TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ORIENTATION DRILL PRESS

Function: The function of a drill press is to drill hoes with the aid of drill bits or cutters into various types of materials. (i.e.: wood, aluminum, steel, plastics, etc.)

Proper Use: The drill press is commonly used in conjunction with a drill press vise positioned on the table to securely hold the work being drilled, and protect the operator from injury. The use of various types of clamping devices may also be employed when the piece being drilled is too large for the vise. In any event ascertain that the piece being drilled is securely held in position. The speed selection is also important and dependent on the style or size of drill bit being used and the type and thickness of the material being drilled. Generally larger diameter bits are turned slower, and harder materials also require a slower rotational speed. Various types of cutting fluids may also be employed in order to prevent heat build-up. Ask your instructors for more details.

Safety Considerations and Operation: Ensure a clean work area. Remove jewelry or tie back long hair that may be caught by the machine (rings, necklace). Use the appropriate bit or cutter for the material being drilled. Ascertain the correct rotational speed for the material being cut. Secure the material to the drill press table via the vise or use of clamps. Remove the chuck key from chuck and secure table friction lock before starting the machine. Use the appropriate personal safety equipment for the task. (protective eyewear, footwear) Make sure all safety guards and covers are in place. A dust mask may be required for certain types of materials. (consult MSDS sheets) Do not exert excessive force when drilling; let the bit do the work. Be aware of heat build-up from the cutting operation. Use cutting fluid if required and avoid heat build-up. Wait for the drill to come to a complete stop before retrieving your work. Clean the area of debris after use with a brush. (not bare hands)

2 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ORIENTATION BAND SAW

Function: The function of a band saw is to cut various materials (i.e.: wood, aluminum, steel, plastics, etc.) into different shapes and curves. Its proper use is essential in order to avoid injury.

Proper Use: The band saw is a very versatile piece of shop equipment requiring your full attention during its operation. Always ensure that the piece being cut is being feed with both hands parallel to the cutting blade but never directly in front of the saw blade. This practice will ensure that an inadvertent slip will not bring your fingers into contact with the cutting blade. A slight downward force of the piece against the table will also keep the piece being cut from vibrating on the table. Most band saws are equipped with a tilting table enabling angled cuts. Some band saws are also equipped with speed control. Band saw blades come in a variety of sizes and cutting tooth patterns. Smaller thinner blades permit cutting a smaller diameter radius, but they also tend to track and wander more. The hook on the cutting teeth should always be pointing down towards the table. If not, do not attempt to use the equipment because the blade has been installed backwards.

Safety Considerations and Operation: Ensure a clean work area. Remove jewelry or tie back long hair that may be caught by the machine (rings, necklace). Use appropriate cutting blade for the material being cut. Ascertain the correct cutting speed for the material being cut. (if band saw has speed control) Make sure the tilting table bed friction lock is secure. Use the appropriate personal safety equipment for the task. (protective eyewear, footwear) Make sure all safety guards and covers are in place. Position the cutting height adjustment guard as close to the material height as practical. Ascertain correct tension and centering of the blade on the drive and tensioning wheels. A dust mask may be required for certain types of materials (consult MSDS sheets) Do not exert excessive force when cutting; let the blade do the work. Use cutting fluid if required and avoid heat build-up. Wait for the saw blade to come to a complete stop before retrieving your work. Clean the area of debris after use with a brush. (not bare hands)

Tools & Equipment Orientation J.04

3 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ORIENTATION TABLE DISC/BELT SANDER

Function: The function of the disc and belt sander is to shape various materials with the aid abrasive paper close to layout lines. (i.e.: wood, aluminum, steel, plastics, etc.)

Proper Use: Sanders are commonly use free-hand. There are however a few common guidelines that should be followed. The direction of rotation of the disc or bet should always be in a downward direction to the material being shaped. In other words the belt or disc should always be pushing the work piece against the table or material rest plate or stop. Most table sanders also have an adjustable tilt table for sanding at various angles.

Safety Considerations and Operation: Ensure a clean work area. Remove jewelry or tie back long hair that may be caught by the machine (rings, necklace). Use the appropriate type, size, and grit paper for the job. Ascertain the correct directional rotation for the position of the piece on the table. Use the appropriate personal safety equipment for the task. (protective eyewear, footwear) Make sure all safety guards and covers are in place. Remove any belt or disc adjusting tools before starting the sanding operation. Ascertain the sanding rest/table adjustment is correct and secure. Ascertain that both the disc is secure and the belt is tensioned and centered before pushing start. Make sure the machine is up to speed before starting the sanding. A dust mask may be required for certain types of materials (consult MSDS sheets) Be aware of heat build-up from the sanding operation. Do not exert excessive force when sanding; let the abrasive do the work. Clean the area of debris after use with a brush. (not bare hands)

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4 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ORIENTATION BENCH GRINDER

Function: The function of the bench grinder is to remove material from the work piece with the aid of an abrasive wheel. Most bench grinders are equipped with drives at each end of the electric motors armature thus permitting two rotating spindles for mounting the desired abrasive. The abrasive wheels are commonly various stones that may be coarse, medium, or fine. In addition it is not uncommon for wire wheels, polishing and or buffing discs to also be mounted on the grinder. An adjustable tool rest is provided on the grinder. Various specialized attachments such as chisel sharpening jigs may also be secured to grinders.

Proper Use: The bench grinder is a very flexible tool capable of performing many different tasks. The attachments and abrasives being employed dictate the proper usage of the equipment. In any event, the operator must always be aware of the position of the other rotating disc not being employed. Safety Considerations and Operation: Ensure a clean work area. Remove jewelry or tie back long hair that may be caught by the machine (rings, necklace). Long sleeves should be rolled up, neck ties removed. etc. Use the appropriate abrasive for the job. Always use the tool rest; after adjusting it to the desired angle and distance from the stone. Use the appropriate personal safety equipment for the task. (protective eyewear, footwear) Make sure all safety guards, shields, and covers are in place. A dust mask may be required for certain types of materials. (consult MSDS sheets) Be aware of heat build-up from the grinding operation. (gloves may be required) Do not attempt to grind small pieces without the aid of holding tools. (i.e. vise-grips) Do not exert excessive force when grinding. Never grind aluminum on a stone. When required true the stone with the appropriate tool. Clean the area of debris after use with a brush. (not bare hands)

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5 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ORIENTATION PART WASHER/DEGREASER

Function: The function of a parts washer is to clean/degrease items with the aid of various solvents and the use of cleaning brushes, and or scouring pads. Various types of materials (i.e.: aluminum, steel, plastics, etc.) may be cleaned with the appropriate cleaning agents/solvents.

Proper Use: The parts washer/degreaser by its very nature should always be used in a well ventilated area. The wash basin is usually equipped with an outlet nozzle and or flowing parts washing brush. There may be shut-off valve to select either.

Safety Considerations and Operation: Ensure a clean, well ventilated work area away from sources of possible ignition. Always be aware of the type of cleaning agent is in the parts washer. (some chemicals do not mix well and may cause unwanted or dangerous chemical reactions) Use the appropriate solvent/cleaning agent for the material being cleaned. Do not use the parts washer as a chemical storage dump. Do not use solvents with a flash point below 140 degrees F. Always wear eye, face, and hand protection. Match the hand protection with the solvent in use. Make sure the lid is secured in the up position when in use. Breathing protection may be required. (consult MSDS) sheets) Do not use this equipment in the vicinity of high temperature or open flame. Do not operate the machine without the fusible link intact. Clean the basin of debris after use with the brush. (not bare hands) Position the lid in the closed position and pump off when not in use. Disposal of the filters, solvents, and sludge must be done in an approved manner.

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6 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ORIENTATION ARBOR PRESS

Function: The function of the arbor press is to allow the operator to complete various light duty compression pulling and forming operations. This simple machine may be used for such tasks as the removal and installation or bearing races in tire rims.

Proper Use: The arbor press is of a simple rack and pinion design employing mechanical advantage to get the work done. The most important thing to keep in mind when using this piece of equipment is to ascertain that the piece being worked on is properly blocked. If not, it is very possible that the piece will crack or break under the load or slip out and cause injury to the operator.

Safety Considerations and Operation: Ensure a clean work area. Block up/support the piece being worked on in such a manner as to avoid damaging the piece or having it get spit out from the pressure applied. Use the appropriate personal safety equipment for the task. (protective eyewear, footwear) Make sure all safety guards and covers are in place. Do not exert excessive force when using the press, if it feels like its going to break it probably will. Clean the area of debris after use with a brush. (not bare hands)

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7 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ORIENTATION HYDRAULIC PRESS

Function: The function of the hydraulic press is to allow the operator to complete various heavy duty compression pulling and forming operations. This simple hydraulic machine equipped with a double acting actuator may be used for such tasks as the removal and installation or bearing races, hole punching with the appropriate dies in plate steel, bending, pulling, etc.

Proper Use: The hydraulic press is of a simple double acting hydraulic actuator design employing hydraulic force to get the work done. The most important thing to keep in mind when using this piece of equipment is to ascertain that the piece being worked on is properly blocked. If not, it is very possible that the piece will crack or break under the load or slip out and cause injury to the operator. Remember the load capacity is 50 tons, thats a lot of force.

Safety Considerations and Operation: Ensure a clean work area. Block up/support the piece being worked on in such a manner as to avoid damaging the piece or having it get spit out from the pressure applied. Use the appropriate personal safety equipment for the task. (protective eyewear, footwear) Make sure all safety guards and covers are in place. Clear the area of people before starting. Align the working piece with the cylinder before using. Maintain slack in the winch cable after adjusting table height, and make sure all the table pins are in position and secure. Lock the cylinder carriage before using. Do not exert excessive force when using the press, if it feels like its going to break it probably will. Never adjust the relief valve setting on the hydraulic system. Before starting the machine make sure the hydraulic lines are in good condition, high pressure hydraulic leaks can easily sever the skin. Clean the area of debris after use with a brush. (not bare hands)

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8 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ORIENTATION METAL CHOP SAW

Function: The Function of the chop saw is to cut metal tubing, extrusions, and angles at various lengths and angles.

Proper Use: The metal chop saw is equipped with a replaceable abrasive type cutting wheel or disc. The table of the chop saw is equipped with a clamping fixture, moveable to various angles, to allow for holding the material to be cut in position.

Safety Considerations and Operation: Ensure a clean work area. Remove jewelry or tie back long hair that may be caught by the machine (rings, necklace). Use the appropriate cutting disc for the material being cut. Secure the material at the desired angle to the table via the clamping fixture. Remove the cutting disc removal/installation tools before starting the machine. If cutting a long length of material make sure it is properly supported at both ends of the material to prevent injury to the operator. Never attempt to use the chop saw with damaged, cracked, or broken cut-off disc. Serious injury may be the result. Use the appropriate personal safety equipment for the task. (protective eyewear, footwear) Make sure all safety guards and covers are in place. A dust mask may be required for certain types of materials. (consult MSDS sheets) Be aware of heat build-up from the cutting operation. Do not exert excessive force when cutting; let the disc do the work. Wait for the chop saw to come to a complete stop before retrieving your work. Clean the area of debris after use with a brush. (not bare hands) Stow the chop saw in the down position when you are done with the machine.

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9 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ORIENTATION EINGINE CRANE

Function: The function of the engine crane is to raise/lower heavier loads into position, such as an engine, or propeller, so as they may be installed into aircraft, or test stands.

Proper Use: There are a huge variety of different styles of engine cranes necessitated by the various loads they must lift and to what height. In any event one should never exceed the load capacity of the crane, which can vary with extension length of the boom.

Safety Considerations and Operation: Ensure a clean work area especially in the intended path of the rollers if the load is to be moved. Make sure the load being lifted does not exceed the load rating of the crane for the boom extension position. The legs of the crane should extend at least as far or past the boom extension vertical lifting hook centre line to prevent the crane from tipping forward when under lifting load. Make sure and prevent anyone from being under or working under the crane when it is under operation. Before attempting to life or lower a load ascertain that all the friction bolts (legs, boom, etc.) are in place and secure. Position the chain on the lifting hook (equipped with a spring loaded one way tab) at the correct height and secure with appropriately rated bolt and nut. Use an appropriately rated lifting clevis for the load. Use the appropriate personal safety equipment for the task. (protective eyewear, footwear) Make sure all safety guards and covers are in place. When lowering the load via the use of the release valve, make sure the area is clear and rotate the valve very slowly. If moving the crane with a load this should be done with an adequate amount of people all briefed with the plan before starting to move. The load should also be lowered to the lowest practicable height to lower the center of gravity and prevent the crane from tipping. Remember to clear the path of the wheels on the crane before rolling the load.

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10 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ORIENTATION AIRCRAFT JACKS

Function: The function of lifting jacks is to raise and lower the aircraft for the various forms of checks, inspections and servicing.

Proper Use: Depending on the aircraft jacks may be used alone, in pairs, in pairs with the use of a tail stand, or in groups of three, or even four. It is important to note that sometimes jacks are not all that is required to raise or lower an aircraft safely. Some aircraft may also require the use of wing stabilizers, etc. Always consult the appropriate maintenance manual before attempting any lifting procedure with which you are unfamiliar. Many aircraft also have wind speed limitations if jacking an aircraft is to be accomplished outdoors.

Safety considerations and operation: Ensure a clean work area. Will the area under the jack support or shift under carrying the load. (Wood floor, gravel, etc.) Use the appropriately rated jack for the aircraft being lifted. Ensure that the lifting cup of the jack is of the appropriate size or shape. Before putting jacks into position ensure that the landing gear of the aircraft is down and locked by observing the 3 green lights in the cockpit. Ascertain that you position the jack directly under and vertical to the jack point. If removable airframe jack points are used ascertain they are correctly positioned and installed. One person should be positioned at each jack and raising should be accomplished in unison. Follow the directions of the jacking marshal. Once the aircraft is sufficiently raised to the appropriate height all safety locks and collars should be installed properly. (placard the cockpit appropriately, i.e.: landing gear, hydraulics if work in wheel well is being carried out) Before lowering an aircraft make sure the landing fear is both down and locked via cockpit indicators. (3 green lights) Lower the aircraft in unison. (loosen the relief valve slowly) Never position your hands between the jack ram cup and airframe jack pad. All jacks and personnel should be removed from under the aircraft followed by a call of all clear before attempting to bump the aircraft from a hung oleo. Clean the area of debris/fluid after use, and return jacks to appropriate area, chock aircraft.

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11 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ORIENTATION GROUND POWER UNIT G.P.U.

Function: The function of the G.P.U. is to provide aircraft with ground power for the use of troubleshooting, inspection procedures, testing and other maintenance procedures without depleting the ships onboard batteries. They may also be used for starting the aircraft for the same reason.

Proper Use: Proper use of a ground power unit may be found in the maintenance manual of the aircraft for which it is to be used on. Be aware the limitations for starting may be vastly different from those for various powering up of various aircraft subsystems. In all cases however, if the G.P.U. plug does not fit the receptacle for the aircraft do not attempt to use the G.P.U. by circumventing the plug.

Safety Considerations and Operation: Ensure a clean work area. Ensure the GPU is properly charged and serviced before use. Unplug/disconnect the GPU changing system before using it on the aircraft. Ensure the proper voltage/current selection for the aircraft is made. Consult with aircrew/maintenance personnel before applying power to the aircraft. Follow the aircraft manufacturers instructions for proper use of the GPU. Use the appropriate personal safety equipment for the task. (hearing, eyewear, footwear) Make sure all safety guards and covers are in place. Position the PU when in use on the aircraft in a conspicuous manner. (i.e.: away from the flaps down position if someone was to select flaps down) Chock the GPU or towing equipment in order to prevent inadvertent contact with the aircraft. Follow proper shutdown and removal of power from the aircraft as per the aircraft manual. Stow power cable properly and return equipment to its designated area. Return GPU to charge or as per company policy and procedures.

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12 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ORIENTATION SONIC/VIBRASONIC/ULTRASONIC CLEANERS

Function: The function of the above cleaners is to basically clean various types of parts more thoroughly and efficiently via the use of different. The manuals for each should be consulted before the use of the equipment. Be aware that the parts being immersed in the cleaning medium will be subjects to high frequency shaking. Only the parts prescribed to be cleaned in this method should be, as certain types of glues in filters for example may break down from the heat and or cleaning action.

Safety Considerations and Operation: Ensure a clean work area. Use the appropriate cleaning solution for the job. (Never put a part in the cleaner if you do not know what solution it contains) Ascertain the machine is off before putting parts or your hands in the solution. (Ultrasonic cleaners use very high frequency waves that cause irreparable damage to the connective tissues of the joints and or bones) Use the appropriate personal safety equipment for the task. (protective eyewear, gloves) Prepare\program the cleaner for the cleaning tasks (de-gas, temp., duration) as per instructions. See your instructor for more details. Make sure the lid is in place when the machine is in operation. A dust mask/breathing apparatus may be required for certain types of chemicals, (consult MSDS sheets) Be aware of heat build-up from the cleaning operation. Do not leave unattended for prolonged periods when in operation. Wait for the correct amount of time to pass before retrieving your parts. Never operate the cleaner without solution t his will damage the cleaner. Label the cleaner with the solution contained if not already present. Clean the area of debris after use with appropriate protective clothing if required. Always put the lid back on the machine when not in use.

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13 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ORIENTATION METAL SHEARS

Function: The function of a metal shear is to cut pieces of sheet aluminum or steel to the desired size. A table shear may operate through the use of hydraulic force actuated by a foot pedal, or simply by physical effort of the operator on a foot level. A shear is equipped with a cutting edge that may be removed for replacement/sharpening.

Proper Use: The use of the shear is both simple and straightforward. Remember that misuse of this equipment will cause costly and time consuming repair. Basically a piece of material to be cut is positioned in the shear and lined up on the cut line. If a power shear, the machine is turned on. The first action on the shear will be the holding fingers will first contact the piece of metal to be cut followed closely by the knife. Anything in the path of the holding fingers will be crushed, and anything in the path of the knife will be cut-off.

Safety Considerations and Operation: Ensure a clean work area. Remove jewelry or tie back long hair that may be caught by the machine (rings, necklace). Ascertain that the size and thickness of the material being cut is not in excess of the shears design limitations. Lay our piece of material on the table and sight it in along your cut line or use the scale on the 90 degrees edge of the table. Use the appropriate personal safety equipment for the task. (protective eyewear, footwear) Make sure all safety guards and covers are in place. A dust mask may be required for certain types of materials. (consult MSDS sheets) Do not exert excessive force when cutting. If so the piece is either too big or thick, or the equipment is out of adjustment. Always keep your hands clear of the moveable knife bed and holding fingers. Never reach behind the shear or allow someone else to while it is in operation. Get your work once the knife is returned to the up position and your foot is off the pedal. In the case of the power shear turn the hydraulics off before retrieving your piece. Replace used sheet stock to the appropriate area, small pieces should also be placed in a designated area as not to create interference with the shear or cause a slipping problem. Clean the area of debris after use with a brush. (not bare hands)

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14 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ORIENTATION BEVERLY SHEAR

Function: The function of a Beverly shear is to cut various materials such as aluminum sheet into smaller pieces. The advantage it has over the table shear is its ability to allow the cutting of sheet stock into curves and other more intricate shapes. It also easily permits a cut to be stopped at any point in the length of its stroke.

Proper Use: The use of the Beverly shear is simple. It is basically a curved knife on a small table. It very much resembles a set of tin snips on a larger scale with one stationary knife. Anything under the path of this knife on the down stroke will be severed.

Safety Considerations and Operation: Ensure a clean work area. Remove jewelry or tie back long hair that may be caught by the machine (rings, necklace). Ascertain that the size and thickness of the material being cut is not in excess of the shears design limitations. Lay our piece of material on the table and sight it in along your cut line or use the scale on the 90 degrees edge of the table. Use the appropriate personal safety equipment for the task. (protective eyewear, footwear) Make sure all safety guards and covers are in place. A dust mask may be required for certain types of materials. (consult MSDS sheets) Do not exert excessive force when cutting. If so the piece is either too big or thick, or the equipment is out of adjustment. Always keep your hands clear of the moveable knife bed and holding fingers. Never reach behind the shear or allow someone else to while it is in operation. Get your work once the knife is returned to the up position and your foot is off the pedal. In the case of the power shear turn the hydraulics off before retrieving your piece. Replace used sheet stock to the appropriate area, small pieces should also be placed in a designated area as not to create interference with the shear or cause a slipping problem. Clean the area of debris after use with a brush. (not bare hands)

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15 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ORIENTATION BRAKE

Function: The function of a metal brake is to bend sheet stock metals into various angles typically ranging from 1 to 160 degrees. This machine is commonly employed to fabricate z channels, hat sections, etc. The metal brake may or may not have interchangeable fingers with different radii to accommodate different types, alloys, and thicknesses of materials.

Proper Use: The metal brake is simple in its operation. Although there are many diverse forms it can take, they all typically require the operator to position the material along the sight line and then secure the sheet stock with the aid of the clamping arms. Then the tilting bed/lever is actuated that pushes the material up and bends it around the fingers of the brake.

Safety Considerations and Operation: Ensure a clean work area. Remove jewelry or tie back long hair that may be caught by the machine (rings, necklace). Use the appropriate radius fingers for the job and ascertain they are properly positioned and secured. Make sure all safety guards and covers are in place. Do not exert excessive force when bending. Do not position your fingers or other body parts under the fingers of the brake. Ensure that the size, thickness, and type of material being bent are within the limitations of the brake. Wait for the lifting bed to be fully down before unclamping and retrieving your work. Clean the area of debris after use with a brush. (not bare hands)

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16 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ORIENTATION ROLLER

Function: The function of a roller is to shape flat stock into a curve, radius, or cylindrical type shape such as the leading edge of a wing.

Proper Use: The metal to be curved should be inserted between the rollers and the handle turned in order to feed the piece into the machine. The adjustment screws for the roller should be made in small even increments followed by rolling between each in order to fabricate an even cylinder.

Safety Considerations and Operation: Ensure a clean work area. Remove jewelry or tie back long hair that may be caught by the machine (rings, necklace). Use the appropriate personal safety equipment for the task. (protective eyewear, footwear) Make sure all safety guards and covers are in place. Ascertain that the material and its thickness are within the capabilities of the roller. Do not exert excessive force during the rolling operation. Clean up the area after use.

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17 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ORIENTATION BEADING MACHINE

Function: The function of the beading machine is to roll a raised bead which imparts more rigidity to the piece being fabricated.

Proper Use: The beading machine is a simple hand operated gear driven mechanism employing sets of replaceable matched dies. The shape and size of the dies allow for different depth and profile beads. Most beading machines also have an adjustable fence to simplify a uniform bead distance from the edge of the material.

Safety Considerations and Operation: Ensure a clean work area. Remove jewelry or tie back long hair that may be caught by the machine (rings, necklace). Ascertain that the size and thickness of the material being beaded is not in excess of the beading machines design limitations. Lay your piece of material against the fence and butted up against the rolling dies, then simply turn the handle and guide the material through the dies. It is also possible to lower the dies onto the material without starting on the edge if required. Use the appropriate personal safety equipment for the task. (protective eyewear, footwear, gloves) Make sure all safety guards and covers are in place. Consult the manual for the proper tooling and procedure for changing the dies. The edges of the work piece should be in its final dimensions and de-burred to avoid injury. It will also give you a better looking end product. Do not exert excessive force when beading a piece of material it may take more than one pass. If so the piece is either too big or thick, or the equipment/dies are out of adjustment. Always keep your hands clear of the rolling dies while it is in operation. Replace used sheet stock to the appropriate area, small pieces should also be placed in a designated area as not to create interference with the shear or cause a slipping problem. Stow the handle in the down position. Store the dies in their appropriate area. Clean the area of debris after use with a brush. (not bare hands)

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18 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ORIENTATION HANDFORMER: STRETCHER/SHRINKER

Function: The function of the handformer is to shape metal sheets to the desired contour. The typical hand forming operations include stretching, shrinking, round or square hole punching, and bending. Each of the former operations requires the handformer to be equipped with the appropriate dies.

Proper Use: The handformer is a simple handle operated machine employing mechanical advantage to actuate the dies and form the material. To operate it, simply bring the work piece into position between the dies and press down slowly on the hand lever. When stretching or shrinking repeat the working stroke in series while simultaneously hand controlling the feed of the job in the desired work zone. Control the pressure of the handle for best results.

Safety Considerations and Operation: Ensure a clean work area. Remove jewelry or tie back long hair that may be caught by the machine (rings, necklace). Ascertain that the size and thickness of the material being formed is not in excess of the handformers design limitations. Use the appropriate personal safety equipment for the task. (protective eyewear, footwear, gloves) Make sure all safety guards and covers are in place. Consult the manual for the proper tooling and procedure for changing the dies. The edges of the work piece should be in its final dimensions and de-burred to avoid injury. It will also give you a better looking end product. Do not exert excessive force when forming a piece of material it will take more than one stroke. Excessive force will damage the equipment. Always keep your hands clear of the dies while it is in operation. Stow the handle in the up position so that the dies are not contacting each other. Store the dies in their appropriate area. Clean the area of debris after use with a brush. (not bare hands)

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19 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ORIENTATION SANDBLASTER

Function: The function of sandblasters and media blasters is to clean various types of surfaces with the aid of abrasive compounds. Various types of abrasives such as silica, glass beads, and plastic may be employed. The output nozzle and delivery pressure vary for each.

Proper Use: In order to properly use the sandblaster one should be familiar with the type of metal being sandblasted. For example O condition aluminum in the sandblaster will simply be deformed or holes actually blown through. The operator should also be aware that softer lighter materials will probably be deformed after sandblasting. In many instances this may have been avoided with the use of a plastic media blaster which employs lower pressures but higher volumes/min of abrasive compound.

Safety Considerations and Operation: Ensure a clean, well ventilated work area. Always be aware of what abrasive is in the sandblaster. Consult the manual for the proper regulator setting for the sandblaster. Ensure that the filtering system is operational and there is an adequate supply of abrasive compound in the hopper of the sandblaster before commencing. Open the door to the sandblaster and position your work piece inside the chamber, close the door. Turn the machine on and turn on the inside light. Insert your hand into the built in gloves. (Do not proceed if the gloves are torn or in poor condition) Grasp the discharge nozzle and point it at the work piece. Depress the foot pedal to begin the sandblasting operation. Never point the discharge nozzle at the interior light or glass pane. Work in an organized pattern and do not stay in one place too long. Release the pedal to stop the flow of abrasive. Many sandblasters also employ an air blast nozzle to clean the abrasive off of the sandblasted part. Lay your work piece and the nozzle down, turn the machine off, open the door and retrieve your work piece. Never operate the sandblaster with either of the access doors open. Clean the area of debris.

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20 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT ORIENTATION ENGLISH WHEEL

Function: The function of the English Wheel is to form metal sheet stock into compound curves. Like the fenders of VW beetle.

Proper Use: The metal to be formed is placed between the curved shaped rollers and manually worked back and forth by hand. The tension on the wheels is also constantly being adjusted during the process with the aid of a foot tensioner. Various profiles of interchangeable wheels may be employed to get a final end product.

Safety Considerations and Operation: Ensure a clean work area. Remove jewelry or tie back long hair that may be caught by the machine (rings, necklace). Use the appropriate personal safety equipment for the task. (protective eyewear, footwear) Make sure all safety guards and covers are in place. Ascertain that the material and its thickness are within the capabilities of the roller. Do not exert excessive force during the rolling operation. Clean up the area after use.

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