GISANALYSISI

VECTORBASEDGISDATAPROCESSING
Vector based data processing is the manipulation and

analysis of spatial features stored as points, lines, and polygons in geographic database for spatial problem solving

Vector geographic data processing is performed using not only graphical data, but also attributes associated with these g graphical p data The ability to integrate graphical data and their attributes distinguishes GIS from other forms of information system
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Classificationof VECTORBASEDGISDATAPROCESSING
Non Topological Analysis
Make use of attribute values and coordinates rather than

stored or computed topological relationships to analyze spatial distribution, pattern and trend implicit in one or more collections of geographic data

Topological
Feature Based Topological Functions Are performed by using the topological relationships between individual spatial features on one or more layers Layer Based Topological Functions Which use all spatial features present on a layer in spatial analysis
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NonTopologicalGISAnalysisFunctions
Attributedatabasequery Statisticalcomputationandthematicmapping Addressgeocoding Calculationofareas,perimetersanddistances

AttributeDatabaseQuery
Attribute query
Select features using attribute data (e.g. using SQL) Results can be mapped or presented in conventional

database form Can be used to produce maps of subsets of the data

Spatial query
Clicking on features on the map to find out their attribute

values

Building a Definition Query

AttributeDatabaseQuery
Select: This operation extracts data items in

specified rows of a table

Summarize: This operation extracts data items

in specified columns of a table

Jo Join ( (Relational e at o a Jo Join): ) This s pe pertains ta s to t the e

merging of two tables on the basis of values in the common columns of these tables

AttributeDatabaseQuery

Select by Attributes Select by Location

AttributeDatabaseQuery
UsingtheFindtool Hyperlinks IdentifyTool Find

SelectByAttributes
Select tool Select by attribute

Technique/Operation BooleanOperators

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SelectByAttributeswithSQL ComplexQueries
Selectbyattributesallows

youtodefinecomplex queriesthatarebasedon morethanoneattribute Example: Soilstype:Ab and Acreage:>10

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SelectByLocation

With the Select By Location dialog box, you can select features based on their location relative to other features Suppose you want to know how many homes were For instance, if you mapped the flood boundary, you could

affected by a recent flood

then select all the homes that are within this area

By combining queries, you can perform more complex searches. For example, suppose you want to find all the customers who live within a 20 20-mile mile radius of your store and who made a recent purchase so you can send them a promotional mailing You would first select the customers within this radius

(select by location) and then refine the selection by finding those customers who have made a purchase within the last six months according to a date-of-last-purchase attribute (Select by Attributes)
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SelectByLocation
SpatialQuery Usefeaturesin onelayerto selectfeatures inanother

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SelectByLocation
Show camps at North

Cascades National Park that are within 500 meters of a road

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SelectByLocation

Thereareanumberofselectionmethods available:
Intersects Contain Arecontainedby Sharesalinesegment Sharesapoint Withinadistanceof Areidenticalto Others
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BuildingaDefinitionQuery

Basedonlayerproperties Differentfromaselection:
Definitionqueryonlydisplaysqueriedfeatures

(subsetoforiginaldata)

Selectiondisplaysallfeaturesandhighlights

selectedfeatures

Doesnotaffectsource

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DefinitionQuery
OnlyshowGasHousepastureatTallgrass Prairie

NationalPreserve

Before

After
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FeatureBasedTopologicalFunctions

Therearefourtypesoftopologicalrelationships:
Connectivity C ti it Contiguity/Adjacency Direction Containment

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FeatureBasedOverlayAnalysis
Featurebased overlay analysis are used to find the

relationship between individual features of one l layer and d those h of f another h layer l
Map overlay addresses the relationship of the

intersection and overlap between spatial features

Map overlay combines the spatial and attribute

data of two input themes

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FeatureBasedOverlayAnalysis
Determinationofcustomerlocationswithindifferent

saleterritoriesinmarketanalysis Location,allocationanalysisofhospitals FireStations Socialorcommunityfacilitiesinplanning

point i tin i polygon l points i t areoutput t t lineinpolygonlinesareoutput polygoninpolygonpolygonsareoutput

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BufferAnalysis
Buffering is used to identify a zone of interest around

an entity, or set of entities

If a point is buffered a circular zone is created Buffering lines and areas creates new areas Buffer zones may be fixed or of

according to feature attributes

varying width

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Buffersappliedtopoints,linesandpolygons

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THANKYOU

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