Raquio, Beverly Jade A. 1. What are the 4 Ways of Knowing?

Carper's four ways of knowing refers to the practice of identifying and implementing four distinct ways of knowing, which include empirical, ethical, aesthetic and personal. Originally, Carper developed the ways of knowing to address issues in healthcare for nursing practitioners to use while treating patients. Carper's four ways of knowing addresses the criticism of using only empirical, or scientific, ways of knowing for treating patients and providing for them while they are ill by broadening the scope of knowledge used to provide treatment. While the four ways of knowing remain important and relevant to healthcare providers.

2. Describe how the computer contributes to the ways of knowing in nursing. Carper's four ways of knowing is sometimes applied to areas and disciplines outside of healthcare and nursing. Empirical knowledge refers to knowledge that is arrived at through external sources, which include scientific processes. What makes this knowledge empirical is that is it is possible to verify it empirically, or through observation and inquiry. Things that are empirical include measurements, descriptions of diseases, medicine and medicinal practices. By detailing four ways of knowing, Carper's typology broadens nursing practice to include the other ways of knowing in addition to the empirical. Ethical knowledge refers to attitudes and knowledge gained from and surrounding moral choices. It includes practitioners' and patients' moral values, obligations and desired ends. This knowledge arises from moral and philosophical frameworks through which individuals make moral choices. Aesthetic knowledge refers to practical action in an immediate context. The word aesthetic is used in this sense to mean what is happening at present and it does not refer to the more common meaning of knowledge relating to the study of art and considerations of beauty. This knowledge is the practitioner's awareness of the patient's situation and the actions the practitioner takes. Personal knowledge refers to the relationship between the practitioner and the patient. It is related to the ability of the practitioner to empathize and to imagine the position of the patient. This allows the practitioner to gain a better understanding of the patient.

3. What examples can you think of in which your current knowledge had to be replaced with new knowledge? I think the current knowledge that had to be replaced with the new knowledge is further main tasks of nurses comprise medication administration, care coordination, and patient care activities. Several of these actions provide themselves fit to computerization. in reality, various of these activities, when automatic, convey synergies to the nursing process. For example, automated nursing documentation allows nurses to realign and trail the care processes, focusing on improving outcomes by implementing suitable nursing care for known problems. Automation of documentation is probably with nurse rounding tools. Each day, hospital nurses "round" on their patients as well as collect a many of information about their status- at their bedside. Alike to the most basic nursing computer applications that relied

on punch-cards, further recent versions of these software packages may include a tablet that allows a nurse to quickly document the status of each patient, at the patients bedside. By more quickly and accurately allowing a nurse to take care of responsibilities related to documentation, more time is afforded to the nurse to focus on direct patient care. 4. Using the definitions of nursing informatics, create your own nursing informatics definition that would apply to your clinical practice. Nursing informatics is an intended to support the management as well as dealing out of nursing records, information plus knowledge to sustain the practice of nursing along with the delivery of nursing care. 5. What implications for nursing does healthcare informatics have? The study of the management as well as handing out of nursing records, information along with knowledge nursing informatics is well thought-out an essential component of the science of nursing moreover not just a branch of computer science or information science applied to nursing. This principle is based on the truth that data plus information are symbolic representations of the phenomena through which nursing is concerned, capability in problem structuring is field detailed along with algorithms also heuristics used in solving domain problems are unusual to nursing.