F.

4 Sentence Writing
Adjective Clauses: An adjective clause is a group of words that works as an adjective, and thus it can modify a noun or a pronoun. An adjective clause DOES contain a subject and verb. (Note the difference between phrases and clauses.) The person live in that house is my brother. The person who lives in that house is my brother. The person living in that house is my brother. Combing 2 clauses with a relative pronoun The most commonly used relative pronouns are who, whom, whose + noun, which and that. They are used to represent the antecedent (i.e. they are pronouns in nature) and to bring out the clause to modify the antecedent at the same time. Using relative clauses is a good way to combine 2 sentences and to reduce the redundancy. Steps to form a relative clause: 1. Determine between 2 sentences which one is the main clause and which is the subordinate clause. Replace the repeated noun in the subordinate clause Step 4 Step 3 E.g. Meiling has a bike. I like the bike very much. (A bike in the 1st sentence and the bike in the 2 nd sentence refer to the same bike, so they are the repeated nouns.) Step 1 Step 2 Choose Meiling has a bike as the main clause. I like the bike very much. I like which very much I like which very much which I like very much Meiling has a bike which I like very much. 4. 2. 3. with a relative pronoun. If the relative pronoun is the subject of the subordinate clause, keep it at the beginning position whilst if the relative pronoun is not the subject of the subordinate clause, move it to the beginning position of the subordinate clause. Put the whole subordinate clause right behind the noun (the antecedent/the repeated noun) it modified.

Unscrambling 1. that / is there anything / belongs to me here

________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

2. is ever made on the subject of madness / that / it is the best film

________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. you dont have any reason / you should have a holiday / why ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. my grandfather was born in 1920 / Hong Kong was still a fishing port / when ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. had gone bankrupt / Mr. Lee / who / committed suicide yesterday ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. can speak English fluently / whose mother tongue / my aunt / is English ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

F.4 Sentence Writing

Possessive Relative Clauses: whose + noun 1. The student will get the extra points. The students homework is well done. The student whose homework is well done will get extra points. 2. The notebook is my diary. The cover of the notebook is green. The notebook whose cover is green is my diary. 3. I talked to the woman. Everybody envies her beautiful garden. I talk to the woman whose beautiful garden everybody envies. Relative Clauses Which Begin with Relative Adverbs 1. When represents in/on/at/during which (when which indicates time) For example: I remember a time in my childhood when (= during which) I spent my summer at my grandmothers house. 2. Where represents in/on/at/to/from which (when which indicates a place) For example: I usually shop at stores where (=in which) I can get good service. Why represents for which (when which indicates a reason) For example: The heavy rain was the reason why (=for 3. 2. c. b. 3. 1. which) I was late for school. The omission of the preposition presiding the relative pronoun (important concept for HKCE and HKAS) a. The part which I went is interesting. (the adj. cl. is from I went to a party.) The party to which I went is interesting. (more formal) The party which I went to is interesting. (less formal) The professor to whom I spoke is very friendly. (from I spoke to a professor.) Russia, to which this island belongs, is a big country. (from The island belongs to Russia.) Wrong relative pronoun When there is a preposition in front of the relative pronoun, we should use whom or which, and not who and that. a. Thats the young man about whom I told you. Thats the young man about who (or about that) I told you. Redundant of the pronoun in an adjective clause (important concept for HKCE and HKAS) a. b. I like the book which you gave it to me. He is the person whom everyone loves him.

Common Mistakes

Combining 1. I have visited a company. My sister was working for that company.

2. I crashed a mans car. The man flies into a rage.

3. I met Lucy. I fell in love with Lucy two years ago.

4. One day, our school team won the interschool debate championship.
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F.4 Sentence Writing

The day was unforgettable.

5. Coffee is my favourite. Coffee is said to have harmful substances.

6. I want to see the exhibition of those old paintings. Many of those old paintings were only found recently.