Mindanao Sanitarium and Hospital College Department of Nursing

ASSIGNMENT IN PROFESSIONAL ADJUSTMENT

Submitted by: Cristina L. Jayson BSN 4B

Submitted to: MERLIN M. ESPINOSA, DM, MAN, RN

1. Definition of Terms

Professional A professional is a person who is engaged in a certain activity, or occupation, for gain or compensation as means of livelihood; such as a permanent career, not as an amateur or pastime.

Jurisprudence The science of law. It embraces: o o o o All laws enacted by the legislative body. All regulations promulgated by those in authority. Court decisions. Formal principles upon which laws are based.

Professional Adjustment The preparation of a student nurse for the responsibilities of professional and social life, by the development of her capacities in a way that would make her fit to enter upon the practice of nursing. Being a nurse means more than just doing a good job; it means involving one's self in the pressing health problems of the community; it means listening, understanding, communicating, and working with others whose lifestyles, beliefs, morals, values and culture may differ from those of the nurse.

Bioethics From the Greek word bios meaning ethics of life Relates with the study of the morality of human conduct concerning human life in all its aspects from conception to its natural end. Specific domain of ethics that focuses on moral issues in the field of health care Result of life and death dilemmas faced by health care practitioners

Nursing Ethics

Is related to the principles of right conduct as they apply to the profession. It reinforces the nurses ideals and motives in order to minimize the affectivity of their service. Embodies the principles of right conduct applied in nursing profession.

Normative Ethics It deals with the issue of the norms of morality It establishes norms or standards for the direction and regulation of human actions.

Health Ethics Divison of ethics that relates to human health. Realm of human values, morals, customs, personal beliefs and faith

Ethics This term is derived from the Greek word ethos or ethikos which means moral duty. It deals with moral behaviour on how one should act. Refers to well based standards of right and wrong that prescribe what human ought to do, in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness or specific virtues. It refers to the study and development of ones ethical standard. Ethics as a discipline is the study of human action or conduct from a moral perspective as to whether the act is good or bad. Ethics is a requirement for human life. It is our means of deciding a course of action.

2. Basic Ethical Principles Stewardship Refers to the expression of ones responsibility to take care, nature, and cultivate what has been entrusted to him. Is the practical recognition that man is not the absolute master of himself or his possession. He has received every gift and grace from God. He must use

them in responsible manner to promote the interest of God and to establish his kingdom in the heart of men. Is the execution of responsibility of the health care practitioner to look after provide necessary health services and promote health and life of those entrusted to their care

Totality Principle of Totality upholds the unity of the whole because the whole is greater than of its part. The whole implies the existence of its parts. The existence of the parts indicates the existence of the whole. Parts should continuously being connected with the whole of which they are parts without which they cease to be. If a part becomes problematic, it affects the whole. So, it has to be treated in order to restore its mode of existence as a part or lower function harms the whole, this part may be sacrificed for the good or better function of the whole.

Double Effect An act has both good and bad effect. A good act may have several good effects and is worthy of being performed or even adding/increasing its goodness An evil act may also have several bad effects and is worthy of being chosen.

Cooperation Comes from a Latin word cum which means with, and operari which means to work. Cooperation is working with another in the performance of an action. Is the participation of one agent with another to produce joint effect Cooperation becomes a problem when the action of the primary agent is morally wrong

Solidarity Means to be one with others.

In the provision of healthcare, it is most important for the provider to be in solidarity with the patient when seeking, always, the latters best interest.

3. Major Bioethical Principles

Autonomy (self governance or right of non-interference) Comes from the Greek word autos meaning self and nomos meaning governance. It involves self determination and freedom to choose and implement ones decision, free from deceit, constraint or coercion. The right of patients to participate in and finally decides questions involving their care. A person should be allowed to determine his own destiny, to deliberate about his plans, choose according to his own values, and to act accordingly.

Beneficence It means to do good. The principle that imposes upon the practitioner to seek good either oneself or others. It promotes doing acts of kindness and mercy that directly benefit the patient.

Nonmaleficence Means to do no, to prevent, to remove or not to risk harm. The principle of nonmaleficence provides that evil or harm should not be inflicted either to oneself or to others. This fundamental moral principle binds and urges everyone to avoid inflicting harm as moral obligation.

Justice Refers to the right to demand to be treated justly, fairly, equally Basically means the rendering of what is due or merited.

To give each one what he deserves. Justice also means to treat equals equally.

Veracity In this basic meaning is truthfulness. The practice of healthcare is best served in a relationship of trust where practitioners and patient are bound to the truth. The patient has the responsibility to provide accurate and complete information about his complaints, past illness, previous hospitalization, medication taken, allergies and often matters relevant to his health.

Confidentiality States that it is the nurse responsibility to safeguard the clients right to privacy, by protecting information of a confidential nature. Nurses should safeguard clients privacy.

Fidelity Is the obligation to act in good faith and keep vows and promises, fulfil arrangements, maintain relationships and fiduciary responsibility.

Fiduciary Responsibility Refers to the contract of relationship we enter into with the patient. The model of facility is: keeping ones word of honor, loyalty to commitments and oaths and reliability.

4. Virtues of Healthcare Provider Fidelity is faithfulness. In the relationship of trust every patient must know that his healthcare giver will keep his promises and keep the patients best interest first in his mind. Honesty is truthfulness. It is telling the patient, the family, the colleague, and society the truth about illness, its nature, prognosis, effectiveness of care, and research findings. Integrity means wholeness, soundness, reliability and integration of moral character. It is acting in the same way one says he should act. A healthcare provider who tells his patient that smoking is bad should himself not smoke.

Humility is recognizing the ones capabilities and limitations. It is doing ones best and asking for help as needed. It is accepting deserved praise generously and denying undeserved praise. It is recognizing that the patient knows what is best for him. Respect means paying attention to others. It is listening attentively to a patients complaints, or a colleagues opinion. Compassion is loving kindness, a feeling for those who suffer. It is self sacrifice voluntarily given for the benefit of another, or given with no hope of return, gain, recognition, or payment but given because the others needs are greater. Prudence is foresight. A habitual deliberateness, caution and circumspection in action. It is to look before you leap or to consider different options may affect others before making a decision. Courage is doing what one sees is right without undue fear, or standing up against what one sees as wrong even if it means standing up alone.

5. Moral Issues of Patients Right 6. Consent The first element of a contact which should be intelligently, freely and spontaneously given with an exact idea of what it refers to by contracting parties.

7. Confidentiality 8. Laws Affecting Nursing Practice in the Philippines Act No. 2439 - promulgated to amend Medical law, Act no. 310 to regulate the practice of Nursing. It only provided for the nursing registration but not about its education, practice, utilization and development. Act No. 2808 - enacted to create the Board of Examiners for Nurse. Reorganization Law of 1932 supervision of the Board of Examiners for Nurses was transferred to the Department of Public Instruction. Republic Act 546 enacted to place Board of Examiners under the President. Republic Act 877 otherwise known as Philippine Nursing Law was enacted where the Board was given additional powers and duties.

Republic Act 4704 increased the number of Board members and upgraded educational qualifications to Masters Degree in Nursing and an age limit of 65. Republic Act 6136 nurses are now allowed to administer intravenous and other injections with the direction and presence of a physician. Republic Act 1612 Privilege tax shall be paid before any business or occupation can be lawfully begun. Republic Act 7392 known as the Midwifery Law. Nurses should take the board exam for midwives upon fulfilment of some certain requirements. However, the Implementing Rules and Regulations of R.A. 7164 states that performing internal examination and delivery of babies are within the functions of nurses. Republic Act 7164 otherwise known as Philippine Nursing Act of 1991 was enacted to remove the age limit of the Board members as long as he or she has practiced his/her profession continuously for ten (10) years prior to his/her appointment Republic Act 9173 known as Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 is an Act Providing For A More Responsive Nursing Profession, Repealing For the Purpose Republic Act No. 7164 Otherwise known as the Philippine Nursing Act of 1991) and for Other Purposes. In 2002, in order to meet the needs of time, congress deemed it necessary to amend the relatively new Philippine Nursing Law of 1991 by enacting R.A. 9173 of the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002. It is made up of 19 articles and 41 sections, salient changes include the following: (1) as to Organization of the Board of Nursing (BON) membership of the BON is increased from 5 to 7 members; (2) as to Nursing Education, the discriminatory provision under the Philippine Nursing Act of 1991 that applicants desiring to enrol in a nursing course must belong to the upper forty percent of the graduating class of the general secondary course, as certified by the school is deleted, and (3) as to Nursing Practice, nurses are now recognized as independent health practitioners with specified duties.

Other laws that affect nurses: Republic Act 2382 Philippine Medical Act defines the practice of Medicine Republic Act 5181 this law prescribes the permanent residence and reciprocity as qualifications for any examination or practice of any profession. Republic Act 6425 Dangerous Drugs Act

Act No. 3573 all communicable diseases shall be reported to the nearest health station. Republic Act 1082 creation of rural health units Republic Act 4073 liberalizes the treatment of leprosy. Republic Act 9262 Anti Violence Against Women and their Children Act of 2004 Republic Act 7817 Anti Sexual Harassment Act of 1995 Republic Act 6675 The Generics Act of 1988 Republic Act 8981 The PRC Modernization Act of 2000

9. Executive Orders Executive order no. 220 Directing the Adoption of the code of Good Governance in the Philippines

10. 11. 12. Ched Memorandum Order Presidential Decree Wills and Testament

What is a will? A will is an act whereby a person is permitted, with the formalities prescribed by the law, to control to a certain degree of disposition of his estate, to take effect after his death (Art. 378 Civil Code [C.C]). A Will or testament is a legal declaration by which a person, the testator, names one or more persons to manage his/her estate and provides for the distribution of his property at death. For the devolution of property not disposed of by Will, see inheritance and intestacy. In the strictest sense, a "Will" has historically been limited to real property while "testament" applies only to dispositions of personal property (thus giving rise to the popular title of the document as "Last Will and Testament"), though this distinction is seldom observed today. A will may also create a testamentary trust that is effective only after the death of the testator. Cases:

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Leah Alesna Reyes Vs. Sisters of Mercy Somera's Case Leonila Garcia Rueda Vs. Wilfredo Pascasio Professional Services Vs. Nativida Agana