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Anders Arte Supervisor: Prof. Sven-Gustav Hggman Instructor: M.Sc. Leo Bhebhe
12.05.2005
Content
Introduction Objectives and Methodology EGPRS
EGPRS Fundamentals EGPRS Architecture KPIs and counters Performance Reporting EGPRS KPIs
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Introduction
Until these days the packet data traffic has been low in 2G networks. Hence, there has been little need for packet data traffic optimization and monitoring. With EGPRS, operators are able to provide high-performance demanding services in 2G networks. Increased performance and new services attracts more users. => increased total packet data traffic in mobile networks. Increased packet data traffic in the traditional circuit switched network sets new requirements for network optimization and planning. New KPIs needs to be defined since packet data traffic cannot effectively be monitored with the same methods as circuit switched traffic.
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EGPRS Fundamentals
EGPRS technology is an improved air interface to the GPRS technology. Enables 3 times higher data rates than GPRS due to new modulation technique. Max bit rate 59,2 kbit/s per Time Slot for EGPRS. => Theoretical maximum 59,2 kbit/s*8(time slots)= 473,6 kbit/s RTT ~200ms to ~700ms depending on phone model and network elements.
GPRS coding modulation RLC blks / radio block scheme CS-1 GMSK CS-2 CS-3 CS-4 MCS-1 MCS-2 MCS-3 MCS-4 MCS-5 8-PSK MCS-6 MCS-7 MCS-8 MCS-9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 FEC code rate 0.45 0.65 0.75 1 0.53 0.66 0.85 1 0.38 0.49 0.76 0.92 1 user bits / 20 ms 160 240 288 400 176 224 296 352 448 592 448 + 448 544 + 544 592 + 592 bit rate (bit/s) 8,000 12,000 14,400 20,000 8,800 11,200 14,800 17,600 22,400 29,600 44,800 54,400 59,200
EGPRS
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EGPRS Architecture
EGPRS network is implemented into the GSM network. New network elements: SGSN, GGSN and BG
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DL data transfer
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Formulas
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Report Generators
Distribution
KPI group
TRAFFIC
KPI
RLC Payload Packet Erlangs CCCH Blocking PDTCH Blocking PCU Congestion Abis Congestion GPRS/IMSI Attach Success Ratio PDP Context Success Ratio TBF Properties RLC Retransmission Ratio MCS Selection RLC Throughput TBF Abnormal Releases
AVAILABILITY
ACCESSIBILITY
QUALITY
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Measurement Setup
KPI data collected from the BSC
Tests done in laboratory to have maximum control of the network. Air interface connections with cables to reduce unwanted interference. FTP, HTTP and UDP tests in different radio conditions (changing interference and fading simulation both in UL and DL). Results collected from the laptop compared against counter/KPI results collected from the network to verify the KPI behavior. 5 weeks of tests performed in total. Only a few results presented here.
Application throughput and payload collected from the laptop
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Measurement Results
Measurement results gained from the laptop The main idea was to find BSS KPIs that would describe the network performance and the application throughput shown in the figure as accurately as possible All network counter/KPI values were compared against these user application throughput values.
FTP, UDP and HTTP Downlink Transfer
120 100 Throughput (kbit/s) 80 60 40 20 0 Satisfactory
Medium
Good
Very good
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Measurement Results
RLC throughput calculated from the network counters according to the formula. FTP throughput measured at the laptop.
C/I Downlink Very good Good Medium Satisfactory Bad Uplink Very good Very good Very good Very good Very good FTP Throughput 95 kbit/s 61 kbit/s 45 kbit/s 32 kbit/s 8.9 kbit/s RLC Throughput 2 Time Slots 117 kbit/s 72 kbit/s 54 kbit/s 37 kbit/s 26 kbit/s
MCS 9
MCS 1
RLC _ data(kbit )
Relative Performance
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Measurement Results
Based on the MCS distribution we may indicate the radio conditions and end-user experience. There are also other factors than radio conditions that can affect the MCS in use. E.g. network congestion EGPRS and GPRS users sharing a time slot. Therefore, multiple KPIs should be used while analyzing the radio link quality.
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Conclusions
As long as the EGPRS network functions as a best-effort network it is challenging to monitor the individual end-user experience from the BSS. E.g. retainability of a service is next to impossible to measure at the BSS. Service differentiation is needed to utilize the capacity of the EGPRS network to its full extent. I.e. services should gain different amount of resources. Services with low requirements less resources than services with high requirements.
KPI group KPI
RLC Payload Packet Erlangs CCCH Blocking PDTCH Blocking PCU Congestion Abis Congestion GPRS/IMSI Attach Success Ratio PDP Context Success Ratio TBF Properties RLC Retransmission Ratio MCS Selection RLC Throughput TBF Abnormal Releases
The behavior of the BSS KPIs was described quite accurately via the measurements and the KPIs in this table can be used to effectively monitor and optimize the network. Assumptions about the quality should not solely be made on one quality KPI.
TRAFFIC
AVAILABILITY
ACCESSIBILITY
QUALITY
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Questions?
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