ABSTRACT PREFACE Praise and also thank goodness of Allah S.W.

T because of benediction writer can finish this handing out nick of time which have in determining. Events touch almost every aspect of our lives, be it the social, cultural, economic, environmental or political. The benefits arising from these positive connections are a large part of the reason for the popularity and support of events. These benefits are increasingly well documented and researched, and appropriate strategies developed to enhance event outcomes and optimize their benefits. However, events can also have unintended consequences that can bring them to public prominence and media attention for the wrong reasons. Events have a range of impacts both positive and negative on their host communities and stakeholders. This paper explain one of the main areas impacted by events, and writer choose the sphere of event is Physical and Environmental. And in this paper writer try to explain about the positive and negative impacts of physical and environmental event. In making of this handing out, writer get information from some magazine reference like VENUE, book of MICE, and writer also get information from website concerning the impacts of physical and environmental event. Writer wish to render thanks to Mrs. Mawar as Lecturer of English which have guided writer in making of this handing out, also various side which have assisted good writer of morale and material. At the end writer expect about criticism and suggestion developing perfection of this handing out. for the next

Jakarta, 15 January 2009

Writer

Negatif Impact
Environmental Damage In the past environmental regulations and land concessions were determined in Jakarta, often being out-of-step with the needs and risks in the outlying localities. However under Indonesias on going decentralisation process new powers to grant resource concessions and design environmental regulations have been given to the district level. This offers an opportunity to environmental management based on local input, which in turn would better protect local resources and support democratisation in Indonesia. Finally there is a need to strengthen peoples land tenure and economic rights (i.e. rights to fishing, water, accessing markets). In the past, the central government has retained the right to redistribute lands held by indigenous communities, with little or no compensation offered. This has undermined past development programs, and has made it less appealing for communities to engage in local improvements due to uncertainties over land tenure. Under the decentralisation process, there is a need and opportunity to work with village head, county administrations and district officials to apply the new district powers to the protection of local land and economic rights, thus reinforcing traditional tenure systems and encouraging local development over the long term. Most of the training and management capacities within Indonesias civil society sector are concentrated in NGOs based in Java and Bali. While these groups can provide excellent services to CBOs and communities in the outlying regions, they are too few in number and are too over worked to respond to all the needs. This is effectively slowing the process of community development across Indonesia, and particularly in the Eastern provinces, which lie the furthest away. It also concerning with event. There is many of stuff which is needed for holding an event. Its including the facilities and also the infrastructure of event, such as the main part is the building. The place that we use to make the event can be held. And for it, we need more of space (field) to build some building that suitable for creating an event. For it the peoples need to add and search a new field for provide a new building to support the develop of event industry for

being complete and match for holding every kind of event (MICE) and makes Indonesia be the right destination for MICE event. So to fill this eager,they need to damage the environment by logging the trees and destroy the green land become a business place, makes the balances of environment become destruction and many of forest less rapidly,because of it. National Land Cover Year 2003 The land cover year 2003 shows that the land cover was dominated by forest with 56% of the total area, followed by dry fields (19%), and bush and shrub (12%). The other types of land cover i.e. plantation, settlement, and open land only occupied less than 5% of the area. Therefore, it can be concluded that most of the Indonesias areas still covered by forest in the year 2003.

Table 1. National Land Cover Year 2003 Looking at the land cover in each island, the forested area mostly found in Papua (70%) and Kalimantan (53%), Java (23%), Sumatera (31%), Nusa Tenggara (48%) and Sulawesi (58%). Land cover in Java and Bali were dominated by dry field and rice field (35% of the total area). In Sumatera the land cover was dominated by dry fields (33%) and in Nusa Tenggara the shrub and bush dominated the land cover with almost 39% of the area.

National Land Cover Year 2005 In 2005, the national land cover was dominated by forest, cultivated land, and bush and shrub. The forest area comprises of 97,392,572 ha (51%), cultivated land 36,139,839 ha (19%), and bush and shrub 26,801,440 ha (14%). The percentage of settlement, rice field, forest estate, and Open land were not significantly different compared to the 2003 which those of the land cover types were less than 5%.

Table 2. National Land Cover Year 2005 In 2005, the land cover was dominated by cultivated land (33%) in Sumatera island. The percentage of forest areas in Papua (78%0 and Kalimantan island (52%) were not significantly different. The land cover condition in Nusa Tenggara consist of forest 2,458,901 ha and bush and shrub 2,174,061 ha. Because of the climate, most of the areas are suitable for grass and savannah. Almost the same condition was in Maluku where the land cover was dominated by forest and cultivated, but cultivation is a major agriculture. In Sulawesi, the land cover was dominated by forest 10,064,358 ha, cultivated land 4,745,789 ha, and bush and shrub1,869,729 ha. Due to Mountainous Topographic condition and poor soil, most of agriculture areas were dry fields. However, there are rice fields in flat areas. Considering total trend, the largest forest areas was in Papua. Sumatera comprises of the largest dry fields and plantation. Meanwhile Jawa island was dominated by settlement and Kalimantan island was dominated by bush and shrub.

Pollution The main problem that environmental developers is currently facing are the increasing of pollution. There are four kind of pollution, water pollution, air pollution, land pollution, and the last is voice pollution. In this era which is the technology become large with rapidly time by time makes so many effect for our environment of course. And not just the good impact that it gave but also the bad impact. We can give the example by using the effect that came from MICE industry. It still has connected with the environmental damage, the problem that we explained before this, because its one of the part of the environmental damage. By logging the trees or we can say destroy the wild life which is forest or free land, it makes the green environment become unbalance. And the impact of the unbalance of our environment is : 1. Water Pollution The pollution of surface water and underground water reservoirs are commonly caused by industrial, agriculture, and household activity. In the year 2004 there are around 9600 middle-to heavy industries that potentially can pollute surface water and underground water reservoirs. The amount decreases around 3% compared to the number of middle-to-heavy industries in 2001. Meanwhile the amount of small-scale industries with the potential to pollute surface water and underground water reservoirs is numbered at 134, the amount increases by 14% compared to2001. in East Java for example, to be exact, in the rivers of Surabaya, the parameters of BOD andCOD tends to increase, this matter is connected with the existence of 28 middle to heavy industries that have become a priority for pollution control. In metropolitan cities like Jakarta, Surabaya and Medan, the decrease in the river water quality isalso affected by the liquid waste from households. According to the 2004 census data from BPS,nationally there are still 22% of households that does not poses proper toileting, which in turn can potentially pollute public waters, 59% is located on Java Island alone. Besides that, nationally in the year 1999 the amount of buildings that is constructed on the river bed has

increased approximately 38% compared to the situation in the year 1996. The increasing numbers is an indication of the raising level of pollution from household wastes into the river. The amount of liquid domestic waste that entered the rivers inside the Jakarta area is estimated around 67,3 million m3 a year. 2. Air pollution Its happening also because of the unbalance of our environment. The decreasing of green land makes the circulation of the air become destruction. And the increasing of citizen, the technology, specially the increasing of transportation which is produced smoke that not healthy for us to breath become a pollution for our air. And for holding an event needs also transportation to bring all of the materials and to transit the peoples. And it makes the transportation growing fast because the needs of it always up and up. And not supported by the growing of environment for the balances. But it become less in every years. 3. Land pollution Land also polluted by us by the peoples who didnt think of the negative effect for our land. The waste that produced from events such as the food garbages, plastics, papers, and the others can also make the land become polluted if it does not put or throw in the right place ( garbage can) or we can recycle it become a new stuff that can using again.

Destruction of Heritage Heritage is a word with many meanings, most relating to its general interpretation as that which is inherited from the past (Herbert, 1995: xi). The term heritage has been used in relation to the natural world,referring to mountains and rivers, to buildings and monuments, the arts, and to social customs and traditions.A distinction is often made between natural heritage, which draws its qualities from nature, and places which.become heritage sites because they are associated with people or events, including historic buildings or monuments. However, geographers should be especially aware of the dangers of neatly separating and packaging heritage into two discrete entities, the human or built and the physical; a totally false dichotomy given the dynamic interrelationship between people and the landscape from the earliest times. The connecting of Heritage with Tourism Although heritage refers to the inheritance from the past, it has become very much an instrument of the present. In many countries, heritage has become almost inextricably linked with tourism. the global tourism industry has become more flexible and segmented, compared to the mass,standardised and rigidly packaged product of the previous few decades. Moulding heritage into a tourism product is one way of meeting this more diverse market. In the Irish context, heritage, both physical and cultural, is recognised by both Bord Filte and the Northern Ireland Tourist Board as one of the major cornerstones of the tourist industry. This is reflected in marketing at a local as well as national level (for example the promotional slogan for ArmaghDiscover the Legacy). In tourism the term heritage has come to mean not only landscapes, natural history, buildings, artefacts, cultural traditions and the like, which are either literally or metaphorically passed on from one generation to the other, but those among these things which can be portrayed for promotion as tourism products (Prentice, 1994: 312). Thus the term has expanded and is used increasingly for commercial purposes. Heritage and cultural sites have become an increasingly important element in the Irish tourism industry, as is reflected in plans to invest 125 million in Natural/Cultural Tourism under sub-programme 1 of the current Operational Programme for Tourism (1994-1999). The

programme recognises that, as a form of all-weather tourist facility, cultural and heritage sites have a crucial role to play in extending the tourism season. Culture is an important part of dynamic humans life. Basicly its involved everything as physical looks like ancients stuffs (historical goods),building, historical area, and everything that are non physics such as tradition, belief, behavior, and the way of think. And it is a heritage that we get from our ancestors. So we as their regeneration must keep and develop it. The Developing of culture must be condition as a vehicle to make the character and the real self of Indonesia, digging the social and intellectual of traditional peoples and life. The most problem that face by Indonesian peoples are less of defend of culture to face the changing of dynamical global that causes the values of internal culture become weak, as the impact of the eksternal values that come in to our country without filtration. One of indication that needs our attention is the careless of peoples (society) with the asset of culture that we have such it physical and the minimal of the understanding about the non physical culture. And the connection with the event is when we hold an event, especially international event that come from the outside of our country. For the example : Music concert ( west music) and Fashion show From a singer or band that come from foreign. They influence our peoples specially the young generation (young peoples) with their way of wearing, of how their socialitation, their behavior, their habit, their way of talking, and also their culture. Strategies for successful management of heritage and tourism The guiding principles for heritage management, as for other forms of tourism development, should be to minimise the overall impact on the environment, to benefit the host community, and to be sustainable. The emphasis on the exploitation of Irish scenery, heritage and culture to achieve short-term economic targets is misguided. Experience from other countries shows how inappropriate and uncontrolled development can effectively destroy the very assets on which the tourism industry depends. It is now realised that the goal should not be to increase tourist numbers at any price, but instead to prioritise higher-spending market

segments and extend the range and quality of tourist products so as to extract higher added value from the industry.

Noise Disturbance Noise disturbance is an effect that come out when we are holding an event. It happens because when we make an event, we use so many of equipment, heavy equipment, transportation (bus, car, etc) for bringing the materials that need for the event. So it makes the noise, and can disturbing the place living around the area of the event. And it becomes the negative impact of event. Events that are held at either open air sites or within lightweight buildings can cause disturbance to those living in the vicinity through the noise generated by the activity. The most common source of complaint is from music events but other activities can also cause problems. For example motor vehicles, fairground rides, tannoys and fireworks.The tourist boats were run by engines (the same type as in automobiles). Therefore, they generated loud noises, especially when compared to rowingboats. The villagers informed the researcher that they sometimes became annoyed by the noise of the motorboats but the level of disturbance was still acceptable. Some villagers stated that they already got used to the noise of the boats so that it did not disturb them whereas some villagers said that the noise was really disturbing. To minimise the disturbance and annoyance that can occur, the organiser should follow the appropriate guidance and codes of practice.The Event Guidance Pack includes advice for open-air events and for those inside buildings. And by reading and using the Event Guidance Pack, the organizer can learn much about how to minimize the disturbing of noisethat come out when they hold an event. Because it becomes the main thing that must be think and consider by the people who arrange the event.

Traffic Congestion Traffic congestion is being a part of the negative impact that come out when people making the event. Why? Because the needs of transportation to pick up the delegation ( peoples who join or the visitor of the event) and also bring the materials that needed for the event. Traffic congestion along coastal highways and beach access roads represents a serious threat to the quality of visitor experiences while visiting coastal resort areas. The results suggest that the two sample populations reduced their use of the corridor at the same rate. The data did suggest, however, that there were differences between across the samples with respect to the extent that visitors reported changing when they visited the corridor. Introduction Traffic congestion along coastal highways and beach access roads represents a serious threat to the quality of tourist experiences while visiting coastal resort areas. Nobody likes to be stuck in a traffic jam on the way to the beach. As a result, many tourists may chose to change the amount they visit the coastal resort areas or change when they visit in the future, in order to avoid the crowds, and some will abstain from visiting a particular coastal region all together. This behavioral adjustment to traffic congestion will be examined through the conceptual framework of recreational displacement. Recreational/tourist displacement has been defined as an adjustment in behavior to maintain satisfaction in response to changes in the social or environmental attributes of a destination. Displacement has the potential to impact both the quantity of recreation opportunities, as well as the quality of those opportunities provided. This in turn can have a substantial impact on coastal and regional economies (if tourist dont visit, they dont spend money). Recreational or tourist displacement research has primarily examined the relationship between changes in social conditions and the various forms of displacement. Few studies have

examined the relationship between displacement and overall satisfaction and no studies have used alternative methodologies to measure displacement from the same location. A brief review of some of the previous research methodologies for understanding recreation displacement suggest inherent difficulties in studying the behaviors and attitudes of recreationists who are not present at a displaced area. Early researchers mailed surveys to summer-season permit holders. Providing models for best practice Events have a function which are can giving the positif impacts for our physical and environment. Those things can be realited, absolutely by the awareness and the willing of peoples who involved in the event especially the organizers who the one created the events to make it happen. Now our environment is become destruction, especially causes by us, human who destroy the environment without thinks the risks.and its become a highlight issue which is an important problem that must solved. And the event industry is a place that can support all the things that connected with environment. We can publicate it to public as in international scope or national scope. We can spread the news for all peoples by events and can make them gathering, do some meeting or the others such exhibition, workshop, conference, convention, or concert to influence everyone by using it. Because events can interest many peoples to know, come, see, and get the information. So by using event as a wise to keep our land is a great idea and can be successful. For the examples, creating the events by using the theme of environment, earth, or land. And the events such that, that have held was : UNFCCC ( concern about the global warming that has increasing higher in every country) And the events that will hold soon : WOC (Word Ocean Conference), which is will be hold in Manado, Indonesia This Conference will concern about the world ocean and find decision about our ocean.

The others are by holding planting trees and holding events that introduce peoples to know deep about their land, how the condition of their land now, how to make it better, why it can happened, and the last is awaring them to keep it and love it.

Increasing environmental awareness

It same with the last point before, with making the event we can increasing the awareness of peoples to keep their environment. Awareness and Education on Rights, Responsibilities, and Impacts

The link between environmental law and social responsibility in the context of enforcement can best be illustrated through environmental education and public awareness initiatives. Public awareness and participation is important in all aspects of enforcement, not only in understanding basic environment and human rights, but also in fostering a sense of responsibility and proactive environmental citizenship. The following examples focus on environmental awareness raising, public participation, and environmental rights. Celebrities in Media Campaigns

As in any advertisement or public awareness campaign, the involvement of people that are wellknown and respected public figures and effective use of the media can be a potent way of increasing understanding of the importance of environmental issues and enforcement. Newspapers, television, radio, magazines, and other media can be used to quickly reach a large number of people.

Focusing Environmental Awareness Campaigns for Specific Sectors

Awareness raising campaigns are often most successful when they are targeted at specific groups because information can be tailored to the activities, needs and challenges of the group. Additionally, involving organisations and communities in environmental protection and enforcement can create a sense of stewardship towards the environment, ease hardship through the collaboration and provide a forum for new ideas and greater participation. Examples of such collaboration and stewardship are provided in the initiatives of some NGOs and organisations in the private sectors in States around the world. They have been active in raising public awareness of environment development issues and mobilised people to take actions that have contributed to positive changes for the environment. Infrastructure legacy Legacy is an important factor in all of the decisions as the Transport Plan is being implemented. Transport infrastructure that remains after the Games will have a lasting benefit. Temporary overlays, that is, additional facilities added to existing structures or areas, will be used where it is better value for money to do so and to avoid leaving an unwanted legacy. In management an event, we surely use venue or location which fix with theme of our event. Venue or place used to carry out an event can all kinds of type and its for. And at the other condition we can use football field, tennis court, and other field for the management of outdoor event in big scale, building like JCC, JIEXPO, Mal-Mal, and of a kind him for the management of indoor event. Old physical plant even also there are also many which still made places for held the event, as we know Old Town of Jakarta and of Museum-Museum which located in Old Town of Jakarta was often made by place management of event have cultural theme or history theme or artistry theme. Progressively often a historic place like Old Town of Jakarta made place for event, and there is also building of KAA and many other historic buildings in Bandung, there is place of

culture tourism or history expected by heritage of infrastructure that can keep better the condition of the city and many an artistic building. Expected from government also more pay attention again to the problem of restoration the old building, so that the old building can competent used for held an event which have cultural theme. Along of that, event in physical area and environment like UNFCCC and WOC to come can give positive impact to an area or destination taken as place management of event for always to take care the problem of heritage commission of culture or in the case of the infrastructure because the matter can become one the object of selling tourism.

Improved transport and communications Improved transport and communications, it means that by holding the event we can also improved the transport and communications in our country. Because if we often hold the event, we need a lot of transportation to be used and also use the communication for making contact as it telephone, mail, fax, internet, or media promotion likes brochure, poster, and banner. And it will increasing the development of the public transportation and the communications. The effective development of transport and infrastructure can play a strong role in fostering gender equality and womens empowerment and contribute to the regions achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. There are potential synergies between better communications and ICT systems and improvements in transport infrastructure. Better transport facilities and roads impact positively on communication flows. Similarly, the availability of improved communications.
Public transport :

Accessibility

Transport networks and the public environment are more inclusive, more useable, safe and enjoyable if it is readily accessible to everyone. A number of people who live, visit and work in the City of Jakarta have a vision, other sensory, or mobility impairment and it is important that a range of transport options, and associated infrastructure, are provided which support diverse community needs. Public transport providers should enhance the accessibility of public transport and associated facilities, providing an accessible public environment. Accessible parking facilities are also required throughout the municipality. Increasing patronage

Increasing use of the public transport system will improve the sustainability and liveability of the municipality and surrounding areas. Public transport is important for making the City inclusive and provides greater mobility choices and improved access for all people. A road system which is also relieved from the pressure of unnecessary private vehicle travel will better serve business throughout the City, as the road system will become more reliable and efficient. Network connections

An extensive public transport system serves the City. In order to maximise advantages for City visitation, improvements to frequency, services and infrastructure. Communications and utilities Melbournes reputation as an innovative and vital business City will depend on its ability to deliver high bandwidth at low cost and to respond quickly to the requirements of the emerging technology. The present level of global connectivity is compromising the Citys ability to compete effectively and to gather information from sources around the world. There is sufficient infrastructure in the Central City for digital information transfer; however, timely and cost effective connections to and within buildings needs to be improved. The high cost of using this infrastructure is a considerable barrier to use for small to medium enterprises.

Urban transformation and renewal Urban transformation : Transformate the city become better by using the systematic and planning wise with the correctly way. Renewal : Renew the city, by develop and tranformate the structure depend

on the condition and situation in the city. And by holding the event we can renewal and transformate the urban area. To make it match with the global changing and make the city become develop to the higher level. Because we can wide the using of the district that potential to be the destination of event to make the district develop and also the people can also get the advantage. And it makes the development of the destination place can be increase. The number of carried out event in this time in various places peeping out many new ideas which have an effect to change an area which was usually made for held the event. Usually an area which was often made place to carry out event will be more expand in the case of the urban planning infrastructure and human resource. Society will growing creative and innovative in searching new ideas to compete for making the fantastic event, so that can increase many

visitors and yield a good return for society itself. Society patterned thinking also will progressively expand to always looking for the way of how to make they area or place can successful to carry out an event. They will developing build the area with repair of infrastructure like founding or take care of artistic and beautiful town building for the place of event, roadwork to launch transportation current of event take place, repair of public facility so that visitor an event can get satisfaction in the case of services, etc. The number of renewals an area or society patterned thinking about infrastructure and public facility to support an event of they area that is the positive impact from an event was held. So, if the destination or area can make the town or city of becoming more artistic and beautiful to held an event with supported by good public facility, it can make the visitor will satisfied and want to come again for the next event.

Conclusion
In the past environmental regulations and land concessions were determined in Jakarta, often being out-of-step with the needs and risks in the outlying localities. However under Indonesias on going decentralisation process new powers to grant resource concessions and design environmental regulations have been given to the district level. This offers an opportunity to environmental management based on local input, which in turn would better protect local resources and support democratisation in Indonesia. Finally there is a need to strengthen peoples land tenure and economic rights (i.e. rights to fishing, water, accessing markets). In the past, the central government has retained the right to redistribute lands held by indigenous communities, with little or no compensation offered. This has undermined past development programs, and has made it less appealing for communities to engage in local improvements due to uncertainties over land tenure. Under the decentralisation process, there is a need and opportunity to work with village head, county administrations and district officials to apply the new district powers to the protection of local land and economic rights, thus reinforcing traditional tenure systems and encouraging local development over the long term.

Although there are two of impact that happened as the effect of the event as it positif and negative, it can be our references to find the solution or to make the preventation for the better things of our physical and environment to keep it green and safe for our next generation and our life because this is a part of our life.

PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL

NAMA : RAVY DIASRY NIM : 590620035Z

TUGAS : Bahasa Inggris

POLITEKINIK NEGERI JAKARTA