1.

Generic Name: Nicardipine Hydrochloride Brand Name: Nicardipine Classification: Antianginal, Antihypertensive, Calcium channel blocker Mode of Action: Inhibits the movement of calcium ions across the membrane of cardiac and arterial muscle cells; calcium is involved in the generation of the action potential is specialized automatic and conducting cells in the heart, in arterial smooth muscle, and in excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle cells. Inhibition of calcium flow results in the depression of impulse formation in specialized cardiac pacemaker cells, in slowing of the velocity of conduction of the cardiac impulse, in the depression of myocardial contractility, and in the dilation of coronary arteries and arterioles and peripheral arterioles, these effects lead to decreased cardiac work, decreased cardiac energy consumption, and increased delivery of oxygen to myocardial cells. Indication: Immediate-release only: Chronic stable (effort-related) angina. Use alone or with beta blockers. Immediate-release and SR: Management of essential hypertension alone or with other antihypertensives. IV: Short-term treatment of hypertension when oral use is not feasible. Contraindication: Contraindicated with allergy to nicardipine, pregnancy, lactation. Use cautiously with impaired hepatic or renal function, sick sinus syndrome, heart block (second- or third- degree), HF. Drug Interaction: Drug-drug: Antihypertensives: May increase antihypertensive effect. Monitor blood pressure closely. Cimetidine: May decrease metabolism of calcium channel blockers. Monitor patient for increased pharmacologic effect. Cyclosporine: May increase plasma level or cyclosporine. Monitor patient for toxicity. Side Effects: CNS: dizziness, lightheadedness, headache, asthenia, fatigue CV: peripheral edema, angina, hypotension, arrythmias, bradycardia, AV block, asystole. Dermatologic: Flushing, rash GI: Nausea, hepatic injury, abdominal discomfort, dry mouth Nursing Interventions: 1. Measure blood pressure frequently during initial therapy. Maximal response occurs about 1 hour after giving the immediate-release form and 2 to 4 hours after giving the sustained-release form. 2. Check for orthostatic hypotension. Because large swings in blood pressure may occur based on frug level, assess antihypertensive effect 8 hours after dosing. 3. Extended-release form is preferred because of improved compliance, fewer fluctuations in blood pressure, and less risk of death than with shorter-acting drugs. 4. Tell patient to take oral form exactly as prescribed. 5. Advise patient to report chest pain immediately. Some patients may experience increased frequency, severity, or duration of chest pain at beginning of therapy or during dosage adjustments. 6. Inform patient to get up from a sitting or lying position slowly to avoid dizziness caused by a decrease in blood pressure. 7. Provide small frequent meals if GI upset occurs. 8. Monitor cardiac rhythm regularly during stabilization of dosage and long-term therapy. 9. Take exactly as prescribed; do not exceed the prescribed daily dose.

2.Generic Name: Dexamethasone Brand Name: Cordex Classification: corticosteroids Mode of Action: Suppress inflammation and the normal immune response. Have mineralocorticoid activity. Indication: Management of cerebral edema and diagnostic agent in adrenal disorders Contraindication:

Active untreated infections Known alcohol, bisulfite or trazine hypersensitivity or intolerance. Drug Interaction: Amphotericin may increase hypokalemia. May increase digoxin toxicity caused by hypokalemia. May decrease effects of diuretics, insulin, oral hypoglycemics, potassium supplements. Hepatic enzyme inducers may decrease effects. Live virus vaccines may decrease the patients antibody response to vaccine, increase vaccine side effects, potentiate virus replication . Side Effects: Frequent: insomnia, facial edema, moderate abdominal distention, indigestion, increased appetite, nervousness, facial flusing, diaphoresis. Occasional: dizziness, blurred vision, Adverse Effects: Muscle wasting, osteoporosis, spontaneous fractures, amenorrhea, cataracts, glaucoma, peptic ulcer disease, CHF Nursing Responsibilities: 1. Question patient for hypersensitivity to any corticosteroids. 2. Obtain baselines for height, weight, B/P, serum glucose, electrolytes. 3. Monitor I&O, daily weight. 4. Assess for edema. 5. Evaluate food tolerance. 6. Monitor daily pattern of bowel activity and stool consistency. 7. Instruct patient to report if allergic reactions occur. 8. Do not change dose/schedule or stop taking drug. 9. Notify physician of fever, sore throat, muscle aches, sudden weight gain and edema.

3.Generic Name: Meperidine Brand Name: Demerol Classification: Opioid analgesics Mode of Action: Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS. Alters the perception of and response to painful stimuli, while producing generalized CNS depression. Indication: moderate to severe pain. Given for the patients complain of severe heavy abdominal pain. Contraindications: patients who are receiving monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors or those who have recently received such agents, hypersensitivity. Use cautiously in patients with head trauma,increased ICP, Severe renal or hepatic disease, hypothyroidism. Adverse Reactions: CNS: Euphoria, dysphoria, weakness, headache, agitation, tremor, uncoordinated muscle movements (e.g. muscle twitches, myoclonus), severe convulsions, transient hallucinations and disorientation, visual disturbances. Gl: Dry mouth, constipation, biliary tract spasm. CV: Flushingof the face, tachycardia, bradycardia, palpitation, hypotension , syncope. GU:Urinary retention. Derm: Pruritus, urticaria, other skin rashes, wheal and flare over the vein with intravenous injection, hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis. Nursing Responsibilities: 1. Patients should be aware that Demerol tablets contain meperidine, which is a morphine-like substance. 2. Patients should be advised to report pain and adverse experiences occurring during therapy. Individualization of dosage is essential to make optimal use of this medication. 3. Patients should be advised not to adjust the dose of Demerol without consulting the prescribing professional. 4. Patients should be advised that Demerol may impair mental and/or physical ability required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks (e.g., driving, operating heavy machinery). 5. Patients should be advised that Demerol is a potential drug of abuse. They should protect it from theft, and it should never be given to anyone other than the individual for whom it was prescribed. 6. Patients should be advised that if they have been receiving treatment with Demerol for more than a few weeks and cessation of therapy is indicated, it may be appropriate to taper the Demerol dose, rather than abruptly discontinue it, due to the risk of precipitating withdrawal symptoms. Their physician can provide a dose schedule to accomplish a gradual discontinuation of the medication. 7. Patients should be instructed to keep Demerol in a secure place out of the reach of children. When Demerol is no longer needed, the unused tablets should be destroyed by flushing down the toilet.

4.Generic Name: Tramadol Brand Name: Dolcet Classification: Central Analgesic Mode of Action: Binds to opioid receptors, inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin; does not cause histamine release or affect heart rate; not completely understood Indication: Moderate to severe pain Ordered dose: (PO) 1 capsule 3 x a day for pain Suggested dose: (PO) Adult: 50-100 mg prn q4-6h; not to exceed 400 mg/day (PO) Geriatric: >75 years: <300mg/day in divided doses Contraindication: Hypersensitivity; acute intoxication with any CNS depressant Side effect: CNS: dizziness, headach, somnolence, CNS stimulation, euphoria, seizure CV: vasodilation, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, hypertension GI: nausea, constipation, vomiting, dry mouth, anorexia, abdominal pain GU: Urinary retention/frequency, menopausal symptom SKIN: pruritus, rash, urticaria, vesicles Drug interaction: Increase: CNS depressionalcohol, sedatives, hypnotics, opiatescrease: Increase: serotonin syndromeSSRIs

Nursing responsibilities: Assess pain location and type and give before pain becomes extreme Check for urinary output that may be cause by urinary retention Assess CNS changes such as dizziness, drowsiness and hallucinations Assess for any allergic reaction Encourage to increase oral fluid intake To increase bulk in diet Store drug in a cool environment Raise the siderails Assist in ambulation Evaluate therapeutic response

5.Generic Name: Nalbuphine Brand Name: Nubain Classification: Opioid analgesic Mode of Action: Depresses pain impulse transmission at the spinal cord level by interacting with opioid receptors. Binds with opiate receptors in the CNS: ascending pain pathways in limbic system, thalamus, midbrain, hypothalamus, altering perception of and emotional response to pain. Indication:

Symptomatic relief of moderate to severe pain. Also preoperative sedation analgesia and as a supplement to surgical anesthesia. Contraindication: History of hypersensitivity to drug. Safety during pregnancy (category c) or lactation is not established. Addiction (opiate) Side Effects: CNS: drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, headache, sedation, euphoria, hallucinations, dreaming CV: palpitations, bradycardia, change in BP, orthostatic hypotension, cardiac arrest GI: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, constipation, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, bitter taste Urogenital: urinary urgency Respiratory: dyspnea, respiratory depression Drug Interactions: Avoid use with MAOIs, unpredictable reactions may occur. Increases effects with other CNS depressants alcohol, opiates, sedative/hypnotics, skeletal muscle relaxants. Nursing Responsibilities: 1. Raise bed rails. 2. Obtain vital signs before giving medication. If respirations are 12/min (20/min in children),withhold medication, contact physician. 3. Assess onset, type, location, duration of pain. Effect of medication is reduced if full pain recurs before next dose. Low abuse potential. 4. Monitor for change in respirations, BP/rate/quality of pulse. 5. Monitor pattern of daily bowel activity, stool consistency. 6. Initiate deep breathing, coughing exercises, particularly in patients with impaired pulmonary function. 7. Assess for clinical improvement, record onset of relief of pain. 8. Avoid driving a car or operating machinery because nubain is associated with sedation and may impair mental and physical abilities required for the performance of potentially dangerous tasks such as this. 9. Reassess patients level of pain at least 15 and 30 minutes after parenteral administration. 10. Constipation is often severe with maintenance therapy. Make sure stool softener or other laxative is ordered.

6.Generic Name: Cefazolin Sodium Brand Name: Ancef, Kefzol, Zolicef Classification: Antiinfective, Antibiotic, First-generation cephalosporin Mode of Action: Semisynthetic, first-generation derivative of cephalosporin C; antibiotic activity similar to that of cefazolin. Activity against gram (-) organisms is limited. Bactericidal action: preferentially binds to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins located on cell walls of susceptible organisms. This inhibits third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis, this killing the bacterium. Indications: Severe infections of urinary and biliary tracts, skin, soft tissue, and bone, and for bacteremia and endocardities caused by susceptible organisms. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to any cephalosporin and related antibibotics. Adverse Effect: Anaphylaxis: fever, eosinophilia, superinfections, seizure (high doses in patients with renal insufficiency). GI: Diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal cramps. Skin: maculopapular rash, urticaria. Drug Interactions: Probenecid decreases renal elimination of cefazolin. Nursing Responsibility: 1. Determine history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporins, penicillin, and other drugs, before therapy is initiated. 2. Monitor I&O rates and pattern. 3. Promptly report the onset of diarrhea, which may or may not be dose related. It is seen especially in patients with history of drug-related GI disturbances. Pseudo membranous colitis, a potentially life-threatening condition, starts with diarrhea. 4. Report promptly any signs or symptoms of super infection. 5. Report signs of hemostatic defects: ecchymoses, petechiae, nosebleed.

7.Generic Name: Hyoscine-N-butylbromide Brand Name: Spasmosan Classification: Antispasmodic (spasmolytic) and anticholinergic drug Mode of Action: Spasmolytic action is based on anticholinergic effects resulting from competitive inhibition of parasympathetic activation (via muscarinic receptors) of smooth muscle cells. The major side effect is a mild transient, elevated heart rate. Indications: Relief of spasmodic pains of the GIT, biliary and urinary tracts, and female genitalia. Gastric and duodenal ulcers, GI spasm, and hypermotility, pyloric spasm, spastic constipation, biliary dyskinesia, urinary tract spasm, dysmenorrheal and delayed relaxation of the lower uterine muscles. Diagnostic aid in radiology and endoscopy. Contraindications: Should not be used in impaction colics associated with ileus, or with glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, tachycardia, megacolon and mechanical stenosis in the GIT. Drug interaction: Amantadine, some antihistamines, butyrophenones, phenothiazines and tricyclic antidepressants. Adverse Effect: Slight increase in pulse rate. Occasionally, transient disturbance of accommodation. Side effects: Medicines and their possible side effects can affect individual people in different ways. The following are some of the side effects that are known to be associated with this medicine. Because a side effect is stated here, it does not mean that all people using this medicine will experience that or any side effect. Dry mouth. Blurred vision. Reduced ability to sweat. Increase in heart rate (tachycardia). Constipation. Difficulty in passing urine (urinary retention). Allergic skin reactions. Nursing Responsibilities: 1. Observe 10 rights in medication administration 2. Assess patients condition before starting therapy and throughout therapy. 3. Check the drug expiration date before administration. 4. Take this medicine only as directed. Do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered. To do so may increase the chance of side effects. 5. You should consult your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following while using this medicine: red and painful eye, possibly with headache, loss of vision or blurred vision, or seeing haloes around lights. These symptoms may be caused by an increase in pressure inside the eyeball and require urgent investigation by your doctor.

8.Generic Name: Phenobarbital Brand Name: Luminal Classification: barbiturate anticonvulsant Mode of Action: Luminal is a barbiturate. It works by depressing the central nervous system. This aids you in relaxing and going to sleep. Ordered Dose: 7/11/11- Phenobarbital 60 mg/tab 1 tab in AM Suggested Dose: Indication: The short-term treatment of sleeplessness, the relief of anxiety, tension, and fear, and the treatment of certain types of seizures, especially in emergency situations. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor. Contraindication:

Hypersensitivity Interactions:

Pregnancy Lactation

Drug-Drug: Drug-Alcohol: increased CNS depression and cause drowsiness

o o o

Sodium oxybate (GHB), stiripentol, or valproic acid because they may increase the risk of Luminals side effects Methoxyflurane and the risk of its side effects may be increased by Luminal Beta-adrenergic blockers (eg, propranolol), clozapine, corticosteroids (eg, hydrocortisone), digitoxin, doxycycline, estrogens, imatinib, metronidazole, oral contraceptives (eg, norethindrone/ethinyl estradiol), quinidine, theophyllines, voriconazole, or warfarin because their effectiveness may be decreased by Luminal

Side Effect:

Vomiting Adverse Effect:

Dizziness Nausea

Rash Difficulty breathing

Liver damage Nursing Responsibilities: 1. Check Doctors order 2. Observe patients 10 rights 3. Instruct patient to take medication as directed 4. If you miss a dose of Luminal, use it as soon as possible. 5. Small frequent feeding 6. Do not drink alcohol or use medicines that may cause drowsiness

9.chlorpheniramine maleate (klor fen ir' a meen) Aller-Chlor; Allergy; Chlo-Amine; Chlor-Trimeton Allergy 4 hr, 8 hr, and 12 hr; Chlor-Tripolon (CAN); Efidac 24 Pregnancy Category B Drug class Antihistamine (alkylamine type) Therapeutic actions Competitively blocks the effects of histamine at H1-receptor sites; has atropine-like, antipruritic, and sedative effects. Indications Symptomatic relief of symptoms associated with perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis; vasomotor rhinitis; allergic conjunctivitis. Contraindications and cautions Contraindicated with allergy to any antihistamines, narrow-angle glaucoma, stenosing peptic ulcer, symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy, asthmatic attack, bladder neck obstruction, pyloroduodenal obstruction, third trimester of pregnancy, lactation. Use cautiously in pregnancy. Adverse effects

 CNS: Drowsiness, sedation, dizziness, disturbed coordination, fatigue, confusion, restlessness, excitation, nervousness, tremor, headache, blurred vision, diplopia, vertigo, tinnitus, acute labyrinthitis, hysteria, tingling, heaviness and weakness of the hands CV: Hypotension, palpitations, bradycardia, tachycardia, extrasystoles GI: Epigastric distress, anorexia, increased appetite and weight gain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation GU: Urinary frequency, dysuria, urinary retention, early menses, decreased libido, impotence Hematologic: Hemolytic anemia, hypoplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, pancytopenia Respiratory: Thickening of bronchial secretions, chest tightness, wheezing, nasal stuffiness, dry mouth, dry nose, dry throat, sore throat Other: Urticaria, rash, anaphylactic shock, photosensitivity, excessive perspiration, chills Interactions Drug-drug Increased depressant effects with alcohol, other CNS depressants Nursing considerations Assessment History: Allergy to any antihistamines; narrow-angle glaucoma, stenosing peptic ulcer, symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy, asthmatic attack, bladder neck obstruction, pyloroduodenal obstruction, pregnancy, lactation Physical: Skin color, lesions, texture; orientation, reflexes, affect; vision examination; P, BP; R, adventitious sounds; bowel sounds; prostate palpation; CBC with differential Interventions Administer with food if GI upset occurs. Caution patient not to crush or chew SR preparations. Arrange for periodic blood tests during prolonged therapy. Teaching points Take as prescribed; avoid excessive dosage. Take with food if GI upset occurs; do not cut, crush, or chew the SR preparations. Avoid OTC drugs; many contain ingredients that could cause serious reactions if taken with this antihistamine. Avoid alcohol; serious sedation may occur. You may experience these side effects: Dizziness, sedation, drowsiness (use caution driving or performing tasks that require alertness); epigastric distress, diarrhea, or constipation (take with meals; consult care provider if severe); dry mouth (frequent mouth care; sucking on sugarless lozenges may help); thickening of bronchial secretions, dryness of nasal mucosa (use a humidifier). Report difficulty breathing; hallucinations, tremors, loss of coordination; unusual bleeding or bruising; visual disturbances; irregular heartbeat.

10.Generic Name: Oxytocin Brand Name: Pitocin, Syntocinon Classification: Oxytocics Mode of Action: Stimulates uterine smoothmuscle, producing uterine contractions similar to those in spontaneous labor, stimulates mammary gland smooth muscle, facilitating lactation. Has vasopressor effects and antidiuretic effects. Indications: Induction of labor at term. Facilitation of uterine contractions at term. Facilitation of threatened abortion. Postpartumcontrol of bleeding after expulsion of the placenta.

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity; Anticipated nonvaginal delivery; Pregnancy (intra-nasal).

Side Effects/ Adverse Effect: CNS:maternalCOMA, SEIZURES; fetalINTRA-CRANIAL HEMORRHAGE. Resp: fetalASPHYXIA, hyp-oxia. CV:maternalhypotension; fetal-arrhythmias F and E:maternalhypo-significhloremia, hyponatremia, water intoxication. Misc:maternalincreased uterinemotility, painful contractions, abruptio placentae, decreased uterine blood flow, hypersensitivity. Drug Interactions: Drug-Drug: Severe hypertension may occur if oxytocin follows administration of vasopressors. Concurrent use with cyclopropane anesthesia may result in excessive hypotension. Nursing Responsibility: 1. Fetal maturity, presentation, and pelvic adequacy should be assessed prior to administration of oxytocin for induction of labor. 2. Assess character, frequency, and duration of uterine contractions; resting uterine tone; and fetal heart rate frequently throughout administration. If contractions occur <2min apart and are >5065mmHg onmonitor, if they last 6090 sec or longer, or if a significant change in fetal heart rate develops, stop infusion and turn patient on her left side to prevent fetal anoxia. Notify health care professional immediately. 3. Monitor maternal blood pressure and pulse frequently and fetal heart rate continuously throughout administration. 4. This drug occasionally causes water intoxication. Monitor patient for signs and symptoms (drowsiness, listlessness, confusion, headache, anuria) and notify physician or other health care professional if they occur. 5. Continuous Infusion: Rotate infusion container to ensure thorough mixing. Store solution refrigerator, but do not freeze 6. Infuse via infusion pump for accurate dose. Oxytocin should be connected via Y-site injection to an IV of 0.9%NaCl for use during adverse reactions. Magnesiumsulfate should be available if needed for relaxation of themyometrium. 7. Advise patient to expect contractions similar to menstrual cramps after administration has started.

11.Generic Name : Phytomenadione (Vitamin K) Therapeutic Classification : Vitamins Trade Name(s): Why it is prescribed (Indications) : This medication is a haemostatic agent, prescribed for blood clotting and bone formation. It is also used as an antidote. When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): Hypersensitivity.

Pregnancy Category : A B C D X Category C : Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and wellcontrolled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks. Dosage & When it is to be taken : PO- Vitamin K deficiency due to drugs or malabsorption 10-40 mg/day. Over-anticoagulation Up to 5 mg. IV- Overanticoagulation- 0.5-5 mg. How it should be taken : It comes as a tablet, capsule, and liquid to take by mouth, with or without food. It also comes as a solution for injection to be administered by a healthcare provider into the vein. Warnings and Precautions : * Caution should be exercised in patients with history of any allergy, who are taking other medications, during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Side Effects : Anaphylaxis, difficulty in breathing, cyanosis, pain, swelling, vein inflammation at the injection site, increased sweating, dizziness, low blood pressure, allergic reactions after SC and IM injection. Other Precautions : * Avoid excess dosage.

12.Phenergan injection (promethazine) Main use Active ingredient Manufacturer Allergies, sedation Promethazine hydrochloride Sanofi-Aventis How does it work? Phenergan injection contains the active ingredient promethazine, which is a type of medicine called a sedating antihistamine. It works by preventing the actions of histamine. Histamine is a substance produced by the body as part of its defence mechanisms. It causes the symptoms of allergic reactions. These can include inflammation of the airways or skin, nasal congestion, narrowing of the airways, rashes, and itching of the skin, eyes or nose. Promethazine blocks histamine from binding to its receptors in various parts of the body and this stops it causing the symptoms of an allergic reaction. Histamine may be released from and act in a small (localised) area of the body such as the nose. Alternatively, histamine can cause more serious, sometimes life-threatening reactions such as anaphylaxis. Promethazine is used for treating localised allergies such as hay fever and nettle rash, as well more serious allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis. Promethazine is known as a sedating antihistamine because it enters the brain in significant quantities and causes drowsiness. This effect of the medicine is used to produce sedation, for example before minor procedures or surgery, and can also be used to provide short-term help for people with sleeping difficulties (insomnia). Phenergan injection is used when it is not possible or appropriate to give promethazine by mouth, or when a rapid response is needed in emergencies. The injection is given into a muscle (intramuscularly) or into a vein (intravenously).

13.GENERIC NAME: KETOROLAC BRAND NAME: Toradol CLASSIFICATION: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, nonopioid analagesics MECHANISM OF ACTION: - Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, producing peripherally mediated analgesia - Also has antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. - Therapeutic effect:Decreased pain INDICATION: Short term management of pain (not to exceed 5 days total for all routes combined) CONTRAINDICATIONS: - Hypersensitivity - Cross-sensitivity with other NSAIDs may existPre- or perioperative use - Known alcohol intoleranceUse cautiously in:

1) History of GI bleeding 2) Renal impair-ment (dosage reduction may be required) 3) Cardiovascular disease SIDE EFFECTS/ ADVERSE EFFECTS: - CNS: 1) drowsiness 2) abnormal thinking 3) dizziness 4) euphoria 5) headache- RESP: 1) asthma 2) dyspnea - CV: NURSING IMPLICATIONS/RESPONSIBILITIES: - Patients who have asthma, aspirin-induced allergy, and nasal polyps are at increased risk for developing hypersensitivity reactions. Assess for rhinitis, asthma, and urticaria. - Assess pain (note type, location, and intensity) prior to and 1-2 hr following administration. - Ketorolac therapy should always be given initially by the IM or IV route. Oral therapy should be used only as a continuation of parenteral therapy. - Caution patient to avoid concurrent use of alcohol, aspirin, NSAIDs, acetaminophen, or other OTC medications without consulting health care professional. - Advise patient to consult if rash, itching, visual disturbances, tinnitus, weight gain, edema, black stools, persistent headche, or influenza-like syndromes (chills,fever,muscles aches, pain) occur. - Effectiveness of therapy can be demonstrated by decrease in severity of pain. Patients who do not respond to one NSAIDs may respond to another

14.Penicillin G Sodium Injection (Benzylpenicillin Sodium) - 600mg (10 Vials)

Bacterial infections Benzylpenicillin Sodium Penicillin G Sodium Uses Penicillin G Sodium Injection (Benzylpenicillin Sodium) is predominantly prescribed for bacterial infections, it is a popular form of prevention against heart infection (bacterial endocarditis) in patients who have had heart surgery recently. Similar to how penicillin antibiotics work, both medicines impair the bacteria's function, inhibiting any reproduction or growth. Dosage and administration Strictly follow all instructions provided to you by your physician or pharmacist while using Penicillin G Sodium Injection (Benzylpenicillin Sodium). Optimum and safe dosage can differ based on the patient and the condition being treated. This drug is normally injected into the vein by a health care professional in a health clinic. As it is most effective when consistently in your system, you must return for subsequent injections to upkeep its benefits. Side effects You may suffer non-persistent stinging, pain, irritation or redness around the injection site. If you experience any of the below side effects, you must promptly inform your physician: Painful joints or muscles Swelling, swollen ankles or feet Urination differences, darker or cloudy urine Heartbeat changes Symptoms of a new infection Odd tingling or numb sesnation, bruising or bleeding Seizures Changes in mood such as confusion Vaginal yeast infection or oral thrush Precautions

As Penicillin G Sodium may not be safe for certain patients, it is essential you always inform your physician if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, as well as if you have any allergies, other illnesses, or on going health conditions, and if you are taking any other form of medication, supplements, or herbal products. Immediately seek emergency medical care if you have an allergic or hypersensitive reaction. Common signs of a reaction include hives, swelling, skin rashes, chest pains, as well as trouble breathing or swallow.

15.Generic Name: Diclofenac Sodium Brand Name: Voltaren, Voltaren-XR Classifications:central nervous system agent; nsaid; analgesic; nonnarcotic;antipyretic Pregnancy Category:B Therapeutic effects Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic activity. Uses Analgesic and antipyretic effects in symptomatic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Also acute gout; juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; various rheumatic conditions including bursitis, myalgia, sciatica, and tendinitis; acute soft tissue injuries including sprains and strains; dysmenorrhea; headache, migraine, and dental, minor surgical, and postpartum pain; and renal or biliary colic. Ophthalmic: Cataract surgery; photophobia associated with refractive surgery. Topical Treatment of actinic keratosis Contraindicatons Hypersensitivity to diclofenac, patients in whom asthma, urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm, severe rhinitis, shock, or other sensitivity reaction is precipitated by aspirin or other NSAIDS, pregnancy (category B), lactation. Adverse effects CNS:Dizziness,headache, drowsiness. SpecSenses:Tinnitus. Skin:Rash, pruritus. GI:Dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, cramps, constipation, diarrhea, indigestion, abdominal distension, flatulence, peptic ulcer; liver enzymes, transaminases increased, liver test abnormalities. CV:Fluid retention, hypertension, CHF. Respiratory:Asthma. BodyWhole:Back,leg, or joint pain. Endocrine:Hyperglycemia. Hematologic:Prolonged bleeding time; inhibits platelet aggregation. Nursing implications Assessment & Drug Effects Monitor for therapeutic effectiveness. Up to 3 wks may be need for beneficial effects with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. Lab tests: Periodic liver function, serum uric acid concentrations Hct, PT/INR, and bloodglucose. Observe and report signs of bleeding (e.g., petechiae, ecchymoses, bleeding gums, bloody or black stools, cloudy or bloody urine). Monitor BP for hypertension and blood sugar for hyperglycemia. Monitor diabetics closely for loss of diabetic control. Monitor for increased serum sodium and potassium in patients receiving potassium-sparing diuretics. Monitor weight and report gains greater than 1 kg (2 lb)/24 h. Monitor for signs and symptoms of GI irritation and ulceration. Patient & Family Education Oral Form Do not lie down for 1530 min after taking medicine to decrease esophageal irritation. Discontinue use with onset of ringing or buzzing in the ears, impaired hearing, dizziness, GI discomfort, or bleeding and notify physician. Do not take aspirin or other OTC analgesics without permission of the physician. Avoid alcohol or other CNS depressants. Do not drive or engage in other potentially hazardous activities until reaction to drug is known. Note: Diabetics need to monitor blood glucose carefully for loss of glycemic control. Do not breast feed while taking this drug.

16.Generic Name : Methylergometrine Pronunciation : meth il er goe noe' veen Therapeutic Classification : Oxytocic ICD Code : Y55.0 Trade Name(s): India- Elmet Inj, Elmet Tab, Ematrin Tab, Emergin Amp, Ergogin Inj, Ergogin Tab, Ergolin Amp, Ergolin Tab, Ergoriv Tab, G-Metrin Amp, G-Metrin Tab, Ingagen-M Inj, Lerin Amp, Lerin Film-Coated Tab, Mem Amp, Mem Tab, Memjet Amp, Memjet Tab, Mergox Amp, Mergox Tab, Metermin Inj, Metermin Tab, Methergin Amp, Methergin Tab, Methging Tab, Methin Amp, Methocin Inj, Methygin Inj, Methygin Tab, Methylergometrine Maleate Inj, Methylergometrine Maleate Tab, Mrthytden Amp, Nimeth Amp, Satergin Inj, Utergin Inj, Utergin Tab, Uterowin Inj, Uterowin Tab, Zotargine. International- Methergine. Other Name : Methylergonovine Why it is prescribed (Indications) : This medication is a synthetic analogue of ergonovine, prescribed for treating postpartum hemorrhage. It works by increasing uterine contractions. When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): Contraindicated in patients with high blood pressure due to pregnancy and hypersensitivity. Pregnancy Category : A B C D X Category C : Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks. Warnings and Precautions : * Caution should be exercised in patients with history of high blood pressure or blood vessel, heart, kidney or liver diseases. * It may cause dizziness or drowsiness, do not drive a car or operate machinery while taking this medication. Side Effects : Most Common- High/low blood pressure, epilepsy and headache. Central Nervous System- Dizziness, hallucinations and ringing in the ear. Gastrointestinal- Nausea, vomiting, foul taste and diarrhea. Heart- Chest pain, palpitations and slow heart rate. Respiratory- Nasal congestion and difficulty in breathing. Potentially Fatal- Shock.