ALGEBRA PROJECT

UNIT 2

REAL NUMBERS
REAL NUMBERS
Lesson 1 Rational Numbers on the Number Line
Lesson 2 Adding and Subtracting Rational Numbers
Lesson 3 Multiplying Rational Numbers
Lesson 4 Dividing Rational Numbers
Lesson 5 Statistics: Displaying and Analyzing Data
Lesson 6 Probability: Simple Probability and Odds
Lesson 7 Square Roots and Real Numbers
RATIONAL NUMBERS
on the
NUMBER LINE
Example 1 Identify Coordinates on a Number Line
Example 2 Graph Numbers on a Number Line
Example 3 Absolute Value of Rational Numbers
Example 4 Expressions with Absolute Value
Name the coordinates of the points graphed on the number
line.

The dots indicate each point on the graph.

Answer: The coordinates are {–9, –7, –6, –3}.

Name the coordinates of the points graphed on the number
line.

The bold arrow on the graph indicates that the graph continues
infinitely in that direction.

Answer: The coordinates are {11, 12, 13, 14, …}.

Name the coordinates of the points graphed on each
number line.

a.

Answer: {6, 9, 11, 12}

b.

Answer: {–0.5, 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, …}

Graph .

Answer:
Graph {–1.5, 0, 1.5, …}.

Answer:
Graph {integers less than –6 or greater than or
equal to 1}.

Answer:
Graph each set of numbers.

a. {–5, 2, 3, 5}
Answer:

b.

Answer:
c. {integers less than or equal to –2 or greater than 4}

Answer:
Find .

unit from 0 in the negative direction.

Answer:
Find .

0.25 is 0.25 unit from 0 in the positive direction.

Answer:
Find each absolute value.

a. Answer:

b. Answer: 6.3
 Replace y with 12.

Answer: Simplify.
Answer: 10
ADDING and SUBTRACTING
RATIONAL NUMBERS
Example 1 Use a Number Line to Add Rational Numbers
Example 2 Add Rational Numbers
Example 3 Subtract Rational Numbers to Solve
a Problem
Use a number line to find .

–5
+8

Step 1 Draw an arrow from 0 to 8.

Step 2 Then draw a second arrow 5 units to the left to
represent adding –5.
Step 3 The second arrow ends at the sum 3.

Answer:
Use a number line to find .

–4 –1

Step 1 Draw an arrow from 0 to –1.

Step 2 Draw a second arrow 4 units to the left.
Step 3 The second arrow ends at the sum –5.

Answer:
Use a number line to find each sum.

a. Answer: –3

b. Answer: –9
Find .

Subtract the lesser absolute

value from the greater
absolute value.

Since the number with the

greater absolute value is
–14, the sum is negative.
Answer:
Find .

Both numbers are negative,

so the sum
is negative.

Answer:
Find each sum.

a. Answer: –17

b. Answer:
Stocks In the past year, a publishing company’s stock went
from $52.08 per share to $70.87 per share. Find the change
in the price of the stock.
Explore The stock price began at $52.08 per share and ended
at $70.87. You need to determine the change in price
for the year.
Plan Subtract to find the change in price.

ending price minus beginning price

70.87 52.08
Solve

To subtract 52.08, add

its inverse.

Subtract the absolute

values.

The absolute value of

70.87 is greater, so
the result is positive.
Answer: The price of the stock changed by $18.79.

Examine The problem asks for the change in a stock’s price in

the past year. Since the change in price was positive,
the price increased. This makes sense since the
ending price is more than the beginning price.
Stocks The stock in a company went from $46.98 to $35.09
over a one-month period. Find the change in price for the
stock.

Answer: –$11.89
 MULTIPLY
RATIONAL NUMBERS
Example 1 Multiply Integers
Example 2 Simplify Expressions
Example 3 Multiply Rational Numbers
Example 4 Multiply Rational Numbers to Solve
a Problem
Example 5 Evaluate Expressions
Find (–8)(–6).

same signs → positive product

Answer: 48
Find (10)(–11).

different signs → negative product

Answer: –110
Find each product.

a. (–4)(8) Answer: –32

b. (–6)(–12) Answer: 72
Simplify the expression

Associative Property (×)

Substitution

Distributive Property

Answer: Simplify.
Simplify the expression

Answer: 3x
Find

same signs → positive product

Answer:
Find

Answer:
Stocks The value of a company’s stock dropped by $1.25 per
share. By what amount did the total value of the company’s
stock change if the company has issued 500,000 shares of
stock?
To find the change in the total value of the company’s stock,
multiply the price lost per share by the number
of shares.

different signs → negative product

Answer: The total value of the company’s stock changed by

–$625,000.
Construction A construction project is stopped by a winter
storm. For every day that they are unable to work, the
company loses $35,000. If the storm keeps them from
working for 4 days, how much money do they lose?

Answer: –$140,000
 Substitution

Answer: same signs → positive product

Answer:
 DIVIDE
RATIONAL NUMBERS
Example 1 Divide Integers
Example 2 Simplify Before Dividing
Example 3 Divide Rational Numbers
Example 4 Divide Rational Numbers to Solve a Problem
Example 5 Simplify Algebraic Expressions
Example 6 Evaluate Algebraic Expressions
Find .

Answer: positive quotient

Find .

Divide.

Answer: negative quotient

Find each quotient.

a. Answer: 20

b. Answer: –15
Simplify

Simplify the numerator first.

Multiply.

Answer: different signs →

negative quotient
Simplify

Answer: 3
Find .

Answer: Use a calculator.

different signs →
negative quotient
Find .

Multiply by the reciprocal

of

Answer: same signs → positive quotient

Find each quotient.

a. Answer: 15.3

b. Answer:
Baseball The perimeter of a square baseball diamond is 360
feet. Find the length of one side of the diamond.

To find the length of one side, divide the perimeter by the

number of sides.

same signs → positive quotient

Answer: The length of one side is 90 feet.

The perimeter of a triangular building is 450 feet. Find the
length of each side.

Answer: 150 feet

Simplify

The fraction bar

indicates division.

Multiply by

the reciprocal of 13.

 Distributive Property.

Answer: Simplify.
Simplify

Answer:
Evaluate if w = 2, x = –9.1 and y = 4.

Replace w with 2, x with –9.1 and

y with 4.

Find the numerator and denominator

separately.

Answer: Use a calculator.

different signs → negative quotient
Evaluate if s = 2.3, t = 5 and u = –4.

Answer: –14.375
 STATISTICS
DISPLAYING and ANALYZING
DATA
Example 1 Create a Line Plot
Example 2 Use a Line Plot to Solve a Problem
Example 3 Create a Stem-and-Leaf Plot
Example 4 Back-to-Back Stem-and-Leaf Plot
Example 5 Analyze Data
Example 6 Determine the Best Measure of
Central Tendency
Draw a line plot for the data.
11 –2 10 –2 7 2 7 4 9 0 6 9 7 2 0 4 10 7 6 9

Step 1 The values of the data range from –2 to 11, so

construct a number line containing these values.
Step 2 Then place an × a number for each
time it occurs.
Draw a line plot for the data.
3 5 7 6 0 –4 6 4 7 0 0 –2 3 7

Answer:
Traffic The highway patrol did a radar survey of the
speeds of cars along a stretch of highway for 1 minute.
The speeds (in miles per hour) of the 20 cars that passed
are listed below.

72 70 72 74 68 69 70 72 74 75
79 75 74 72 70 64 69 66 68 67
Make a line plot of the data.
The lowest value is 64 and the highest value is 79, so use a scale
that includes those values. Place an × above each value for each
occurrence.
Answer:
Which speed occurs the most frequently?

Answer: Looking at the line plot, we can easily see that 72

miles per hour occurs most frequently.
Family Size Students in Mrs. Barrett’s class listed the
number of family members in their households below.

6 4 8 3 3 5 4 4 3 5 5 2 5 6 3 5 6 2 4 4 4
a. Make a line plot of the data.

Answer:

b. Which family size occurs the most frequently?

Answer: 4
Use the data below to make a stem-and-leaf plot.

85 115 126 92 104 107 78 131

114 92
85 116 100 121 123 131 88 97 99
116
79 90 110 129 108 93 84 75 70
The greatest
132 common place value is tens, so the digits in the tens
place are the stems.
Answer: Stem Leaf
7 0589
8 4558
9 022379
10 0478
11 04566
12 1369
13 112
Use the data below to make a stem-and-leaf plot.

3 5 7 11 10 15 21 11
13 25 32 37 21 10 12

Answer: Stem Leaf

0 357
1 0011235
2 115
3 27
Weather Monique wants to compare the monthly average
high temperatures of Dallas and Atlanta before she decides
to which city she wants to move. The table shows the monthly
high temperatures (°F) for both cities.

Monthly Average
High Temperature
Dallas Atlanta
54 59 68 77 50 55 64 72
83 91 95 95 75 85 88 87
87 78 66 57 81 72 63 54
Make a stem-and-leaf plot to compare the data.
To compare the data we can use a back-to-back stem-and-leaf
plot. Since the data represent similar measurements, the plot
will share a common stem.
Answer: Dallas Stem Atlanta
9 7 4 5 0 4 5
8 6 6 3 4
8 7 7 2 2 5
7 3 8 1 5 7 8
5 5 1 9
What is the difference between the highest average
temperatures in each city?

Answer: 95 – 88 or 7°
Which city has higher average temperatures?

Answer: Looking at the temperatures of 80 and above,

we can see that Dallas has a higher number of average
temperatures above 80°.
Ms. Smith wants to compare the final grades for two of
her classes. The table shows the scores for both classes.

Class A Class B
87 96 99 76
81 51 62 57
92 98 77 83
76 75 72 85
71 64 69 91
a. Make a back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot to compare the
data.

Answer: Class A Stem Class B

1 5 7
4 6 2 9
6 5 1 7 2 6 7
7 1 8 3 5
8 6 2 9 1 9
b. What is the difference between the highest score
in each class?

Answer: 1 point

c. Which class scored higher overall for the

grading period?

Answer: Class A
Which measure of central tendency best represents the
data?

Stem Leaf
4 11244458
5 0
6 257
7 39
8 1
Determine the mean, median, and mode.
The mean is about 5.5. Add the data and divide by 15.

The median is 4.8. The middle value is 4.8.

The mode is 4.4. The most frequent value is 4.4.

Answer: Either the median or the mode best represent
the set of data since both measures are located in the center of
the majority of the data. In this instance, the mean is too high.
Which measure of central tendency best represents the
data?
Stem Leaf
1 011568
2 378
3 2
4 6
5 459
Answer: The mean is about 2.9. The median is 2.5. The mode is
1.1. Either the mean or median can be used to represent the data.
The mode is too low.
Politics The number of electoral college votes for the 12 most
populous states in the 2000 Presidential election are listed
below. Which measure of central tendency best represents
the data?

21 22 18 23 15 25
14 32 13 33 13 54
The mean is about 23.6. Add the data and divide by 12.
The median is 21.5. The middle value is 21.5.
The mode is 13. The most frequent value is 13.
Answer: Either the mean or median can be used to best
represent the data. The mode is too low.
The number of points scored by the basketball team during
each game in the season is listed below. Which measure of
central tendency best represents the data?

48 45 52 63 59 64 67 72 58
51 81 62 73 68 82 73 70 65

Answer: Either the mean or the median can be used to best

represent the data. The mode is too high.
SIMPLE PROBABILITY
and
ODDS
Example 1 Find Probabilities of Simple Events
Example 2 Odds of an Event
Example 3 Odds Against an Event
Example 4 Probability and Odds
Find the probability of rolling a number greater than 2
on a die.
There are six possible outcomes. Four of the outcomes are
favorable. That is, four of the six outcomes are numbers
greater than two.
4 numbers greater
than 2

Sample space: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

6 possible
outcomes

Answer:
A class contains 6 students with black hair, 8 with brown
hair, 4 with blonde hair, and 2 with red hair. Find
P(black).
There are 6 students with black hair and 20 total students.
number of favorable outcomes
number of possible outcomes

Simplify.

Answer: The probability of selecting a student with black

hair is
A class contains 6 students with black hair, 8 with brown
hair, 4 with blonde hair, and 2 with red hair. Find P(red
or brown).

There are 2 students with red hair and 8 students with brown
hair. So there are 2 + 8 or 10 students with red or brown
hair.

number of favorable outcomes

number of possible outcomes

Simplify.
Answer: The probability of selecting a student with red

or brown hair is
A class contains 6 students with black hair, 8 with brown
hair, 4 with blonde hair, and 2 with red hair. Find P(not
blonde).
There are 6 + 8 + 2 or 16 students who do not have blonde
hair.
number of favorable outcomes
number of possible outcomes

Simplify.

Answer: The probability of selecting a student who does

not have blonde hair is

a. Find the probability of rolling a
number less than 3 on a die.

Answer:

b. A gumball machine contains 40 red gumballs, 30 green

gumballs, 50 yellows gumballs, and 40 blue gumballs.
Find P(red).

Answer:
c. A gumball machine contains 40 red gumballs, 30 green
gumballs, 50 yellows gumballs, and 40 blue gumballs.
Find P(green or yellow).

Answer:

d. A gumball machine contains 40 red gumballs, 30 green

gumballs, 50 yellows gumballs, and 40 blue gumballs.
Find P(not blue).

Answer:
Find the odds of rolling a number greater than 2.
There are six possible outcomes, 4 are successes and 2 are
failures.
4 numbers greater
than 2

Sample space: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
2 numbers
less than or
equal to 2
Answer: The odds of rolling a number greater than
Find the odds of rolling a number less than 4.

Answer:
A card is selected at random from a standard deck of
52 cards. What are the odds against selecting a 2 or 3?

There are four 2s and four 3s in a deck of cards, and there

are 52 – 4 – 4 or 44 cards that are not a 2 or a 3.

number of ways not to pick

a 2 or 3
number of ways to pick
a 2 or 3

Answer: The odds against selecting a 2 or 3 are 11:2.

A card is selected at random from a standard deck of
52 cards. What are the odds against selecting a 5, 6, or
7?

Answer: 10:3
Travel Melvin is waiting to
board a flight to Washington,
D.C. According to the airline, the flight he is waiting for is on
time 80% of the times it flies. What are the odds that the
plane will be on time?
The probability that the plane will be on time is 80%, so the
probability that it will not be on time is 20%.

odds of the plane being on time

Answer: The odds that the plane will be on time are 4:1.
If the probability that it will snow this weekend is 70%, what
are the odds that it will snow?

Answer: 7:3
SQUARE ROOTS
and
REAL NUMBERS
Example 1 Find Square Roots
Example 2 Classify Real Numbers
Example 3 Graph Real Numbers
Example 4 Compare Real Numbers
Example 5 Order Real Numbers
Example 6 Rational Approximation
Find .

represents the positive and negative square

roots of
Answer:
Find .

represents the positive square root of 0.0144.

Answer:
Find each square root.

a. Answer:

b. Answer: 0.6
Name the set or sets of numbers to which
belongs.

Answer: Because , which is

neither a repeating nor terminating decimal, this number is
irrational.
Name the set or sets of numbers to which
belongs.

Answer: Because 1 and 6 are integers and

, which is a repeating decimal,
the number is a rational number.
Name the set or sets of numbers to which
belongs.

Answer: Because this number is a

natural number, a whole number, an integer and
a rational number.
Name the set or sets of numbers to which –327 belongs.

Answer: This number is an integer and a

rational number.
Name the set or sets of numbers to which each real number
belongs.

a. Answer: rationals

b. Answer: naturals, whole, integers,

rationals
c. Answer: irrationals

d. Answer: integers, rationals

Graph .

The heavy arrow indicates that all numbers to the left of 8 are
included in the graph. The dot at 8 indicates that 8 is included
in the graph.
Graph .

The heavy arrow indicates that all the points to the right of –5
are included in the graph. The circle at –5 indicates that –5 is
not included in the graph.
Graph each solution set.

a.

Answer:

b.

Answer:
Replace the • with <, >, or = to make the
sentence true.

Since the numbers are equal.

Answer:
Replace the • with <, >, or = to make the
sentence true.

Answer:
Replace each • with <, >, or = to make each
sentence true.

a. Answer: <

b. Answer: <
Write in order from least

to greatest. Write each number as a decimal.

or about 2.4495
 or about 2.4444

Answer: The numbers arranged in order from least to

greatest are
Write in order from least

to greatest.

Answer:
Multiple-Choice Test Item

For what value of x is true?

A –5 B 0 C D 5

Read the Test Item

The expression is an open sentence,

and the set of choices is the

replacement set.
Solve the Test Item
Replace x in with each given value.

False; and are not real numbers.

B

False; is not a real number.

C

Use a calculator.
0.447214 < 1 < 2.236068 True
D

Use a calculator.
2.236068 < 1 < 0.447214 False

The inequality is true for

Answer: The correct answer is C.

Multiple-Choice Test Item

For what value of x is true?

A 3 B –3 C 0 D

Answer: A
THIS IS THE END
OF THE SESSION
BYE!