Boyer v North End Drayage Co., 67 S.W.2d 769, 770 (Mo.
20 App.-1934).
21
The common law rule was that a public highway was a “way common and free to all the king’s
22
subjects to pass and repass at liberty,” and this court recognized that the “right to travel a highway
23
belongs to everybody in the state,. . .that a highway belongs to the public, and is free and common as a
24 way to every citizen on the land.” House-Wives League v. City of Indianapolis, 204 Ind. 685, 688-89.
25
In quoting from some old English law books on the common law, the Tennessee Chancery
26
Appeals Court stated the following:
27
28
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 1 Under the general law a public street is a public highway, and, if a highway, it is a “road which
2 every citizen has a right to use.” The right of the citizen to pass and repass on it is limited to no
3 particular part of it for, as said in the books, “the public are entitled not only to a free passage along the

4 highway, but to a free passage along any portion of it not in the actual use of some other traveler.” 1
Hawk. P.C. 22; Ang. & D. Highways, ' 226. *** Under the common law a public highway was “a way
5
common and free to all the king’s subjects to pass and repass at liberty.” State v. Stroud 52 S.W. 697,
6
698 (Tenn.-1899); Also see, 3 Kent, Comm. 432
7
The complete freedom and common right to travel on the highways is so old and well established
8
that it has never been questioned, until this century. The general recognition of this right is due to its
9
fundamental importance in our civilized society. It thus is a fundamental right that was secured by both
10 Federal and State constitutions.
11
There can be no denial of the general proposition hat every citizen of the United States, and
12
every citizen of each state of the Union, as an attribute of personal liberty, has the right ordinarily, of
13
free transit from, or through the territory of any State. This freedom of egress or ingress is guaranteed to
14 all by the clearest implications of the Federal, as well as of the State constitution. It has been said that
15 even in England, whence our system of jurisprudence was derived, the right to personal liberty did not
16 depend on any express statute, but “it was the birthright of every freeman.”-Cooley’s Const. Lim. 342.

17
This right was said by Sir William Blackstone to consist in “the power of locomotion, of
18 changing situation, or of moving one’s person to whatever place one’s inclination may direct, without
19 imprisonment or restraint, unless by due process of law.” 1 Bl. Comm. 134 Joseph v. Randolph, 71 Ala.
20 499, 504-505.

21
The use of roads for travel is a very ancient practice. The right to travel upon them has been
22 recognized since the early Roman Empire. This right to freely travel as an attribute of personal liberty
23 was so basic and fundamental in early America that it never became the subject matter of colonial
24 legislation. Not even under the tyranny of King George III was the right to travel suppressed. Liberty
was recognized and secured by all of the original state constitutions. When California became a state, its
25
citizens possessed this liberty and right to travel. The Constitution of California (1849 De jure) when
26
adopted secured this inalienable right to liberty, locomotion, or travel on the public ways.
27
28
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 1 Freedom of locomotion, although subject to proper restrictions, is included in the >liberty’
2 guaranteed by State Constitution. Commonwealth v. Doe, 167 A. 241, 242: 109 Pa. Super. 187.
3
The leading cases regarding the free exercise of the right of travel in general are:
4
5 Kent v. Dulles, 357 U.S. 116 (1958)

6
Aptheker v. Secretary of State, 378 U.S. 500 (1964)
7
8 Zemel v. Rusk, 381 U.S. 1 (1965)

9
United States v. Guest, 383 U.S. 745 (1966)
10
11 Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618 (1969)

12
Oregon v. Mitchell, 400 U.S. 112 (1970)
13
14 Graham v. Department of Pub. Welfare, 403 U.S. 365 (1971)

15
Automobiles and the Right to Travel.
16
17 This inalienable and constitutional right to travel on public roads includes the use of an
18 automobile as a means of conveyance. Since the invention of the automobile the courts of this land have

19 universally recognized the automobile not only as a lawful means of conveyance, but one that has equal
rights with other modes of travel using public ways:
20
21 The law does not denounce motor carriages, as such, on public ways.* * * they have an equal
22 right with other vehicles in common use to occupy the streets and roads.* * * It is improper to say that
the driver of the horse has rights in the roads superior to the driver of the automobile. Both have the
23
right to use the easement. Indiana Springs Co. v. Brown, 165 Ind. 465, 468.
24
25 The right to make use of an automobile as a vehicle of travel long the highways of the state, is no
26 longer an open question. The owners thereof have the same rights in the roads and streets as the drivers
of horses or those riding a bicycle or traveling in some other vehicle. House v. Cramer, 112 N.W. 3; 134
27
Iowa 374; Farnsworth v. Tampa Electric Co. 57 So. 233, 237, 62 Fla. 166.
28
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 1 Automobiles have the right to use the highways of the State on an equal footing with other
2 vehicles. Cumberland Telephone. & Telegraph Co. v Yeiser, 141 Ky. 15.
3
Each citizen has the absolute right to choose for himself the mode of conveyance he desires,
4
whether it be by wagon or carriage, by horse, motor or electric car, or by bicycle, or astride of a horse,
5 subject to the sole condition that he will observe all those requirements that are known as the law of the
6 road. Swift v City of Topeka, 43 Kansas 671, 674.
7
A farmer has the same right to the use of the highways of the state, whether on foot or in a motor
8
vehicle, as any other citizen. Draffin v. Massey, 92 S.E.2d 38, 42.
9
10 There can be no question of the right of automobile owners to occupy and use the public streets
of cities, or highways in the rural districts. Liebrecht v. Crandall, 126 N.W. 69, 110 Minn. 454, 456.
11
12 The automobile may be used with safety to others users of the highway, and in its proper use
13 upon the highways there is an equal right with the users of other vehicles properly upon the highways.

14 The law recognizes such right of use upon general principles. Brinkman v Pacholike, 84 N.E. 762, 764,
41 Ind. App. 662, 666.
15
16 Automotive vehicles are lawful means of conveyance and have equal rights upon the streets with
17 horses and carriages. Chicago Coach Co. v. City of Chicago, 337 Ill. 200, 205; See also: Christy v.
Elliot, 216 Ill. 31; Ward v. Meredith, 202 Ill. 66; Shinkle v. McCullough, 116 Ky. 960; Butler v. Cabe,
18
116 Ark. 26, 28-29.
19
20 Though, as we have said, automobiles are lawful vehicles and have equal rights on the highways
21 with horses and carriages. Daily v. Maxwell, 133 S.W. 351, 354. Matson v. Dawson, 178 N.W. 2d 588,
591.
22
23 A traveler has an equal right to employ an automobile as a means of transportation and to occupy
24 the public highways with other vehicles in common use. Campbell v. Walker, 78 Atl. 601, 603, 2 Boyce

25 (Del.) 41.

26 There is no distinction made by these authorities (and many others) in the mode of travel a
27 citizen chooses to use on a public way. A citizen has the same inalienable right to travel on a public road
28 by use of an automobile as another citizen does traveling on foot or bicycle thereon:
Page 25 of 30
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 1 A highway is a public way open and free to any one who has occasion to pass along it on foot or
2 with any kind of vehicle. Schlesinger v. City of Atlanta, 129 S.E. 861, 867, 161 Ga. 148, 159; Holland v.
3 Shackelford, 137 S.E. 2d 298, 304, 220 Ga. 104; Stavola v. Palmer, 73 A.2d 831, 838, 136 Conn. 670

4
Persons may lawfully ride in automobiles, as they may lawfully ride on bicycles. Doherty v.
5 Ayer, 83 N.E. 677, 197 Mass. 241, 246; Molway v. City of Chicago, 88 N.E. 485, 486, 239 Ill. 486;
6 Smiley v. East St. Louis Ry. Co., 100 N.E. 157, 158.
7
The owner of an automobile has the same right as the owner of other vehicles to use the
8
highway,* * * A traveler on foot has the same right to the use of the public highways as an automobile or
9 any other vehicle. Simeone v. Lindsay, 65 Atl. 778, 779; Hannigan v. Wright, 63 Atl. 234, 236.
10
A traveler on foot has the same right to use of the public highway as an automobile or any other
11
vehicle. Cecchi v. Lindsay, 75 Atl. 376, 377, 1 Boyce (Del.) 185.
12
13 To further qualify the right to travel on the public roads by way of an automobile, several courts

14 have made the obvious connection between its use and that of a constitutional liberty or as an individual
right. This could only be the natural conclusion: If traveling per se is an inalienable and constitutional
15
right, and if the automobiles has “equal rights” with the older forms of travel such as on foot or
16
horseback, the logical deduction here is that traveling by way of an automobile on a public way is a
17 constitutional, inalienable, and fundamental right:
18
The use of the automobile as a necessary adjunct to the earning of a livelihood in modern life
19
requires us in the interest of realism to conclude that the right to use an automobile on the public
20 highways partakes of the nature of a liberty within the meaning of the constitutional guarantees of which
21 the citizen not be deprived without due process of law. Berberian v. Lussier, 139 A.2d 869, 872; 87 R.I.
22 226, 231 (1958). See also: Schecter v. Killingsworth, 380 P.2d 136, 140; 93 Ariz. 273 (1963).

23
The right to operate a motor vehicle [an automobile] upon the public streets and highways is not
24 a mere privilege. It is a right of liberty, the enjoyment of which is protected by the guarantees of the
25 federal and state constitutions. Adams v. City of Pocatello, 416 P.2d 46, 48; 91 Idaho 99 (1966).
26
The right of a citizen to travel upon the public highways* * *includes the right in so doing to use
27
the ordinary and usual conveyances of the day; and under the existing modes of travel includes the right
28 to drive a horse-drawn carriage or wagon thereon, or to operate an automobile thereon, for the usual and
Page 26 of 30
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 1 ordinary purposes of life and business.* * *The rights aforesaid, being fundamental, are constitutional
2 rights. Teche Lines v. Danforth, 12 So.2d 784, 787 (Miss.-1943). See also Thompson v. Smith, supra.
3
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by
4
their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of
5 Happiness-That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just
6 powers from the consent of the governed... The Declaration of Independence-1776.
7
The office and purpose of the constitution is to shape and fix the limits of government activity. It
8
thus proclaims, safeguards and preserves in basic form the pre-existing laws, rights, mores, habits and
9 modes of thought and life of the people as developed under the common law and as existing at the time
10 of its adoption to the extent and as therein stated. Dean v. Paolicelli, 72 S.E. 2d 506, 510; 194 Va. 219
11 (1952).

12
Hence, it may be said with great propriety, that a constitution “measures the powers of the rules,
13 but it does not measure the rights of the governed;” that is not the origin of rights, nor the fountain of
14 law-but it is the “framework of the political government, and necessarily based upon the pre-existing
15 condition of laws, rights, habits, modes of thought.” Cooley Con. Lim., 37 Atchison & Nebraska R.R.
Co. v. Baty, 6 Neb. 37, 41.
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17 The rights of the individual are not derived from governmental agencies, either municipal, state,
18 or federal, or even from the Constitution. They exist inherently in every man, by endowment of the

19 Creator, and are merely reaffirmed in the Constitution, and restricted only to the extent that they have
been voluntarily surrendered by the citizenship to the agencies of government. The people’s rights are
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not derived from the government, but the government’s authority comes from the people. The
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Constitution but states again these rights already existing, and when legislative encroachment by the
22 nation, state, or municipality invade these original and preserved rights, it is the duty of the courts to so
23 declare, and to afford the necessary relief. City of Dallas et al. v. Mitchell, 245 S.W. 944, 945-46 (Tex-
24 1922).

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There is nothing primitive about a State Constitution. It is based upon the pre-existing laws,
26 rights habits, and modes of thought of the people who ordained it, * * *and must be construed in the
27 light of this fact. Commonwealth v City of Newport News, 164 S.E. 689, 696 (1932).

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 1 The purpose and intent of a written constitution is to preserve the ancient rights held at common
2 law, and constitutional provisions are to be so interpreted (See, American Jurisprudence, 2nd Ed., Vol.
3 16, ' 321). It thus becomes plain that all rights that the people inherently possessed when Connecticut

4 was a Colony, were secured by the Constitution of Pennsylvania when adopted. That the right to freely
travel, by what ever means available, on public ways had existed at that time cannot be doubted. The
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people who adopted the Constitution certainly did not “surrender” their liberty to freely travel by
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becoming citizens and/or residents of Connecticut. In fact they made sure that the Constitution would
7 “secure the same to ourselves and our posterity.” This is the main reason why the Constitution was
8 “ordained and established” (I bid).
9
This principle, along with the broad meaning of “liberty,” were evidently not understood by the
10 trial court. Defendant would have prohibiting the State from restricting his right to travel via licensing.
11 Thus, the trial court believes that if a right is not exactly spelled out in the Constitution (such as the right
12 to travel), then it constitutionally does not exist. It has been held by a sister State, Minnesota Supreme

13 Court that citizens possess such rights whether they are enumerated in a constitution or not:

14 The rights, privileges, and immunities of citizens exist notwithstanding there is no specific
15 enumeration thereof in state constitutions. These instruments measure the powers of rulers, but they do
16 not measure the rights of the governed.* * *The constitution of Minnesota specifically recognizes the
right to “life, liberty or property,” but does not attempt to enumerate all “the rights or privileges secured
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to any citizen thereof” It, however, significantly provides: “The enumeration of rights in this constitution
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shall not be construed to deny or impair others retained by and inherent in the people.” Thiede v. Town
19 of Scandia Valley, 217 Minn. 218, 225; 14 N.W. 2d 400 (1944).
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It should be quite obvious from the forgoing authorities that a Citizen does have an inalienable
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and Constitutional right to travel on the public highways, which includes the use of an automobile as a
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means of conveyance. This means the State Legislature cannot impair or suspend this Constitutional
23 right or prohibit me from exercising it.
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We realize that the police is elastic to meet changing conditions and changing needs, yet it cannot
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be used to abrogate or limit personal liberty or property rights contrary to constitutional sanction. City of
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Cincinnati v. Correll, 49 N.E. 2d 412, 414; 141 Ohio St. 535.
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 1 By the expression “constitutional right,” as just used, we mean a right guaranteed to the citizen
2 by the Constitution and so guaranteed as to prevent legislative interference with that right. Delaney v.
3 Plunkett, 91 S.E. 561; 146 Ga. 547.

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The Undersigned now brings to light in what manner can a license be used when controlling the
5 acts of individuals that are regarded as “natural rights,” or in exercising “constitutional rights.”
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8 Respectfully __________________________
9 Rik Wayne Munson

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11 Notary Statement
12 State of California )
13 ) SS
14 County of Napa )
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16 Before me, the undersigned authority, on this day personally appeared

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_______________________________________________________________
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(Affiant Signature)
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Known to me or proved to be the person whose name is subscribed to in the foregoing instrument and
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acknowledged to me that he/she executed the same for the purposes and consideration therein expressed.
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23 Affiant is: ___ Personally known to me, or

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___ Has produced Identification. ID# _____________________________________
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I certify under penalty of Perjury under the laws of the United States of America that the foregoing is
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true and correct.
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2 Given under my hand and seal and executed this ________ day of ________________ , 2003.

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5 ____________________________________

6 (Seal) Notary Public for the State of California

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10 My commission expires ________________________________
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