MBB 1 lecture June 11, 2013

Bio biology the science of life Technology tools and techniques for a purpose
Coined by Karl Ereky in

1919

[A]ny technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms, to make or modify a product, improve plants or animals, or to develop microorganisms for specific uses.
The Office of Technology Assessment of the US Congress

Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use
- UN Convention on Biological Diversity

 The use of living organisms or their products to

modify human health and the human environment

http://www.rgp.ufl.edu/is/biotechnology/images/biotech_main.png

Disciplines of biotechnology
http://www.fz-juelich.de/ibt/datapool/general/biotechnology.gif

 Ancient biotechnology

Pre 1800 1800 to mid 1900s 1950s to present

Classical biotechnology

Modern biotechnology

 Domestication and agriculture: 10,000 yrs ago Artificial selection

Robert S. Peabody Foundation for Archaeology

p. 3

Today

7000 yrs ago

Ancient teosinte (left) corn's ancestor did not have large ears hard, nut-like kernels distributed in small, feathery cobs over tertiary branches
Modern corn (maize) (right) comes in many varieties have ears that contain many soft kernels.
http://www.koshlandsciencemuseum.org/exhibitdna/crops02.jsp

Photos courtesy of John Doebley

Hinny vs mule Donkey X horse

 Slow paced
Crossing limited to closely-related varieties Unpredictable combination of traits

Gene cloning or Molecular cloning or Genetic engineering or Genetic manipulation or rDNA technology (Recombinant DNA technology)

Speed
Precision

Unlimited donor-recipient of genes

Novel products Mass production

 Pharmaceuticals and medicine Agriculture

Industry Forensics

 According to organism involved:

Microbial Plant

Animal

Recombinant Streptomyces bacteria designed can produce enzymes called cellulases

can break down cellulose on the

way to producing ethanol

Credit: NREL/U.S. Dept. of Energy/Photo Researchers

Barley plant
head transformed with a

gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP) using the gene gun The red head is untransformed; the green head is transformed.

Native

Genetically modified

http://www.glofish.com/images/glofish_005_std.jpg

http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~wmm024/images/pills.jpg
http://www.rcsed.ac.uk/journal/svol2_2/2703-Fig-6.gif

http://www.achema.de/img/achema_/aufraeumen/w_intro.jpg

http://campus.queens.edu/faculty/jannr/Genetics/images/dnatech/fluorescentTobacco.jp g

http://www.mikesjournal.com/August%202006/Genetically%20 modified%20corn.jpg

Luciferase-expressing tobacco plant