ISO/TC 213 N

159

Date: 1997-09-18

ISO/CD 1302 (E)

ISO/TC 213/WG 8 Secretariat: Danish Standard Association

Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Indication of surface texture

WARNING This document is not an ISO standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard.

ISO 1997 - All rights reserved

Document type: Document subtype: Document stage: Document language:

International Standard Not applicable (20) Preparatory E

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Contents
Page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Graphical symbols for the indication of surface texture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Indication of surface texture requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Interpretation of indications of surface texture requirements and their values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Indication on drawings and other technical product documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Annexes A Proportions and dimensions of graphical symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B Synoptic tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D Necessary indications in order to ensure unambiguous control of surface functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E Exhaustive explanation on consequences of the new ISO surface texture standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F Relation to the GPS matrix model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copyright notice This ISO document is a working draft and is copyright protected by ISO. While the reproduction of working drafts or committee drafts in any form for use by participants in the ISO standards development process is permitted without prior permission from ISO, neither this document nor any extract from it may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form for any other purpose without written permission from ISO. Requests for permission to reproduce this document for the purpose of selling it should be addressed as shown below or to ISO's member body in the country of the requester: Secretariat of ISO/TC 10/SC 1 Norsk Teknologistandardisering Oscars gate 20, Postboks 7072, N-0306 Oslo, Norway Att.: Mr. Jan F. Ulvs Tel. +47 22 59 67 30 FAX +47 22 59 67 33 e-mail: jan.ulvaas@nts.no Secretariat of ISO/TC 213 Danish Standards Association Kollegievej 6, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark Att.: Mr. Hans Henrik Kster Tel. +45 39 96 61 01 Fax +45 39 96 61 02 e-mail: hhk@ds.dk

21 23 26 29 32 34 35

Reproduction for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement. Violators may be prosecuted.

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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental or non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote ISO 1302 was prepared jointly by the Technical Committee ISO/TC 10 Technical drawings, product definition and related documentation, SC 1 Basic conventions and ISO/TC 213, Dimensional and geometrical product specifications and verification. This International standard cancels and replaces ISO 1302:1994 of which it constitutes a technical revision. Annex A forms an integral part of this International Standard. Annexes B, C, D, E, F and G are for information only.

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Introduction
This International Standard is a geometrical product specification (GPS) standard and is to be regarded as a general GPS standard (see ISO/TR 14638). It influences link 1 of the chain of standards on roughness profile, waviness profile and primary profile. For more detailed information of the relation of this standard to other standards and the GPS matrix model see annex F. [TO BE FINALIZED]

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Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Indication of surface texture

Scope

This International Standard specifies the rules for the indication of surface texture in technical product documentation (e.g. drawings, specifications, contracts, reports) by means of graphical symbols and textual indications. It facilitates the possibilities of expressing requirements for surfaces by means of: profile parameters related to the R-profile (roughness parameters), the W-profile (waviness parameters) and the P-profile (structural parameters) according to ISO 4287; motif parameters (roughness motif and waviness motif) according to ISO 12085; parameters related to the material ratio curve according to ISO 13565-2 and ISO 13565-3.

For the indication of requirements for surface imperfections (pores, scratches etc.), which cannot be specified using surface texture parameters, reference is made to ISO 8785 which covers surface imperfections. This International Standard does not provide rules for the choice of surface texture parameters or values of surface texture parameters.

Normative references

The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 129:1985, Technical drawings Dimensioning General principles, definitions, methods of execution and special indications1 ISO 1456:1988, Electrodeposited coatings of nickel plus chromium and of copper plus nickel plus chromium ISO 3274:1996, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Nominal characteristics of contact stylus instruments ISO 3461-2:1987, General principles for the creation of graphical symbols Part 2: Graphical symbols for use in technical product documentation ISO 4287:1997, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters

Under revision

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ISO 4288:1996, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Rules and the procedures for the assessment of surface texture ISO 8785:, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Surface imperfections Terms, definitions and parameters2 ISO 1101:1983, Technical drawings - Geometrical tolerancing - Tolerancing of form, orientation, location and run-out - Generalities, definitions, symbols, indications on drawings3 ISO 10135:1994, Technical drawings - Simplified representation of moulded, cast and forged parts3 ISO 10209-1:1992, Technical product documentation Vocabulary Part 1: Terms relating to technical drawings: general and types of drawings ISO 11562:1996, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Metrological characteristics of phase correct filters ISO 12085:1996, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Motif parameters ISO 13565-1:1996, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaces having stratified functional properties Part 1: Filtering and general measurement conditions ISO 13565-2:1996, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaces having stratified functional properties Part 2: Height Characterization using the linear material ratio curve ISO 13565-3:, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaces having stratified functional properties Part 3: Height Characterization using the material probability curve2 ISO 14253-1:, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Inspection by measurement of workpieces and measuring equipment Part 1: Decision rules for proving conformance or non-conformance with specification2 ISO 14660-1:, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Geometric features Part 1: General terms and definitions2

Definitions

For the purpose of this International Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3274, ISO 4287, ISO 4288, ISO 10209-1, ISO 11562, ISO 14660-1 and the following apply. 3.1 fundamental graphical symbol (for surface texture) graphical symbol indicating that a requirement for surface texture exists NOTE - See figure 1.

Under preparation Under revision

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3.2 basic graphical symbol (for surface texture) expanded basic graphical symbol indicating that material is to be either removed or not removed in order to obtain the specific surface texture NOTE - See figures 2 and 3. 3.3 complete graphical symbol (for surface texture) fundamental or basic graphical symbol expanded in order to facilitate the addition of complementary surface texture requirements 3.4 surface (texture) parameter parameter expressing a micro geometrical property of a surface 3.5 (surface) parameter symbol symbol indicating the type of surface texture parameter NOTE - The parameter symbols are consisting of letters and numerical values e.g.: Ra, Ramax, Wz, Wz1max, AR, Rpk, Rpq, etc.

Graphical symbols for the indication of surface texture

Requirements for surface texture are indicated on technical drawings by several variants of graphical symbols each having their significant meaning. These graphical symbols shall usually be supplemented with complementary surface texture requirements in the form of numerical values and text (see 5), but it shall be recognized that the graphical symbols used alone in some instances can have a special meaning on the technical drawing (see 7). 4.1 Fundamental graphical symbols for surface texture

The fundamental graphical symbols consist of two straight lines of unequal length inclined at approximately 60E to the line representing the considered surface, as shown in figure 1. The fundamental graphical symbol on figure 1 used alone (without complementary information) are not a requirement.

Figure 1: Fundamental graphical symbol for surface texture If the fundamental graphical symbol is used with complementary supplementing information (see 5), then no decision is taken as to whether removal of material is necessary for obtaining the specified surface (see 4.2), or whether it is not allowed to remove material for obtaining the specified surface (see 4.3). 4.2 Basic graphical symbol for removal of material

If removal of material by machining is required for obtaining the specified surface, a bar shall be added to the fundamental graphical symbol, as shown i figure 2. The basic graphical symbol on figure 2 used alone (without complementary information) are not a requirement.

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Figure 2: Basic graphical symbol indicating that removal of material is required 4.3 Basic graphical symbol when removal of material is not permitted

If removal of material is not permitted for obtaining the specified surface, a circle shall be added to the fundamental graphical symbol, as shown in figure 3. For special use of this basic graphical symbol see 6.

Figure 3: Basic graphical symbol when removal of material is not permitted 4.4 Complete graphical symbol

When complementary requirements for surface texture characteristics have to be indicated (see clause 5), a line is added to the longer arm of any of the graphical symbols illustrated in figures 1 to 3, as shown in figure 4.

a) any manufacturing process permitted; b) material shall be removed; c) removal of material not permitted

Figure 4: Complete graphical symbol 4.5 Graphical symbol for "all surfaces around a workpiece outline"

When the same surface texture is required on all surfaces around a workpiece (integral features), represented on the drawing by a closed outline of the workpiece, a circle is added to the complete graphical symbol illustrated in figure 4, as shown in figure 5.

NOTE: The outline on the drawing represent the six surfaces shown on the 3D-representation of the workpiece

Figure 5: Example of a surface texture requirement applying to all (six) surfaces represented by the outline on the drawing

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4.6

Graphical symbolization for surface texture requirement for any surface

When the same surface texture is required on any surface of a workpiece (integral features) on a technical drawing, a circle is added to the complete graphical symbol illustrated in figure 4, and the symbol shall be placed near the title block of the drawing, as shown in figure 6.

Figure 6: Surface texture requirement applies to any surface of the workpiece

Indication of surface texture requirements

In order to ensure unambiguity of a surface texture requirement in relation to the function of the particular surface, it is always necessary, in addition to the indication of both a surface texture parameter and the requirement(s) for its numerical value, to indicate other requirement e.g. filter window or sampling length, manufacturing process, surface lay and its orientation and a possible machining allowances. It may be necessary to set up requirements for several different surface texture parameters in order that the surface requirements ensure unambiguous functional properties of the surface. 5.1 Position of complementary surface texture requirements in the complete graphical symbol

The positions of the various surface texture requirements in the complete graphical symbol are shown in figure 7 and will be detailed in the following. The use of position "x" is no longer endorsed. Only use positions "a" through "e".

Figure 7: Positions (a - e) for the location of complementary requirements - position x is former practice and is no longer endorsed 5.1.1 Surface texture parameter, numerical value and filter window/sampling length Surface texture parameters, numerical values and filter window/sampling length can be located at different positions in the complete graphical symbol with the same meaning: 5.1.1.1 One single surface texture requirement

If only one single surface texture requirement, consisting of the surface texture parameter, the numerical value and the filter window/sampling length, is to be indicated in the complete graphical symbol, it shall be located in the complete graphical symbol in position "a" (figure 7): Filter window or sampling length followed by an oblique stroke, /, followed by the surface texture parameter denomination followed by its numerical value located at position "a" (see figure 7) using one text string, e.g. 0,0025-0,8 / Rz 6,8 (see 5.2 and 5.3).

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Indication of surface texture requirement on the "x" position and filter on the "a" position (as given in former editions of ISO 1302 shall be avoided on new drawings and a surface texture requirement shall always include both the parameter denomination and the related numerical value of the specification limit. Previously, it was common practice that at position "x" it was adequate to indicate only the numerical value of the specification limit, implying that this was a specification limit of the Ra parameter. 5.1.1.2 Two or more surface texture requirements

If one complete graphical symbol is used to indicate two or more surface texture requirements, it shall be indicated as follows: The first surface texture requirement is located at position a (as stated in 5.1.1.1). The second surface texture requirement shall be located at position b. If a third or more requirements are to be indicated, the graphical symbol is enlarged accordingly in the vertical direction, to make room for more lines. The position a and b is moving upwards, when the symbol is enlarged (see 5.2 and 5.3). Indication of surface texture requirement on the "x" position and filter on the a position (as given in former editions of ISO 1302 shall be avoided on new drawings. 5.1.2 Manufacturing method The manufacturing method, treatment, coatings or other requirements for the manufacturing process etc. to produce the surface, e.g. turned, ground, plated, etc. shall be located at position "c" (see figure 7), see also 5.5. 5.1.3 Surface lay and orientation The symbol of the required surface lay and the orientation, if any, of the surface lay, e.g. "=", "X", "M", etc. are located at position "d" (see figure 7), see also 5.6. 5.1.4 Machining allowance The required machining allowance is indicated as a numerical value using the unit mm at position "e" (see figure 7), see also 5.7 and ISO 10135. 5.2 Indication of profile type, parameter type and requirements for parameter values

The parameter denomination and the associated numerical value include four items of information which are essential for the interpretation of the requirement: Which of the three surface profiles (R, W or P) is indicated Which characteristic of the profile is indicated (see 5.2.1) How many sampling lengths make up the evaluation length (if relevant, see 5.2.2) How the indicated specification limit shall be interpreted (see 5.2.3).

The indication of a surface texture requirement shall therefore include both the parameter denomination and the numerical value of the specification limit. 5.2.1 Indication of profile and parameter types Three principal groups of surface texture parameters have been standardized for use in connection with the complete symbol. The definitions of the parameters can be found in ISO 4287, ISO 12085, ISO 13565-2 and ISO 13565-3 respectively. Their parameter denominations are presented in tabular form below.

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NOTE - If the parameter denominations are used as indicated in this clause 5.2.1, it means that the default definition or the default interpretation of the specification limit ("16%-rule") is required. See 5.2.3 for indication of the "max-rule" for the interpretation of the specification limit. 5.2.1.1 Profile parameters (ISO 4287)

Table 1 indicates the parameter denominations of the surface parameters defined in ISO 4287. The profile parameters in ISO 4287 are defined for three surface profiles (R-, W- and P -profiles). Profile parameters are defined with Gauss filtering according to ISO 11562. Table 1: Denomination of profile parameters according to ISO 4287
Amplitude parameter top - valley R-profile parameters Rp Rv Rz Roughness parameters W-profile parameters Waviness parameters P-profile parameters Structure parameters Rc Rt mean value Ra Rq Rsk Rku Distance parameters RSm WSm PSm Hybrid parameters R)q W)q P)q Curves and related parameters

Rmr(c)

R*c

Rmr Wmr Pmr

Wp Wv Wz Wc Wt Wa Wq Wsk Wku Pp Pv Pz Pc Pt Pa Pq Psk Pku

Wmr(c) W*c Pmr(c) P*c

5.2.1.2

Motif parameters (ISO 12085)

Table 2 indicates the parameter denominations of the surface parameters defined in ISO 12085. The parameters in ISO 12085 are only defined for the R- and W-profiles. NOTE - Attention is drawn to the fact that the R- and W-profiles in ISO 12085 are defined by means of another filtering method (motifs) than the one used for other parameter systems defined in ISO 4287, ISO 13565-2 and ISO 13565-3. Table 2: Motif parameter denominations according to ISO 12085 Parameters Roughness profile Roughness motif parameters Waviness profile Waviness motif parameters 5.2.1.3 R W Rx Wx AR AW Wte

Parameters based on the material ratio curve - (ISO 13565-2, ISO 13565-3 and ISO 12085)

Two different parameter systems are associated with the material ratio curve. Table 3 indicates the parameter denominations related to the linear material ratio curve. These parameters are only defined for the R-profile. The parameters are defined by two different filtering processes, ISO 13565-1 and ISO 12085 respectively. Table 4 indicates the parameter denominations related to the probability material ratio curve (ISO 13565-3). These parameters are defined both for the R-profile and the P-profile.

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Table 3: Denominations of parameters based on the linear material ratio curve Parameters Roughness profile parameters according to ISO 13565-2 Filtering according to ISO 13565-1 Roughness profile parameters according to ISO 13565-2 Filtering according to ISO 12085 according to ISO 13565-2 and ISO 12085. Table 4: Denominations of parameters based on the probability material ratio curve according to ISO 13565-3 Parameters Roughness profiles Filtering according to ISO 13565-1 Structure profiles Filtering 8s Rpq Ppq Rvq Pvq Rmq Pmq Rk Rke Rpk Rpke Rvk Rvke Mr1 Mr1e Mr2 Mr2e

5.2.2 Evaluation length - number of sampling lengths within the evaluation length - ln The surface texture requirement on the drawing applies to the evaluation length. Certain parameters are defined on the basis of the sampling length, others on the basis of the evaluation length (See ISO 4287, ISO 12085, ISO 13565-2 and ISO 13565-3). When the parameter is defined on the basis of the sampling length, the number of sampling lengths constituting the evaluation length is of decisive importance. For sampling lengths, see 5.3. If the parameter denomination is indicated as shown in 5.2.1, it means that the requirement is the default evaluation length, if it is defined in the pertinent standards. NOTE - In those cases where no default definition exists for the number of sampling lengths within the evaluation length, it is necessary to include the number of sampling lengths in the parameter denomination in order to obtain an unambiguous surface texture requirement. 5.2.2.1 Profile parameters (ISO 4287)

The default evaluation lengths for the profile parameters defined in ISO 4287, are defined in ISO 4288: R-profile - The default evaluation lengths of the roughness parameters are defined in 4.4 of ISO 4288, and 7. The default evaluation length, ln, consists of five sampling lengths, lr: ln = 5 lr This means that the parameter denominations of Rp, Rv, Rz, Rc, Rt, Ra, ..., RSm, ... , as shown in table 1 indicate that the evaluation length is equal to five sampling lengths. If the number of sampling lengths within the evaluation length is to differ from the default number of five, it shall be indicated in the symbol. If e.g. the evaluation length is to consist of three sampling lengths, the following symbol is used: Rp3, Rv3, Rz3, Rc3, Rt3, Ra3, ..., RSm3, ...

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W-profile - Waviness parameters. At present, no standardized default evaluation lengths exist for the waviness parameters4. The number of sampling lengths shall always be included in the parameter denomination of waviness in order to obtain an unambiguous surface texture requirement, e.g. Wz5, Wa3, etc. P-profile - Structure parameters. The default evaluation length for structure parameters is defined in 4.4 of ISO 4288 as the entire length of the feature. NOTE - The sampling length concept is not relevant in connection with P parameters. Consequently, indication of the number of sampling lengths in the parameter denomination of structure parameters is not relevant. 5.2.2.2 Motif parameters (ISO 12085)

The default evaluation lengths of motif parameters are given in 5.2 of ISO 12085 and are indicated to be 16 mm. NOTE - Attention is drawn to the fact that the evaluation length concept in the case of motif parameters has another meaning that of other surface texture parameters in that the sampling length concept does not exist. Consequently, indication of the number of sampling lengths in the parameter denomination of motif parameters is not relevant. It has not yet been established how motif parameters with another evaluation length than the default evaluation length are to be indicated in the complete symbol 5. 5.2.2.3 Parameters based on the material ratio curve - (ISO 13565-2, ISO 13565-3)

R-profile - The default evaluation lengths for R parameters related to the material ratio curve are defined in 7 of ISO 13565-1 to be five sampling lengths: ln = 5 lr This means that the parameter denominations of Rk, Rpk, Rvk, Rpq, Rvq, Rmq as shown in tables 3 and 4 indicates that the evaluation length is equal to five sampling lengths. If the number of sampling lengths within the evaluation length is to differ from the default number of five, it shall be indicated in the symbol. If e.g. the evaluation length is to consist of eight sampling lengths, the following symbol is used: Rk8, Rpk8, Rvk8, Rpq8, Rvq8, Rmq8 NOTE - For the parameters Rke, Rpke, Rvke, etc., the same comments as above for the motif parameters apply. P-profile - The default evaluation length of P-profile parameters is defined in 4.4 of ISO 4288 as the entire length of the feature. NOTE - The sampling length concept is not relevant in connection with P parameters. Consequently, indication of the number of sampling lengths in the parameter denomination of structure parameters is not relevant.

The number of default evaluation lengths for waviness parameters is under consideration by ISO/TC 213. Under consideration in ISO/TC 213.

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5.2.3 Tolerance limits for numerical values of surface texture parameters Two different ways exist of interpreting the specification limits of surface texture, the "16% rule" and the "maxrule" respectively; see 5.2 and 5.3 of ISO 4288 respectively. NOTE - The "16%-rule" is defined as the default rule for all indications of surface texture requirements. This means that the "16%-rule" applies to a surface texture requirement when the parameter denomination as shown in 5.2.1 is applied (see figure 8). If the max rule is to apply to a surface texture requirement, "max" is added to the parameter (see figure 9). 5.2.3.1 Profile parameters (ISO 4287)

The "16%-rule" and the "max-rule" are both applicable to the profile parameters defined in ISO 4287.

a) in text

b) in drawings

Figure 8: Parameter denomination where the 16% rule applies (default filter window)

a) in text

b) in drawings

Figure 9: Parameter denomination where the max rule applies (default filter window) 5.2.3.2 Motif parameters (ISO 12085)

The motif parameters are defined using only the "16%-rule" (see 5.4 of ISO 12085). 5.2.3.3 Parameters based on the material ratio curve - (ISO 13565-2, ISO 13565-3)

The "16%-rule" as well as the "max-rule" apply to all parameters related to the material ratio curve defined in ISO 13565-2 and ISO 13565-3. 5.3 Indication of filter window and sampling length for the parameter

As a main rule, surface texture is defined in a filter window - the wavelength range between two defined filters (see ISO 3274 and ISO 11562). This means that the filter window is the wavelength range which is included in the evaluation. The filter window is limited by one filter which cuts off short wavelengths (short wave filter) and by another filter which cuts off long wavelengths of the surface (long wave filter). The filters are characterized by the so-called cut-off value. The filters and their transmission characteristics are defined in ISO 11562. For motif parameters, an additional, special form of filtering is used (see 5.3.2). NOTE - The cut-off value of the long wave filter is also designated the sampling length.

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Where no filter window is indicated in connection with the parameter denomination, the default filter window applies to the surface texture requirement (see 5.3.1, 5.3.2 and 5.3.3 for the definition of default filter windows). See e.g. the surface texture requirements in figures 8 and 9 where no filter window is indicated. NOTES 1 Certain surface texture parameters do not have a defined default filter window or a default short wave filter or a default sampling length (long wave filter). In these cases the surface texture indication shall specify filter window, short wave filter or long wave filter to ensure that the surface texture requirement is unambiguous. 2 To provide assurance that the surface is controlled unambiguously by the surface texture requirement, the filter window shall be indicated in connection with the parameter denomination in all cases. The filter window is indicated by indicating the cut-off values of the filters (in millimeters), separated by a hyphen ("-"). The short wave filter is indicated first, the long wave filter being indicated second. See figure 10.

a) in text

b) in drawings

Figure 10: Indication of filter window in connection with a surface texture requirement In some cases it may be relevant to indicate only one of the two filters in the filter window. The second filter then has its default value, if it exists. If only one filter is indicated, the hyphen is maintained to indicate whether the indication is of the short wave or the long wave filter, e.g. 0,008- (short wave filter indication) or -0,25 (long wave filter indication). 5.3.1 Profile parameters (ISO 4287) 5.3.1.1 R-profile - Roughness parameters

The cut-off value designations of the R-profile filter window is 8s (short wave filter) and 8c, the sampling length (long wave filter). Default filter windows of the roughness parameters are defined in combination by 7 of ISO 4288 and 4.4 of ISO 3274. ISO 4288 defines the default long wave filter 8c, ISO 3274 defining the default short wave filter 8s related to 8c. In the event of the filter window being indicated, it may only be necessary to indicate the long wave filter 8c, e.g. -0,8. The short wave filter 8s will then be as specified in 4.4 of ISO 3274. If control of both the short wave filter and the long wave filter in the filter window for roughness parameters is required, both shall be indicated in connection with the parameter symbol, e.g. 0,008-0,8. 5.3.1.2 W-profile - Waviness parameters

The cut-off value designations of the W-profile filter window is 8c (short wave filter) and 8f, the sampling length (long wave filter).

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No default values of the filter window of the W-profile is defined, nor is the ratio between 8f and 8c. Therefore, the filter window shall always be indicated by both cut-off values to ensure an unambiguous requirement. 5.3.1.3 P-profile - Structure parameter

The cut-off value designations of the P-profile of the filter window is 8c (short wave filter) and no designation of the long wave filter has been standardized (8p as proposal). No default value of the cut-off value of the short wave filter of the P-profile 8s 4 has been defined. Therefore, the cut-off value of the short wave filter 8s shall always be indicated to ensure an unambiguous requirement. In the default case, P-parameters do not have any long wave filters (sampling lengths). A long wave filter (sampling length) can be indicated for P-parameters if required for the function of the workpiece. 5.3.2 Motif parameters (ISO 12085) For motif parameters, default values of the cut-off values of the short wave filter 8s have been defined as a function of the applicable evaluation length (see 5.2 of ISO 12085). NOTE - For the default evaluation length of 16 mm, 8s = 0,008 mm 5.3.3 Parameters based on the material ratio curve - (ISO 13565-2, ISO 13565-3) ISO 13565-1 only anticipates the use of two different sampling lengths (long wave filter) for the R-profile. The long wave filter having the cut-off value 8c = 0,8 mm is the default filter having 8s = 0,0025 mm as the related cut-off value of the short wave filter. Where no filter window is indicated, this filter window applies to Rparameters related to the material ratio curve. The second standardized filter window (special definition), which is given in ISO 13565-1 as 0,008-2,5 mm, is a standard filter window specified in ISO 3274. If P-parameters are indicated according to ISO 13565-3, the short wave filter 8s shall be indicated in connection with the parameter denomination to ensure an unambiguous requirement, as there is no default definition of 8s in this case. In the default case, P-parameters do not have any long wave filter. A long wave filter can be indicated for P-parameters if required for the function of the workpiece. 5.4 Tolerance types - unilateral or bilateral

The surface texture requirement can be indicated as unilateral or bilateral specifications. The specification limits are expressed by indication of the parameter denomination, the parameter value and the filter window as described in 5.2 and 5.3. 5.4.1 Unilateral tolerance of a surface parameter When the parameter denomination, the parameter value and the filter window are indicated, they are to be understood as a unilateral upper specification limit of the parameter in question ("16%-rule" or "max-rule" limit). If the parameter denomination, the parameter value and the filter window indicated are to be interpreted as a unilateral lower specification limit of the parameter in question (16% or max limit), then the parameter denomination shall be preceded by the letter L, e.g. L Ra 0,32.

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a) in text

b) in drawings

Figure 11: Bilateral surface specification 5.4.2 Bilateral tolerance of a surface parameter A bilateral tolerance is indicated in the complete symbol by placing the requirement for the two tolerance limits above each other, the upper specification limit ("16%-rule" or "max rule" limit) preceded by U being indicated over the lower specification limit preceded by L (see figure 11). The upper and lower specification limits are not necessarily expressed by means of the same parameter denomination and filter window. 5.5 Indication of manufacturing method or other information regarding the method

The surface texture parameter value of an actual surface is strongly influenced by the detailed form of the profile curve. A parameter denomination, parameter value and filter window - indicated solely as a surface texture requirement - do therefore not necessarily result in unambiguous function of the surface. It is consequently necessary in almost all cases to state the manufacturing process, as this process to some extent results in a particular detailed form of the profile curve. There may also be other reasons for finding it appropriate to indicate the process.

a) in text drawings

b) in

Figure 12: Indication of a machining process and the requirement for the roughness of the resulting surface

a) in text in drawings

b)

Figure 13: Indication of a coating and the roughness requirement The manufacturing process of the specified surface can be presented as a text and be added to the complete symbol as shown in figures 12 and 13. The coating in figure 13 is as an example indicated using the symbolic presentation in ISO 1456. The addition to the complete symbol can be used only as information - also in addition to the information of importance to the geometrical properties of the surface, e.g. coating thickness, coating types, etc. NOTE - In addition to ISO 1456, ISO/TC 107, Metallic and other non-organic coatings, has issued a number of standards dealing with issues such as methods of indication coatings.

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ISO 1997 - All rights reserved

5.6

Indication of the surface lay

The surface lay and direction of the lay emanating from the machining process (e.g. traces left by tools) can be indicated in the complete symbol by using the symbols shown in table 5 and illustrated by the example in figure 14. The indication of surface lay by the defined symbols is not applicable to textual indications.

Figure 14: Direction of lay of the surface pattern indicated as being perpendicular to the drawing plane NOTE - The direction of lay is the direction of the prevailing surface pattern which is usually determined by the manufacturing process used. The symbols in table 5 indicate the lay and direction of lay in relation to the drawing plane containing the surface texture requirement. 5.7 Indication of machining allowance

The machining allowance is generally indicated only in those cases where more process stages are shown in the same drawing. Machining allowances are therefore found e.g. in drawings of raw cast and forged workpieces with the final workpiece being shown in the raw workpiece. For the definition and application of requirements for machining allowances, see ISO 10135. The indication of machining allowance by the defined symbol is not applicable to textual indications.

Figure 15: Indication of surface texture requirements for the "final" workpiece shown on the casting drawing, including a requirement for a machining allowance of 3 mm When the machining allowance is indicated, it may occur that the requirement for the machining allowance is the only requirement added to the total or complete symbol. The machining allowance may also be indicated in connection with a normal surface texture requirement (see figure 15).

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 ISO 1997 - All rights reserved

ISO/CD 1302(E)

Table 5

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ISO/CD 1302(E)

ISO 1997 - All rights reserved

Interpretation of indications of surface texture requirements and their values

Surface texture requirements on a technical drawing shall as a principle consist of at least one of the symbols shown in figures 1 to 6 and the supplementary annotations described in 5. Graphical symbols used alone have only a meaning as a surface texture requirement when: used according to 7.2, or the basic graphical symbol, shown in figure 3, is used on a drawing concerning a manufacturing process. In this case, the interpretation is: The specified surface shall be left in the state resulting a preceding manufacturing process regardless the condition was obtained by removal of material or by other means. Verification of whether a particular surface is in conformance or non-conformance with a given surface texture requirement shall be in accordance to the rules and principles given in ISO 14253-1. Furthermore, the interpretation rules of this standard and the content the relevant surface texture standards shall be taken into account.

Indication on drawings and other technical product documentation

Surface texture requirements shall be indicated only once for a given surface and, if possible, on the same view where the size and/or location are indicated and toleranced. Unless otherwise specified, the indicated surface texture requirements are applicable for the surface after machining, coating etc. (see also Annex C). 7.1 Position and orientation of the graphical symbol and its annotation

The general rule is that the graphical symbol together with the complementary information shall be oriented so that they can be read from the bottom or right-hand side of the drawing, in conformity with ISO 129 (see figure 16).

Figure 16: Direction of reading of surface texture requirements 7.1.1 On an outline or by a leader line The surface texture requirement (graphical symbol) shall touch the surface or be connected to it by means of a leader line terminating in an arrowhead. As a general rule the graphical symbol shall, or the leader line terminating in an arrowhead, shall point at the surface from outside the material of the workpiece either to the outline (representing the surface) or the extension of it (see figure 17 and 18).

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 ISO 1997 - All rights reserved

ISO/CD 1302(E)

Figure 17: Surface texture requirements on the contour line that represents the surface

Figure 18: Alternative use of leader lines 7.1.2 On the dimension line in connection with the dimension of a size feature If there is no risk of misinterpretation, the surface texture requirement may be indicated in connection with the dimensions given, as shown in figure 19.

Figure 19: Surface texture requirement in connection with the dimension of a feature of size 7.1.3 On the tolerance frame for geometrical tolerances The surface texture requirement may be placed on top of the tolerance frame for geometrical tolerances (according ISO 1101), as shown in figure 20.

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ISO 1997 - All rights reserved

Figure 20: Surface texture requirement connected to indication of geometrical tolerances 7.1.4 On extension lines The surface texture requirement may be directly placed on extension lines or be connected to it by a leader line terminating in an arrowhead, as shown in figures 17 and 21. 7.1.5 Cylindrical and prismatic surfaces Cylindrical as well as prismatic surfaces need only be specified once if indicated by a centreline and if each prismatic surface have the same surface texture requirement (see figure 21). However, each prismatic surface needs to be indicated separately if different surface textures are required on the individual prismatic surfaces (see figure 22).

Figure 21: Surface texture requirements on extension lines of cylindrical features

Figure 22: Surface texture requirements for cylindrical and prismatic surfaces 7.2 Simplified drawing indications of surface texture requirements

7.2.1 Majority of surfaces having the same surface texture requirement If the same surface texture is required on the majority of the surfaces of a workpiece, this surface texture requirement may be placed close to the title block of the drawing.

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 ISO 1997 - All rights reserved

ISO/CD 1302(E)

This general graphical symbol corresponding to this surface texture shall be followed by: a basic symbol in parenthesis without any other indication (see figure 23), or the special deviating surface texture requirement(s) in parenthesis (see figure 24).

in order to indicate that there exist other surface texture requirements that deviates from the general surface texture requirement.

Figure 23: Simplified indication when a majority of surfaces have the same required surface texture

Figure 24: Simplified indication when a majority of surfaces have the same required surface texture Surface texture requirements that deviates from the general surface texture requirement is indicated directly on the drawing in the same view of the particular surfaces in question (see figure 23 and 24). 7.2.2 Use of reference indication in case of minimal drawing space To avoid the necessity of repeating a complicated indication a number of times, or where space is limited, a simplified reference indication may be used on the surface provided that its meaning is explained near the workpiece in question, near the title block or in the space devoted to general notes (see figure 25).

Figure 25: Reference indication in case of minimal drawing space

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ISO 1997 - All rights reserved

7.2.3 Special use of reference indication If the same surface texture is required on a large number of surfaces of the workpiece, the corresponding graphical symbol shown i figures 1, 2 or 3 may be used on the appropriate surface and its meaning given on the drawing as shown, for example, in figures 26 to 28.

Figure 26: Simplified indication of surface texture requirements (manufacturing process not specified)

Figure 27: Simplified indication of surface texture requirement (removal of material)

Figure 28: Simplified indication of surface texture requirement (removal of material not permitted)

7.3

Indication of 2 processes

If it is necessary to define surface texture both before and after treatment, this shall be explained in a note or in accordance with figure 29.

Figure 29: Indication of surface texture requirement before and after treatment (in this case coating)

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 ISO 1997 - All rights reserved Annex A

(normative)

ISO/CD 1302(E)

Proportions and dimensions of graphical symbols A.1 General requirements

In order to harmonize the size of the symbols specified in the International Standard with those of other inscriptions on technical drawings (dimensions, geometrical tolerances, etc.) the rules given in ISO 34612 shall be applied.

A.2 Proportions
The basic graphical symbol and its complements (see 4) shall be drawn in accordance with figures A.1 to A.3. The shape of the symbols in figure A.2 c) to A.2 g) is the same as that of the corresponding capital letter in ISO 3098-1 (lettering B, vertical). For dimensions, see A.3. The length of the horizontal stroke of the symbol in figure A.1 b) depends on the indication associated with it (see 6.3 and B.3). Important - Use of the positions "x1" and "x2" of figure A.3 shall be avoided on new technical drawings and be regarded as former practice. Only the positions "a" and "b" shall be used for indication of surface texture parameters, filter window and numerical parameter value.

Figure A.1

Figure A.2 NOTE - For the placing of surface texture specifications in positions "a" to "e", see figures 7 to 15. The height of all lettering in areas "a", "b", "d" and "e" of figure A.3 shall be equal to h.

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ISO 1997 - All rights reserved

c x1 x2 e d a b

Figure A.3 As the lettering in area c, figure A.3, may comprise capital and/or lower-case letters, the height of this area may be greater than h to allow for tails of lower case-case letters

A.3 Dimensions
The dimensions of the graphical symbols and additional indications shall be as specified in table A.1. Tabel A.1 Dimensions in millimetres
Height of numerals and letters, h (see ISO 3098-1) Line width for symbols, d' 0,25 Line width for lettering, d Height, H1 Height, H2 3,5 8 5 11 7 15 10 21 14 30 20 42 28 60 0,35 0,5 0,7 1 1,4 2 2,5 3,5 5 7 10 14 20

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 ISO 1997 - All rights reserved Annex B

(informative)

ISO/CD 1302(E)

Synoptic tables B.1 Graphical symbols with no inscription

Reference no. B.1.1 Symbol Meaning Fundamental graphical symbol. It may only be used in isolation when its meaning is "the surface under consideration" or explained by a note (see 7.2). Basic graphical symbol. A machining surface with no indication of other details. Used in isolation this basic graphical symbol may be used only when its meaning is "a surface to be machined". Basic graphical symbol. A surface from which removal of material is prohibited. This basic graphical symbol may also be used in a drawing relating to a manufacturing process to indicate that a surface is to be left in the state resulting from a preceding manufacturing process, regardless whether this state was achieved by removal of material or otherwise.

B.1.2

B.1.3

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ISO 1997 - All rights reserved

B.2 Graphical symbols with indication of surface texture

Reference no. B.2.1 Symbol Meaning/Explanation The process is not permitted to remove material, unilateral upper specification limit, default filter window, R-profile, maximum height of roughness 0,4 Fm, evaluation length of 5 sampling lengths (default), "16%-rule" (default) The process shall remove material, unilateral upper specification limit, default filter window, R-profile, maximum height of roughness 0,4 Fm, evaluation length of 5 sampling lengths (default), "max-rule" The process shall remove material, unilateral upper specification limit, filter window 0,008-0,8 mm, Rprofile, arithmetic mean deviation 3,2 Fm, evaluation length of 5 sampling lengths (default), "16%-rule" (default) The process shall remove material, unilateral upper specification limit, filter window: sampling length 0,8 mm (8s default 0,0025 Fm) according to ISO 3274, R-profile, arithmetic mean deviation 0,2 Fm, evaluation length of 3 sampling lengths (default), "16%-rule" (default) The process is not permitted to remove material, double-sided upper and lower specification limits, default filter window for both limits, R-profile, upper limit: arithmetic mean deviation 3,2 Fm, evaluation length of 5 sampling lengths (default), "max-rule", lower limit: arithmetic mean deviation 0,8 Fm, evaluation length of 5 sampling lengths (default), "16%-rule" (default) The process shall remove material, unilateral upper specification limit, filter window 0,8 - 25 mm, Wprofile, maximum height of waviness 12 Fm, evaluation length of 3 sampling lengths, "16%-rule" (default) The process shall remove material, unilateral upper specification limit, filter window 8s = 0,008 mm no long wave filter, P-profile, total profile height 25 Fm, evaluation length equal workpiece length (default), "max-rule"

B.2.2

B.2.3

B.2.4

B.2.5

B.2.6

B.2.7

NOTE - Surface texture parameters, filter windows/sampling lengths and parameter values and choice of symbols are given as examples only.

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 ISO 1997 - All rights reserved B.3 Symbols with supplementary information

ISO/CD 1302(E)

(These indications may be used in combination with the appropriate graphical symbols from B.2) Reference no. B.3.1 Symbol Meaning Manufacturing method: milled (see 5.5)

B.3.2

Surface pattern: direction of lay perpendicular to the plane of projection of the view (see 5.6) Surface texture requirement applies to complete closed outline of the projection view (see 4.5) Machining allowance 3 mm (see 5.7)

B.3.3

B.3.4

NOTE - The manufacturing method, surface pattern, and machining allowance are given as examples only.

B.4 Simplified symbols

Reference no. B.4.1 Symbol Meaning The meaning is defined by text added to the drawing (see 7.2.1 and 7.2.2).

B.4.2

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ISO/CD 1302(E)

ISO 1997 - All rights reserved Annex C

(informative)

Examples
Reference no. C.1 Requirement Surface roughness: - bilateral specification - upper specification limit Ra = 50 Fm, - lower specification limit Ra = 6,3 Fm; - both "16%-rule", default; - both filter window 0,008-4 mm; - evaluation length default (5 4 mm = 20 mm); - surface lay approximately circular around the centre - manufacturing process, milling Surface roughness on all surfaces except one: - one single, unilateral/upper specification limit - Rz = 6,3 Fm; - "16%-rule", default; - default filter window (determined by ISO 4288 and ISO 3274); - default evaluation length (5 8c); - surface lay, no requirement; - manufacturing process shall remove material The surface with a different requirement, has a surface roughness: - one single, unilateral/upper specification limit; - Ra = 0,8 Fm; - "16%-rule", default; - default filter window (determined by ISO 4288 and ISO 3274); - default evaluation length (5 8c); - surface lay, no requirement; - manufacturing process shall remove material C.3 Surface roughness: - two, unilateral/upper specification limits C.4 Ra = 1,6 Fm; "16%-rule"; filter window default (ISO 4288/3274); evaluation length default (5 8c); Rzmax = 6,3 Fm; max- rule; filter window -2,5 mm (ISO 3274); evaluation length default (5 2,5 mm); Example

C.2

surface lay approximately perpendicular on the projection plane; Manufacturing process, grinding

Surface roughness: - one single, unilateral/upper specification limit; - Rz = 1 Fm; - "16%-rule" default; - filter window default (ISO 4288 and ISO 3274); - evaluation length default (5 8c); - surface lay, no requirement; - surface treatment: nickel/chromium plating; - The surface requirement are valid for all surfaces represented by the closed outline

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 ISO 1997 - All rights reserved

Reference no. C.5 Requirement Surface roughness: - one unilateral upper and one bilateral specification; C.6 unilateral Ra = 1,6 Fm; "16%-rule"; filter window -0,8 mm (8s according to ISO 3274); evaluation length 5 0,8 = 4 mm; bilateral: upper specification limit Rz = 16 Fm; lower specification limit Rz = 6,3 Fm; both: filter window -2,5 mm (8s according to ISO 3274); both: evaluation length 5 2,5 = 12,5 mm; surface lay, no requirement; surface treatment: nickel/chromium plating;

ISO/CD 1302(E) Example

Indication of surface texture and dimensioning may be combined using the same dimension line. Surface roughness on side surfaces of keyway - one single, unilateral upper specification limit; - Ra = 6,3 Fm; - "16%-rule", default (ISO 4288 and IS 3274); - evaluation length, default (5 8c); - surface lay, no requirement; - manufacturing process shall remove material Surface roughness on the chamfer: - one single, unilateral/upper specification limit; - Ra = 25 Fm - "16%-rule", default (ISO 4288 and ISO 3274); - evaluation length, default (5 8c); - surface lay, no requirement; - manufacturing process shall remove material

C.7

Surface texture and dimensioning may be indicated together on an extended dimension line, or separated on the respective projection line and dimension line

the three surface roughness requirements on the example are all: - one single, unilateral/upper specification limit; - respectively: Ra = 1,6 Fm, Ra = 6,3 Fm, Rz = 50 Fm, - "16%-rule", default (ISO 4288 and ISO 3274); - evaluation length, default (5 8c); - surface lay, no requirement; - manufacturing process shall remove material

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ISO/CD 1302(E) Reference no. C.8 Requirement

ISO 1997 - All rights reserved

Example

Indication of surface texture, dimensioning and treatment. The example is illustrating three successive manufacturing processes or stages 1. stage: - one single, unilateral/upper specification limit; - Rz = 1,6 Fm, - "16%-rule", default (ISO 4288 and ISO 3274); - evaluation length, default (5 8c); - surface lay, no requirement; - manufacturing process shall remove material. 2. stage: No surface texture requirement, except: - chromium plating 3. stage: - one single, unilateral/upper specification limit, only valid for the first 50 mm of the cylinder surface; - Rz = 6,2 Fm, - "16%-rule", default (ISO 4288 and ISO 3274); - evaluation length, default (5 8c); - surface lay, no requirement; - manufacturing process grinding

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 ISO 1997 - All rights reserved Annex D

(informative)

ISO/CD 1302(E)

Necessary indications in order to ensure unambiguous control of surface functions

A surface texture requirement is built of several different control elements, which can be part of the indication on the drawing or the specification given in other documents. The elements are the following (see also figure D.1):

Figure D.1: Control elements in indication of surface texture requirements on engineering drawings a) b) Indication of upper (U) or lower (L) specification limit - see 5.4 for details Filter type "X". The standardized filter is the Gauss filter (ISO 11562). The former standardized filter was the 2RC-filter. In the future other filter types may be standardized. In the transition period it may be convenient for some companies to indicate the filter type on drawings. Filter type may be indicated as "Gauss" or "2RC". This is not standardized, but an indication of filter name as proposed here is unambiguous. Filter window is indicated as short wave - long wave filter - see 5.3 for details Profile (R, W or P) - see 5.2.1 for details Characteristic/parameter - see 5.2.1 for details Evaluation length as the number of sampling lengths - see 5.2.2 for details

c) d) e) f)

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ISO/CD 1302(E) g) h) i) k)

ISO 1997 - All rights reserved

Interpretation of the specification limit ("16%-rule" or "max-rule") - see 5.2.3 for details Limit value in micrometers Type of manufacturing process - see 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4 for details Surface texture lay - see 5.6 for details

m) Manufacturing process - see 5.5 for details Experience is that all these elements are necessary to form an unambiguous relation between the surface texture requirement and the function of the surface. It is only in very few cases that some of the elements can be omitted in an unambiguous requirement. The majority of the elements are also necessary to set the measuring instrument (b, c, d, e, f). The rest is necessary to evaluate unambiguously the result of measurement and comparison with the limit(s) required. In some cases it is necessary to indicate requirements for more than one surface texture parameter (profile and/or characteristic) to establish an unambiguous relation between the requirement on the drawing and the function of the surface. Not all surface texture parameters have a strong and universal correlation with the function of a surface. Some parameters are highly specialized in relation to the type of surface and/or type of function of the surface. Two main groups of surface texture parameters exist for use for two main types of surfaces: Single process surfaces Surfaces which are the result of one manufacturing process (e.g. turning, grinding, milling, plating, painting, etc.). Parameters useful for these surfaces are defined in ISO 4287 and ISO 12085. In some cases the parameters in ISO 13565-2 may be useful for single process surfaces. Parameters intended for single process surfaces will usually not give meaningful results used on two process surfaces. Two process surfaces Surfaces which are the result of two manufacturing processes, and where part of the two surface textures are present in and influencing the function of the resulting surface (e.g. ground surfaces, which are partially lapped, superfinished or honed). The parameters for these surfaces are defined in ISO 13565-2 and ISO 13565-3.

How strong the correlation between the surface texture parameter and the function of the surface is, and which parameters are the appropriate for the control of a special function of a surface, shall be taken from literature or known by experience. To simplify the indication of surface texture requirements, and still maintain the unambiguity of the relation between indication on the drawing and the function of the surface, a number of default conditions are defined: e.g. Interpretation of the specification limit(s), filter window and evaluation length. The default definitions result in, that even simplified surface texture indications, e.g. Ra 1,6 and Rz 6,8 have a partly unambiguous meaning. This principle about default definitions is not yet finalized for all parameters. The individual standards comprise information about default definitions - if any. In cases where no default definitions exist, the full informations about e.g. interpretation of specification limit(s), filter window and evaluation length, shall be given in the indication of the surface texture requirement on the drawing to make the requirement unambiguous - and meaningful. When a default definition exist for a surface texture parameter, two possibilities exist for the indication: 1) Use the total (existing) default definitions (as given in the standards) - use only a simplified indication on the drawing;

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 ISO 1997 - All rights reserved

ISO/CD 1302(E)

2) Indicate all the possible requirements and details in the requirement on the drawing. The detailed requirement chosen on the basis of objective known relations between the surface texture requirement and the function of the surface. Possibility number 1 have the advantage of reducing the annotations necessary and is saving space on the drawing. On the other hand does not ensure that the choices made by the standardized default definitions are suitable for the specific task of controlling the function of the surface. As a general rule it is stated that: Surfaces which are important for the function of a workpiece, i.e. where the surface texture is of critical for the function, possibility number 2 shall always be used. Special attention shall be given to the choice of default filter window as given in ISO 4288. The rules for choosing the default filter window may have major influence on the measured parameter value from a surface. Small - and nearly insignificant - changes in the surface may - because of the rules in ISO 4288 - result in differences in the measured parameter value of up to 50%. This fact point to, that the filter window - or at least the sampling length should always be stated in the symbol on the drawing, for surfaces where the surface texture are of importance for the function of the workpiece. In such cases the default filter should never be used. The manufacturing process and in some cases also the surface lay are of major importance for an unambiguous relation between the surface texture requirement on the drawing and the function of the surface. Two different manufacturing processes usually have "surface texture scales" of there own to relate to the same function of the surface. To obtain the same function of a surface, usually there may be a difference of more than 100% in the measured parameter values for the two surfaces, when the surfaces are manufactured with two different processes. One consequence of the above mentioned facts is, that the comparison of two or more surface texture parameter values only make sense, when the individual values have the same basis, e.g. filter window, evaluation length and manufacturing process.

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ISO/CD 1302(E)

ISO 1997 - All rights reserved Annex E

(informative)

Exhaustive explanation on consequences of the new ISO surface texture standards

This edition of ISO 1302 is developed for use together with the new editions of the surface texture standards issued in 1996 and 1997. The new editions of surface texture standards are ISO 3274, ISO 4287, ISO 4288, ISO 11562, ISO 12085, ISO 13565-1, ISO 13565-2, ISO 13565-3 (see 2). Three new standards which are not yet issued are listed in Annex G (ISO/CD 5436-1, ISO/WD 5436-2 and ISO/CD 12179). A special standard for surface imperfections is ISO 8785. A number of surface texture standards are withdrawn: ISO 468, ISO 1878, ISO 1879, ISO 1880, ISO 2632-1, ISO 2632-2, ISO 2632-3 and ISO 4287/2. The new 1996 and 1997 editions of surface texture standards have resulted in many and major changes compared with the content of the former standards issued in the 1980s. The most important changes and consequences are: The measuring instrument for surface texture is redefined (ISO 3274); Skidded instruments are no longer standardized. The "true" value of a surface texture parameter is defined by an absolute measuring instrument. New filters are defined with a different filter characteristic (ISO 11562, digital phase correct Gaussian filter). The former analogue 2RC filter is no longer standardized. Two new surface texture profiles are defined (W- (waviness) and P-profile) additional to the already existing Rprofile or roughness profile. Each of now three surface texture profiles can be the basis of nearly all surface texture parameters (characteristics), e.g. Ra, Wa and Pa. See especially 5.2.1, ISO 4287 and 13565-3. Surface texture (all three profiles) is now defined by a filter window (short wave and long wave filter) and not only by a single "cut-off filter" (long wave filter) - see 5.3 and ISO 3274, ISO 4287 and ISO 11562. The typography of surface texture parameters are changed. The parameter symbol is now written on the line, e.g. Ra and Rz. The use of subscript, e.g. Ra and Rz is not used any more. Almost all surface texture denominations and names of existing parameters are changed (ISO 4287). The former surface roughness parameter Rz (Ten point height) is not standardized in ISO any more. Rz is now the symbol for the former Ry. Three new groups/types of surface texture parameters is defined and standardized (ISO 12085, ISO 13565-2 and ISO 13565-3). These new surface texture parameters have partly their own filtering system (ISO 12085 and ISO 13565-1). The number of parameters, which have a default definition for interpretation of specification limit(s), filtering and evaluation length, are heavily increased from the existing three (Ra, Ry and Rz). See ISO 4288, ISO 12085 and ISO 13565-1. Nearly all W- and P-parameters have no default definitions.

The changes from the former standards to the new editions of 1996 and 1997 are so many and so important, that it is problematic to evaluate "old" surface requirements according to the new standards. Companies shall make decisions how to make the shift from old to new standards.

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ISO/CD 1302(E)

One of the most important changes is the Gaussian filter instead of the 2RC-filter. The Gaussian filter have been available on instruments for several years. The new filter is intended to have an effect very near to the former 2RC. This is not fully possible. Cases exist, where the Gaussian filter reduce the measured value more than 50% compared with the value from the same surface measured with 2RC-filtering. In most cases the change of filters result in changes of measured values much smaller (differences less than 5-10%). In most cases the use of filter window (instead of cut-off filter only) result in a small reduction of the measured value, especially for smooth surfaces. The advantage of the filter window is, that the uncertainty of measurement, the dependency of the tip radius and the difference between instruments of different make is heavily reduced.

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ISO/CD 1302(E)

ISO 1997 - All rights reserved Annex F

(informative)

Relation to the GPS matrix model

For full details about the GPS matrix model see ISO/TR 14638.

F.1

Information about the standard and its use

[TO BE FINALIZED]

F.2

Position in the GPS matrix model

This International standard is a general GPS standard, which influences the chain link 1 of the chain of standards on roughness profile, waviness profile and primary profile in the general GPS matrix, as graphically illustrated on figure F.1. GLOBAL GPS STANDARDS GENERAL GPS MATRIX
Chain link number Size Distance Radius Angle Form of line independent of datum Form of line dependent of datum Form of surface independent of datum Form of surface dependent of datum Orientation Location Circular run-out Total run-out Datums Roughness profile Waviness profile Primary profile Surface imperfections Edges 1 2 3 4 5 6

FUNDAMENTAL GPS STANDARDS

Figure F.1

F.3

Related standards

The related standards are those of the chains of standards indicated in figure F.1.

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 ISO 1997 - All rights reserved Annex G

(informative)

ISO/CD 1302(E)

Bibliography

[1] ISO/TR 14638:1995; Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Masterplan [2] ISO 3098-1:1974; Technical drawings - Lettering - part 1: Currently used characters [3] ISO/CD 5436-1:-, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Profile method Calibration - Part 1: Measurement standards6 [4] ISO/WD 5436-2:-, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Profile method Calibration - Part 2: Soft gauges1 [5] ISO/CD 12179; Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Surface texture - Profile method - Calibration of contact (stylus) instruments1

Under preparation

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