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ODA010001 Network Fundamental and OSI Reference Model

ISSUE 1.0
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This slides will introduce network basic knowledge and ISO OSI Reference Model.

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Upon completion of this course, you will be able to: Understand architecture of network Know basic conception of LAN and WAN Grasp ISO OSI reference model

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Chapter 1 Network Overview

Chapter 2 OSI Reference Mode

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Network Overview
Network Definition LAN and WAN Network Topology Standard Organizations

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Computer Network

SOHO

Intranet Server

Internet

IP Hotel

Wireless
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Network Protocols
5
4 3 2

5
4 3 2

Network protocols are formal descriptions of equipment

communication rules.
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TCP/IP Protocol Stack

TCP/IP Protocol Stack

1
Hello! Can I speak TCP/IP?

Perfect! I understand TCP/IP.

Source Host A

Destination Host B

Evolution of Network
Host
Simple Connections

1960s 1970s
Network based Connections

Low speed lines Host Network

1970s 1980s
Intra-Network Interconnection

Host

1980s

WAN

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LAN Definition
Definition of LAN:

It usually refers to the collection of the computer, printer, modem or other equipment that can be interconnected through some medium within several kilometers.
Characteristics:

Short distance, low delay, high bandwidth and reliable transmission.

Standard:

It describes the regulation of the protocol and sets the simplest performance collection.

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Common Equipment of LAN

Design Objective of LAN:

Run in a limited geographical area To connect PCs or workstations in local area High bandwidth and low delay

Provide local service

HUB

Switch

Router

ATM Switch

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WAN (Wide Area Network)

WAN:

Provide data communication service in a wide area.

Classification of WAN:

PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network

ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network

DDN: Digital Data Network X.25: Public Packet Switched Network Frame Relay ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode

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WAN Switching Mode

Circuit switch: circuit switch based on the telephone network

Advantage: low delay and transparent transmission Disadvantage: low ratio of network resources utilization
Packet switch: store and forward with packet as the unit

Advantage: multiplex
Disadvantage: bad real-time performance

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Commonly-Used Equipment in WAN

Design objective of WAN:

Run in a broad geographic area Provide public service Provide full-time or part-time connection

Connect physically separated, remote, even global equipments

Modem/CSU/DSU

Router

Wan Switch

Access Server

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Bandwidth and Delay

Definition of bandwidth: describes the information volume of

the network data transmitted from one node to any other

node at a fixed time. Bandwidth of the Ethernet: 10M, 100M and 1000M etc.; Various types of service bandwidth of WAN Delay: time of inter-node data transmission

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Common Network Topologies

Topology:

Bus, star and tree Ring and mesh

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Standardization Organization
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers (IEEE) America National Standard Institute (ANSI) Electronic Industries Association/Telecom Industries Association (EIA/TIA) International Telecom Union (ITU) INTERNET Action Board (IAB)

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Chapter 1 Network Overview

Chapter 2 OSI Reference Mode

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OSI Reference Model

OSI Model Architecture Physical Layer Data Link Layer Network Layer

Transport Layer
Session Layer, Presentation Layer and Application Layer

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OSI Reference Model

OSI RMOpen System Interconnection Reference Model

The Law of network world!

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OSI Reference Model

Advantages?

7 6 5 4

Application Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer Physical Layer

High Layers: In charge of data transmission between hosts.

Low Layers: In charge of data transmission in network.

2 1

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Functions of the Seven Layers

Provide communications between applications. Deal with data format problems. Establish, maintain and manage sessions.

7 6

Application Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer Physical Layer

5
4

Establish, maintain and manage end to end

connection.
Addressing and routing.

Provide link medium access and link management.2 Bit flow transmission.

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Peer Communication
Every layer communicates with its peer through the services

provided by the lower layer.

APDU Application Layer PPDU SPDU Application Layer

Presentation Layer
Session Layer Host A Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer Physical Layer

Presentation Layer
Session Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Host B

Segment
Packet

Frame
Bit

Data Link Layer Physical Layer

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Data Encapsulation
Data encapsulation and de-capsulation process.

Data H Data

Application Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer

Application Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer

H H H

Data Data Data

H H

Data

Transport Layer
Network Layer Data Link Layer

Transport Layer
Network Layer Data Link Layer

Physical Layer
Host Switch Router

Physical Layer
Server

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Physical Layer
Physical layer: defines the voltage, interface,

cable standard and transmission distance etc.

Physical layer cable:

Twisted pair : UTP , STP

Coaxial cable: thin, thick

Fiber Wireless radio: WLAN

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Physical Layer
LAN and Physical Layer

Cable standard:10Base-T, 100Base-T and 1000Base-SX etc.; Network equipment: repeater and hub etc.
WAN and Physical Layer

DTE equipment: router and terminal host etc.; DCE equipment: WAN switch and Modem etc.; Common interface:RS-232, V.24 and V.35 etc.

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Data Link Layer

Data Link Layer divided into two sublayer:

The LLC sublayer The MAC sublayer

The Function of Data Link Layer:

Physical address definition

Network topology Link parameter Error verification Physical media access Flow control (optional)

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MAC/Physical Address
24 bits
Vender Code

24 bits
Serial Number

00e0.fc01.2345 00e0.fc01.2345 Rom Ram

MAC address is composed of 48 bits. The vendor ID of Huawei

products is 0x00e0fc.

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LAN and Data Link Layer

IEEE802 Standard: the most popular LAN standard nowadays

IEEE802.1 Common LAN Conceptions IEEE802.2 Definition of LLC Sub-Layer IEEE802.3 Ethernet Standard

IEEE802.4 Token Bus Network

IEEE802.5 Token Ring Network
Ethernet switch

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WAN and Data Link Layer

WAN data link layer standard:

HDLC PPP ISDN

Frame Relay
WAN data link layer equipment

Modem and ISDN terminal adaptor CSU/DSU and WAN switch

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Network Layer
Application Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer
Addressing and Routing

Physical Layer

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Network Addresses
Network Address Host Address 8.2.48

IP Address
10.

Network Address

Host Address 0000.0c00.6e25

IPX Address
1aceb0b1.

The network layer address is composed of two parts: the

network address and the host address, which is globally unique.

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Routed Protocol and Routing Protocol

N1 N1.H1 N2.H1

N2 N1.H2

Routed protocolIP, IPX, etc Routing protocol: RIP, OSPF, IS-IS, BGP, etc;

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Connection-oriented and Connectionless service

Connection-oriented service: suitable for delay sensitive

application
set up connection data transmission disconnection
Connectionless service: suitable for delay permitted application

unnecessary to set up connection dynamically resources allocation

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Network Layer Protocol Operation

A B E Application Presentation

Router A Network
Data Link Physical

Router B Network
Data Link Physical

Router C Network
Data Link Physical

Session
Transport

Network
Data Link Physical

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Transport Layer
The Function of Transport layer:

segment upper layer data set up end to end connection transmit data from end to end

ensure the reliability of the data transmission

Transport layer protocol:

TCP, UDP for TCP/IP stack SPX for IPX/SPX stack

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End to End Communication

Transport Layer Virtual Circuit

WWW.HUAWEI.COM FTP.HUAWEI.COM

Host

Application

FTP

WWW

Transport

21 1028

Data

80 1027

Data

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Flow Control
Three method of flow control:

Buffering: burst data buffered, forward when idle. Source quench message: send the source quench message by ICMP windowing: use to control how many data be sent at one time

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Acknowledgement Technology
Transport Layer Virtual Circuit
Source Equipment Destination Equipment

Host Send 1,2,3

Host

Acknowledge 4 Send 4,5,6 Acknowledge 4 Send 4,5,6

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Upper Layer
Session layer protocol:

SQL, NFS and RPC etc.;

Presentation layer protocol:

ASCII, MPEG and JPEG etc.;

Application layer protocol:

Word processing, mail and electronic table etc.

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Summary

Basic knowledge of Computer network WAN , LAN, and their equipments. Topology of the networks OSI Reference Module The feature of every layer

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Thank You
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