....[stuff deleted]....

this gem of an ascii dictionary that contains all you need to know about Urdu words to post lyrics properly. I believe this was created by Dinesh Prabhu who's clearly spent a lot of effort and produced a great source of reference. Use it. With acknowledgements to DINESH PRABHU (prabhu@amelia.nas.nasa.gov) ####################################################################### ######### Alphabet -------Vowel Pronunciation Key ----------------------a : "u" in "but" aa : "a" in "far" e : "e" in "bed" i : "i" in "fit" ee : "ee" in "feet" o : "o" in "code" u : "u" in "put" oo : "oo" in "booed" au : "ow" in "how" ai : "ei" in "neighbor" Notes: 1. ' indicates a glottal stop (pronounced like "uh") in very careful ----speech. Normally, however, it is not pronounced at the beginning of a word and in other positions it represents 'aa'. 2. The combination 'ah' at the end of a word is pronounced like 'aa' or 'e'. For example: 'jagah' could be 'jagaa' or 'jage', i.e., the h is silent. 3. The combination 'ah' or 'aH' in the middle of a word is pronounced like 'e'. 4. n. (n period) indicates nasalization. 5. a - is used to distinguish between sh and s+h, kh and k+h, etc. Letter -----'alif vowel be pe te Te se jeem che baRi he : : : : : : : : : Transcription ------------a b p t T s j ch H Remarks ------Could also stand for an unspecified initial Does Used Does Used not occur in Arabic in native words not occur in Arabic and Persian in loan words

Does not occur in Arabic Used in loan words

khe daal Daal zaal re Re ze zhe seen sheen saad zaad to-e zo-e ain vowel ghain fe qaaf kaaf gaaf laam meem noon vaa-o the

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

kh d D z r R z zh s sh s z t z ' gh f q k g l m n w h y y

Does not occur in Arabic and Persian Used in loan words Does not occur in Arabic and Persian Used in native words Does not occur in Arabic Used in loan words Used in loan words Used in loan words Used in loan words Could also stand for an unspecified initial

Does not occur in Arabic

Stands for oo/o/au at the end of a word. In middle it could stand for w/oo/o/au Used in native words Stand for ee/e/ai at the end of a word. In middle it could stand for y/ee/e/ai Occurs only at the end of a word and stands e or ai

chhoTi he: chhoTi ye: the baRi ye for :

####################################################################### ######### Abbreviations ------------Grammatical ----------: noun feminine : noun masculine : pronoun : adjective : verb : adverb : conjunction : interjection : preposition : suffix : prefix : figurative : plural : literal Word Origin ----------P : Persian A : Arabic T : Turkish H : Hindi S : Sanskrit G : Greek

n.f. n.m. pron. adj. v. adv. conj. intj. prep. suff. pref. fig. plu. lit.

poet.

: poetic

####################################################################### ######### Vocabulary ---------'alif (long) -----------water splendor/elegance/polish/brightness/

aab: aab:

P P

n.m. n.f.

temper(steel)/lustre(gems)/sharpness(sword) aab-e-aa'inah: n.f. polish of a mirror aab-e-talkh: n.m. bitter water/tears/wine aab-e-chashm: n.m. tears aabaad: P adj. populated/inhabited/peopled/prosperous/happy aabru: P n.f. honor/fame/good name/dignity aap: H pron. self/selves/respectful term of address aatish: P n.f. fire aatmaa: S n.f. soul/spirit/mind aasim: A n.m. sinner/culprit aakhir: A adj. last/final aadaab: A n.m. manners (plu. of adab) aadmi: P n.m. man (lit. offspring of Adam) aadmiyyat: A n.f. humanity/human nature/civility aaraa: P adj. embellishing/adorning aaraam: P n.m. rest/repose/respite/relief/ease/comfort aara'ish P n.f. decoration/adornment/beauty aarzoo: P n.f. yearning/desire/wish/longing aaz: P n.f. ardent desire/lust/covetousness aazaad: P n.f. free/unrestrained aazardah: P adj. annoyed/dejected/uneasy/gloomy/sad aazmaa'ish: P n.f. trial/experiment/testing/proving aas: H n.f. longing/desire/hope/faith/shelter/refuge aasaan: P adj. light/facile/easy aasraa: H n.m. means of subsistence/protection/shelter aasmaan: P n.m. heaven/sky aasmaani: P adj. heavenly/celestial/azure aasoodah: P adj. opulent/rich/satisfied aashaa: S n.f. desire/hope/longing aashuftah: P adj. perplexed/careworn/distracted/confused aashnaa: P n.m. aquaintance/friend/lover aashiyaan.: P n.m. nest/house aakhaaz: P n.m. commencement/outset/beginning aaghosh: P n.f/m. embrace/lap/bosom aafaat: A n.f. evils/disasters/misfortunes (plu. of aafat) aaftaab: P n.m. sun aag: H n.f. flame/fire (fig. anger/passion/love/lust) aalaap: H n.f. conversation/preparatory tuning aan.ch: H n.f. flame/warmth/fervor/loss/grief aan.chal: H n.m. corner of the 'dopaTTa' worn by women aan.dhee: H n.f. dust-storm/hurricane

aan.soo: aawaarah: aawaarah: aawaaz: aawaazah: aah: aahistah: aa'inah: aayandah:

H P P P P P P P P

n.m. adj. n.m. n.f. n.m. n.f. adv. n.m. adj.

tears without home wanderer/vagrant/destitute noise/sound/cry/shout rumor/fame/report/reputation sigh softly/leisurely/slowly mirror hereafter/in the future

####################################################################### ######### 'alif (short) ------------now/presently boiling/rage/anger commencement/beginning ruined/scattered/worthless smile/cheerfulness trial/misfortune/suffering eternity cloud eyebrow eyes (plu. of basr) son sons (plu. of ibn) union/alliance

ab: H adv. ubaal: H n.m. ibtidaa': A n.f. abtar: P adj. ibtisaam: A n.m. ibtilaa: A n.m. abad: A n.f. abr: P n.m. abroo: P n.m. absaar: A n.m. ibn: A n.m. abnaa': A n.m. ittiHaad: A n.m. ittifaaq: A n.m. agreement/concord/chance/event/opportunity ittifaaqaan: A adv. accidentally ittikaa': A n.m. dependence/reliance itlaaf: A n.m. loss/ruin/decay itmaam: A n.m. completion/perfection ittihaam: A n.m. charge/imputation/blame aTak: H n.f. obstacle/obstruction isbaat: A n.m. proof asar: A n.m. mark/sign/trace/effect ujaaR: H adj. ruined/waste/abandoned ijaazat: A n.f. permission/leave/sanction ajnabee: A n.m. stranger/foreigner/alien iHtiyaaj: A n.f. need iHtiyaat: A n.f. caution/heed aHzaan: A n.m. sorrows (plu. of huzn) iHsaas: A n.m. feeling/emotion iHsaan: A n.m. beneficence/favor/good deed akhbaar: A n.m. news/newspaper ikhtiyaar: A n.m. choice/option/power/influence/control/authority akhz: A n.m. grasping/seizing/taking ikhlaas: A n.m. sincerity/purity/love/selfless worship adaa: A n.f. payment of debt/settlement adaa: P n.f. charm/grace/beauty idraak: A n.m. perception/comprehension adib: A n.m. learned, man of letters (plu. udabaa') iraadah: A n.m. aim/object/will/desire arjmand: P adj. exalted

urdoo: T n.f. army/camp irshaad: A n.m. instruction/order/command/guidance arz: A n.f. land/region/earth armaan: P n.m. desire/yearning/wish azal: A n.f. eternity/without beginning asaas: A n.f. foundation asbaab: A n.m. causes/motives/means ustaad: P n.m. master/professor isti'faa: A n.m. resignation isti'maal: A n.m. application/usage/use asad: A n.m. lion asraar: A n.m. secrets (plu. of sirr) israaf: A n.m. waste/extravagance asfaar: A n.m. voyages/travels (plu. of safar) asqaam: A n.m. evils/weaknesses/defects (plu. of suqm) asir: A n.m. prisoner/captive ishaarah: P n.m. gesture/symbol/wink/sign ishtihaar: A n.m. notification/poster/reputation/renown ishtiyaaq: A n.m. longing/craving/desire ishraaq: A n.m. dawn/day break/lustre ashfaaq: A n.m. favors (plu. of shafaq) ishfaaq: A n.m. compassion/kindness ashqiyaa': A n.m. cruel/heartless (plu. of shaqi) ashk: P n.m. tearS as-haab: A n.m. lords/masters (plu. of saahib) israar: A n.m. obduracy/persistence/obstinacy asl: A n.m. root/foundation/essence (plu. usool) asli: A adj. original/genuine/real/true iztiraab: A n.m. restlessness/perturbation/anxiety iztiraar: A n.m. helplessness/agitation/constraint atfaal: A n.m. children/offspring (plu. of tifl) iz-haar: A n.m. disclosure/proclamation/statement/testimony i'tibaar: A n.m. trust/confidence/faith/reliance i'tiraaz: A n.m. objection/criticism/protest i'jaaz: A n.m. miracle/marvel/wonder i'laam: A n.m announcing/notifying aghlaat: A n.f. mistakes (plu. of ghalat) aghyaar: A n.m. strangers/rivals (plu. of ghair) uftaad: P n.f. misery/distress/mishap/foundation iftikhaar: A n.m. honor/glory/repute/distinction ifraat: A n.f. excess/exuberance/plenty afsaanah: P n.m. tale/legend/fiction afsurdah: P adj. melancholy/depressed afsos: P n.m. regret/remorse/dejection ufaq: A n.m. horizon iqbaal: A n.m. prosperity/good fortune/success/confession iqraar: A n.m. promise/pledge/confession/declaration/covenant iqtizaa': A n.m. requirement/need/demand akbar: A adj. greatest (sup. of kabir) aksar: A adj. most/much/many/frequent aksar: A adv. frequently/usually/generally/often agar: P conj. if/in case al: A art. the iltifaat: A n.m. regard/kindness/favor/friendship

alfaaz: A amaanat: A trust/deposit/security imtiHaan: A imtiyaaz: A ummid: P intikhaab: A intizaar: A intizaam: A intiqaam: A anjaam: A anjuman: P andaazah: P an.dar: P insaan: A insaaniyyat: A in'aam: A inqilaab: A inkaar: A auqaat: A auqaat: A awwaal: A aulaad: A imaan: A

n.m. n.f. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.m. prep. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.f. adj. n.f. n.m.

words (plu. of lafz) something given in examination/test/trial/proof/experiment discrimination/discernment/distinction hope/expectation/trust selection/choice/election waiting (anxiously)/expectation management/order/method/arrangement revenge/reprisal end/conclusion/result/issue assembly/meeting/society/council measurement/guess/rough estimate within/inside/inward man/human being/mankind humanity/civility gift/reward/largesse revolution denial/contradiction times (plu. of waqt) status/position first/excellent/best children (plu. of walad) belief/faith/creed/conscience

####################################################################### ######### be -by/with/from/in/into/near/on/for/towards (Always prefixed to another word) by/with/from/in/into/to/on/upon/for/upto (Always prefixed to another word) with/by/possessed of door/gate/chapter/topic/subject father

bi: ba: baa: baab: baabul: baat:

A P

prep. prep.

P prep. A n.m. H n.m. H n.f. word/saying/speech/tale/news/question/business proposal/point/gossip/substance baad: P n.f. wind/air/breeze baadshaah: P n.m. emperor/king baadal: H n.m. cloud(s) baadah: P n.m. wine/spirits baadiyah: A n.m. wilderness/desert baadiyah: P n.m. goblet/cup baar: H n.m. time/turn/chance/opportunity/delay/obstacle baar: P n.m. burden/load/permission/grief/court baarish: P n.m. rain baarah: P n.m. time/turn/about/in regard of baareek: P adj. fine/slender/delicate/difficult/subtle baaz: P suff. denotes doer/agent baaz: P n.m. falcon baaz: P adv. again/back/refusing baazaar: P n.m. market baazaaree: P adj. common/low/vulgar/relating to the market

baazoo: P n.m. arm/fold of a door/flank of an army baazi: P n.f. sport/game/wager baazichah: P n.m. toy/fun/sport baagh: P n.m. garden/orchard/grove baaqee: A adj. remaining/lasting baaqee: A n.f. residue/remainder/arrears baalam: S n.m. a lover/sweet-heart/husband baam: P n.m. upper storey/terrace/balcony baan: P suff. signifying keeper or guardian baan.kaa: H adj. curved/crooked/sly/cunning baano: P n.f. lady/gentlewoman bachchah: P n.m. child baHaal: A adj. status quo/refreshed/happy baHs: A n.f. dispute/argument/debate/controversy bukhaar: A n.m. steam/temperature/fever/rage bakht: P n.m. good fortune/luck/prosperity bakhshish: P n.f. gift/donation/reward/alms/tip bad: P adj. bad/wicked/evil bad akhtar: adj. unfortunate bad anjaam: adj. having a bad end bad tar: adj. worse/inferior bad chalan: adj. of bad conduct/ill-mannered/immoral bad khwaab: n.m./f. nightmare bad du'aa: n.f. curse/malediction bad sirat: adj. ill-tempered bad soorat: adj. ugly bad m'aash: adj. roguish bad naam: adj. disreputable/notorious/ignominous bad naseeb: adj. unfortunate/unlucky badr: A n.m. full moon badal: A n.m. exchange/change/substitution badlaa: n.m. exchange/retaliation/revenge badan: A n.m. body baraabar: P adj. equal/even/level/alike/opposite/accurate bardaasht: P n.f. endurance/tolerance/patience barsaat: H n.f. rain/rainy season barkat: A n.f. abundance/prosperity/blessing/auspiciousness baRhiyaa: H adj. superior/of good quality/expensive buzurg: P adj. great/venerable/aged/noble bazm: P n.f. assembly/company (at a feast or entertainment) bas: P adj. sufficient/enough/plenty bisaat: A n.f. bedding/carpet/chess board/extent/capacity bast: P n.m. obstacle/knot/asylum/sanctuary bistar: P n.m. bed bismil: P n.m. sacrificial animal/a lover baseraa: H n.m. roosting/a night's lodging/shelter bashar: A n.m. man/mortal basheer: A adj. a messenger of good news basar: A n.f. sight/vision/the eye baghaawat: A n.f. revolt/rebellion/disloyalty baghal: P n.f. armpit/side balaa: A n.m. calamity/distress/trial/misfortune buland: P adj. high/lofty/sublime/exalted/tall/loud billaur: P n.m. crystal/crystal glass/transparent

ban.dish: P adj. composition/elegance of style/plan/obstruction ban.dagi: P n.f. devotion/worship/service bandah: P n.m. slave/servant/individual/man bunyaad: A n.f. foundation bood: P n.f. being/existence bahaadur: P adj. brave/valiant/high-spirited bahaar: P n.f. spring/prime/bloom/beauty/glory/delight bahaanah: P n.m. excuse/pretext/evasion/reason bhool: H n.f. forgetfulness/omission/mistake/lapse/fault bhool bhulayyaan.: a maze/labyrinth be: P pref. without/void of be aabroo: adj. dishonorable be ittifaaqi: n.f. discord/disunity be iHtiyaati: n.f. incautiousness be ikhtiyaari: n.f. helplessness/without choice be adab: adj. rude/unmannerly be i'tibaar: adj. untrustworthy/discredit be imtiyaaz: adj. indiscriminating be an.daazah: adj. unlimited/endless be insaaf: adj. unfair/unjust be imaan: adj. faithless/liar/cheat be bas: adj. helpless/weak be pardah: adj. unveiled/immodest/exposed be parwaa: adj. heedless/indifferent/above want be taab: adj. restless/powerless/impatient be taasir: adj. ineffectual/useless be tameez: adj. indiscreet/rude/uncultured be jaan: adj. lifeless be jurm: adj. faultless be chain: adj. restless/uneasy be Hadd: adj. endless/boundless be Hayaa: adj. shameless/impudent/bare-faced be khabar: adj. uninformed/ignorant/stupid be khataa: adj. faultless/innocent be khud: adj. enraptured/in ecstasy/delirious/senseless be daad: n.f. iniquity/injustice/oppression be daagh: adj. spotless/without blemish/innocent be dard: adj. without feeling/pitiless/merciless be rahm: adj. merciless/cruel be riyaa: adj. without guile/candid/sincere be zaar: adj. disgusted/displeased be zabaan: adj. dumb/speechless/modest be zar: adj. destitute/poor be sakhtah: adj. artless/unaffected/natural/plain be saaz: adj. without tools or apparatus be sabab: adj. without cause or reason be sharm: adj. shameless/immodest be sabr: adj. impatient be taaqat: adj. powerless be 'izzat: adj. without honor or respect be gham: adj. happy/without sorrow be fikr: adj. free from care or worry be qadr: adj. worthless be qaraar: adj. uneasy/restless/unsettled

be be be be be be be be be be be be be bayaabaan: bayaan: bait: bait: bedaar: bezaar: begaanah: bimaar:

qusoor: kaar: kas: gunaah: ma'ni: naam: naseeb: nazir: wajh: wafaa: waqoof: hunar: hosh: P A A A P P P P

adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.f. adj. adj. adj. adj.

innocent/not guilty idle/unemployed/useless friendless/lonely innocent/guiltless meaningless/absurd without name, character or reputation unfortunate unequalled/matchless/unique without cause faithless/ungrateful/treacherous foolish/stupid/dolt unskilled unconscious desert/wilderness description/statement/account house/abode couple/verse awake/alert/vigilant displeased/angry/out of humor strange/alien/foreign sick/ill

####################################################################### ######### pe -leg/foot/root of a tree fettered/bound/subjugated trodden under foot/ruined fordable/within man's depth opposite bank/the end/termination custody/regard/supervision guard/sentinel favor/partiality/favoritism pure/holy/immaculate/chaste/undefiled pure/clean/neat mad/insane/idiotic/distressed water/rain/lustre/character/honor curtain/screen/veil/secrecy/privacy worship to examine/to test moth/lover/warrant/permission fostering/rearing/sustenance/protecting fairy-like/beautiful troubled/distracted/distressed choice/approval/preference perspiration/sweat penitent/repentant/ashamed a moment eyelash/a moment/an instant protection/asylum/refuge side/advantage/flank of an army message craft/trade/profession message/news/advice promise/agreement/oath/confirmation

paa:

P paa ban.d: paa maal: paa yaab: paar: H paas: P paas baan: paar daari: pak: P pakeezah: P paagal: H paani: H pardah: P parastish: P paraknaa: H parwaanah: P parwarish: P pariwash: P pareshaan: P pasand: P pasinaa: H pashemaan: P pal: H palak: H panaah: P pahlu: P payaam: P peshaah: P paighaam: P paimaan: P

n.m. n.m adj. adj. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.f. adj. adj. adj. n.m. n.m. n.m. v. n.m. n.f. adj. adj. n.f. n.m. n.f. n.m. n.f. n.f. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m.

####################################################################### ######### te -heat/power/endurance/rage heat/splendour/grief/sorrow effect/impression crown/tiara date/annals dark/obscure fresh/new/tender/happy look/regard/aim/view ruined/spoiled/depraved/wretched change smile/smiling experience/experiment/test/proof a gift throne/seat

taab: P n.f. taabish: P n.f. taasir: A n.f. taj: P n.m. taarikh: A n.f. taarik: P adj. taazah: P adj. taak: P n.f. tabaah: P adj. tabdeel: A n.f. tabassum: A n.m. tajribah: A n.m. toHfaa: A n.m. takht: P n.m. tadbir: A n.f. deliberation/opinion/advice/arrangement/order taraanah: P n.m. harmony/symphony/a kind of song tarjumaan: A n.m. interpreter tars: P n.m. fear/terror tars: H n.m. compassion/pity/mercy tarraqqee: A n.f. elevation/promotion/proficiency tarkeeb: A n.f. composition/mixture/plan/mode/method tasallee: A n.f. consolation/comfort/satisfaction tasleem: A n.f. salutation/greeting/resignation/submission tashreef: A n.f. honoring tishnagi: A n.f. thirst/desire/longing tasawwur: A n.m. imagination/fancy/idea tasawwuf: A n.m. mysticism tasweer: A n.f. picture/portrait/painting ta'ajjub: A n.m. wondering/admiration/amazement/surprise ta'areef: A n.f. explanation/description/praise/definition ta'alluq: A n.m. connection/relation/consideration taqaazaa: A n.m. demanding settlement of a debt/importunity taqdeer: A n.f. fate/luck taqriban: A adv. approximately taqwaa: A n.f. piety/abstinence/fear of God takleef: A n.f. imposition of a burden/difficulty/inconvenience talaash: A n.f. search/inquiry/quest talkh: P adj. bitter/acrimonious/pungent/unpalatable talwaar: H n.f. sword tamaashaa: A n.m. entertainment/fun/amusement/sport/spectacle tamaam: A adj. entire/complete/perfect/end tameez: A n.f. discernment/judgement/observance of etiquette tan: P n.m. body tanqiH: A n.f. cleaning/investigation/inquiry/issue

tangi: tanhaa: taubah:

P n.f. narrowness/hardship/poverty P adj. alone/solitary P n.m. repentance taubah taubah: intj. Heaven forbid! tauheen: A n.f. disgrace/contempt/defamation/dishonor/insult taiyaar: P adj. ready/prepared/finished/alert/ripe teer: P n.m. arrow tez: P adj. sharp/keen/caustic/pungent/swift/clever tegh: P n.m. sword/dagger ####################################################################### ######### Te -the leg/a share to leak/to drip/to fall down (fruits) collision/encounter/rivalry/competition a piece/a morsel/a part/fraction breaking/fracture/loss fixed abode/proper place/goal/limit cold/chill obstacle/kick/stumble crookedness

Taan.g: Tapaknaa: Takkar: TukRaa: TooT: Thikaanaa: ThanD: Thokar: TeRh:

H H H H H H H H H

n.f. v. n.f. n.m. n.f. n.m. n.f. n.f. n.f.

####################################################################### ######### se -confirmed/established/fixed/stable a fixed star shining brightly/splendid/sublime stability/endurance/resolution/constancy permanence/a seal/writing

saabit: saabit: saaqib: sabaat: sabt: suboot:

A adj. A n.m. A adj. A n.m. A n.m. A n.m. evidence/proof/conviction/constancy/stability saarwat: A n.f. wealth/power/influence saraa: A n.m. the earth siqaafat: A n.f. culture siqaalat: A n.f. burden/weight siqaahat: A n.f. reliability/trustworthiness sawaab: A n.m. reward/recompense sawaabit: A n.m. the fixed stars (plu. of saabit)

####################################################################### ######### jeem ---magic/conjuring/charm/effect of evil alluring/attractive running/flowing/current/continuing a fief goblet

jaadu: spirits jaazib: jaaree: jaagir: jaam:

P A A P P

n.m. adj. adj. n.f. n.m.

jaan: jaanee: jaanee: jaahil: jaa'edaad: jaa'iz: jabeen.: judaa: judaaee: jazb: jazbah: jurm: jurmaanah: justjoo: jism: jashn: ja'l: jafaa: jigar: jalaal: jalwah: jamaal: janaab: janaazah: jumbish: jannat: jang: junoon: jawaab: jawaan: jawaahir: josh: jahaaz: jahaan: jahaannum: jeewan:

P P P A P H P P P A A A P P A P A P P A A A A A P A P A A P A P A P A H

n.f. adj. n.m. adj. n.f. adj. n.f. adj. adj. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.f. n.m. n.m/f. n.m. n.m. intj. n.m. n.f. n.f. n.f. n.m. n.m. adj. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.m.

soul/life/mind/vigor/sweetheart/beloved of or relating to life a beloved/a lover ignorant/illiterate/barbarous property/estate/assets legal/permitted the forehead separate/apart/asunder/peculiar separation/absence allurement/attraction passion/rage/desire/feeling crime/guilt fine/penalty search/inquiry body a feast/celebration counterfeit oppression/injustice/injury liver/heart/soul/mind splendor/majesty lustre/splendour/display/show beauty/elegance sir!/your honor! corpse/funeral movement paradise/garden battle/war madness/insanity answer/equal/parallel/match young/youth jewls/gems (plu. of jauhar) heat/zeal/enthusiasm/passion/lust ship/vessel the world hell life/existence

####################################################################### ######### che --remedy/cure/help/aid/resource a sheet/veil/waterfall active/alert/healthy/fat/hale and hearty a small knife gait/walk/custom/trick/strategem clever/expert/cunning/nimble the moon moonlight silver/wealth desire/love/affection/need/choice look/glance/appearance lamp meadow/pasture alert/active/clever/quick/tight eye/hope

chaarah: chaadar: chaaq: chaaqoo: chaal: chaalaak: chaan.d: chaan.dani: chaan.di: chaah: chitwan: charaagh: charaagaah: chust: cashm:

P P T P H P H H H H H P P P P

n.m. n.f. adj. n.m. n.f. adj. n.m. n.f. n.f. n.f. n.f. n.m. n.f. adj. n.f.

chasm-e-baddoor:intj. chashm-o-chiraagh:n.m. chasmak: P n.m. chakaan.: P adj. chilman: H n.m. chamak: H n.f. chaman: P n.m. chand: P adj. chah: P suff. chehraa: P n.m. cheez: P n.f. chain: H n.m. Word beginning with baRi he/khe

God preserve from evil eyes! light of the eye/dearly beloved wink/winking/misunderstanding/spectacles dropping/distilling a venetian blind glitter/splendour/flash/gleam flower garden how many/how much/few/how often/how long used to form dimunitives face/visage/a mask thing/commodity ease/comfort/rest/peace

####################################################################### ######### baRi he ------generous (derived from Haatim Tai) accident/occurence/calamity/misfortune present/ready/in attendance ruler/governor/judge/an official state/condition/narrative/circumstance condition/state/circumstance (plu. love/friendship/desire/affection/wish beloved/sweetheart/comrade/friend veil/modesty/bashfulness/night boundary/limit very/at most/utmost point sharpness/fury/acrimony/poignancy novelty/innovation boundaries/penal laws Intelligence/wisdom heat/fever/ardor/fervor/zeal unlawful/forbidden eager/greediness/desire/ambition emancipation/freedom firmness of mind/resolve grief/sadness/sorrow reckoning/account/computation/rate/sense regret/intense sorrow/desire/longing beauty/elegance beautiful/elegant/charming/handsome state/dignity/pomp/retinue fort/enclosure/fence acquisition/profit/advantage/achievement share/portion/lot dignity/a title of respect presence of superior authority Your Highness! guarding/security/safety just/truth/right truth/reality/narration/condition order/decree/statute/law

Haatim: Haadisah: Haazir: Haakim: Haal: Haalat: Haalaat) Hubb: Habeeb: Hijaab: Hadd: Hadd: Hiddat: Hads: Hudood: Hizaaqat: Haraarat: Haraam: Hirs: Hoorriyat: Hazm: Huzn: Hisaab: Hasrat: Husn: Haseen: Hashmat: Hisaar: Husool: Hissah: Hazrat: Huzoor: Huzoor: Hifaazat: Haqq: Haqeeqat: Hukm:

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

n.m. n.m. adj. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.f. n.m. n.m. n.f. adv. n.f. n.m. n.m/f. n.m. n.f. adj. n.f. n.f. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.f. adj. n.f. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. intj. n.f. adj. n.f. n.m.

Hikmat: A n.f. wisdom/knowledge/cleverness/device Hakeem: A n.m. wise man/doctor/philosopher Halaal: A adj. legal/permitted Himaayat: A n.f. protection/patronage/support/defence Hamlah: A n.m. attack/assault/invasion Hawaas: A n.m. the senses Hawaalah: A n.m. charge/custody/care Hoor: A n.f. virgin of Paradise/nymph Hausalah: A n.m. capacity/courage/spirit/resolution/desire Hayaa: A n.f. modesty/shame Hayaat: A n.f. life/existence Haiseeyat: A n.f. rank/capacity/merit/status/prestige Hairaan: A adj. amazed/confounded/perplexed/worried ####################################################################### ######### khe --khaas: A adj. special/particular/private/noble/unmixed khaatir: A n.f. the heart/mind/memory/sake/behalf/choice/favor khaak: P n.f. dust/earth/ashes khaalis: A adj. pure/genuine/sincere(friend) khaam: P adj. raw/green/inexpert/immature/vain khaamosh: P adj. silent khaandaan: P n.m. family/lineage/dynasty khaanum: P n.f. lady/princess/wife khaanah: P n.m. house/room/compartment/partition khabar: A n.f. news/information/report/rumor/notice khatm: A n.m. conclusion/seal khatm: A adj. finished/done khajaalat: A n.m. shame/bashfulness khajaalat: P adj. happy/auspicious/blessed khuda: P n.m. God khidmat: A n.f. service/office/duty kharaab: A adj. bad/depraved/ruined/spoiled/wretched/obscene khurram: P adj. happy khareed: P n.f. purchase khazaan.: P n.f. autumn/decay/old age khizaanah: P n.m. treasury/treasure khastah: P adj. wounded/broken/sorrowful khushk: P adj. dry/withered/cynic khatt: A n.m. letter/note/mark khataa: A n.f. mistake/slio/oversight/error khutbah: A n.m. sermon/oration/introduction khatrah: A n.m. danger/fear/risk khafaa: A n.f. concealment/secrecy khafaa: P adj. angry/displeased khalaas: A n.m. deliverance/redemption/freedom khilaaf: A n.m. opposition/contraiety/falsehood khilaaf: A prep. against khalish: P n.f. prick/pain/anxiety/apprehension khumaar: A n.m. intoxication khanjar: A n.m. dagger

khwaab: khwaar: khwaahish: khoob: khood: khoodi: khoorsheed: khoosh: khoon: khiyaaban: khayaal: khair: khair: khair:

P P P P P P P P P P A A A A

n.m. adj. n.f. adj. n./adj. n.f. n.m. adj. n.m. n.m. n.m. adj. adv. n.f.

sleep/dream wretched/deserted/friendless/poor desire/request/demand good/excellent/beautiful/amiable self/private/personal/own egotism/vanity/presence of mind sun pleasing/happy blood/murder flower-bed/flower garden thought/imagination/opinion/care/respect good/best very well welfare/happiness

####################################################################### ######### daal ---daakhil: daad: daar: daar: daar: daaraa: daaru: daaru: daastaan: daagh: daam: daam: daaman: daanaa: daanistah: daanish: daa'im: dakhl: dar: dar: durr: daraaz: darbaar: darkhwaasht: dard: dars: durust: durusht: darmiyan: darwaazah: darya: duzd: dastoor: dushman: dushnaam: dushwaar: du'aa: A P P P A P H P P P P H P P P P A A P P A P P P P H P P P P P P P P P P A adj. n.m. n.f. suff. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.f. n.f. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. adj. adv. n.f. adj. n.m. n.m. prep. n.m. adj. n.m. n.f. n.m. n.m. adj. adj. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.f. adj. n.f. entering justice/appeal/revenge/praise gallows/a piece of wood having/holding house/country holder/sovereign/king alcohol medicine/remedy story/fable/tale scar/blemish/stain/calamity/grief/loss net/snare price/value skirt/foot of a mountain/a lap wise/learned knowingly knowledge/science/learning perpetual/permanent entrance/access/reach/skill door/gate/entrance in/into/within/to/about/by pearl long/tall/extended court (royal) request/petition/appeal pain/affliction/sympathy/compassion sight/view/look right/proper/well/safe/precise rough/hard/rigid/oppressive/fierce middle/midst/interval door/gate a large river/sea thief custom/usage/manner/rule enemy abuse/invective difficult blessing/prayer/wish

da'wat: da'waa: daghaa: daf'a: dafn: diqqat: dil:

A A P A A A P dil aawar: dilbar: dil band: dil chasp: dil kharaash: dil daar: dil daar: dil daari: dil doz: dil rubaa: dil rubaa: dil rubaa: dil sokhtah: dil soz: dil shaad: dil fareb: dil figaar: dil kash: dil geer: dil lagi: dil nawaaz: dilaasaa: P dam: P dimaagh: A dunyaa: A dawaa: A door: P daur: A dost: P daulat: A diyaar: A deedaar: P deedah: P deen: A deewaar: P deewaanah: P

n.f. n.m. n.f. n.f. n.m. n.f. n.m. adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. n.m. n.f. adj. adj. adj. n.m. adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. n.f. adj. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.m. adj. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.m.

invitation/banquet claim/law suit/charge/demand/accusation deceit/treachery/delusion time/turn/section/class burial/concealment difficulty/intricacy/minute point heart/soul/courage/generosity/wish brave/valiant lovely/sweetheart charming/attractive interesting/pleasing/delightful heart rending charming/beloved sweetheart consolation heart-piercing fascinating/alluring fascinating/alluring sweetheart grieved/suffering touching/pathetic/passionate/ardent cheerful charming/alluring/enticing/beautiful melancholy attractive/winning melancholy amusement/diversion soothing (the mind) consolation/encouragement breath/vitality/moment/edge of a sword brain/intellect/airs/conceit world/worldly goods medicine distant/remote/far revolving/period/cycle/orbit friend/lover riches/fortune/happiness/cause/means country/region sight/interview the eye faith/religion a wall madman

####################################################################### ######### Daal ---lake/pond/water pot robbery fear path/road

Daabar: Daakaa: Dar: Dagar:

H H H H

n.m. n.m. n.m. n.f.

####################################################################### #########

zaat: zaati: zaakir: zaakir: zikr: zillaat: zaleel: zauq: zehn:

A A A A A A A A A

n.f. adj. adj. n.m. n.m. n.f. adj. n.m. n.m.

zaal ---being endowed with/soul/self/caste/race innate/inherent/essential/natural remembering/grateful grateful person/obe who praises God remembrance/memory/Qur'an recital insult/dishonor/affront/abjectness abject/base/wretched/contemptible taste acumen/wit/sagacity/understanding

####################################################################### ######### re -rest/repose/comfort/tranquility/ease mystery/secret true/honest/straight/even/level path/road/manner willing/satisfied/agreed/pleased road/pathcustom/journey/method a guide conductor/leader/guide creator/god

raaHat: raaz: raast: raastah: raazi: raah:

A n.f. P n.m. P adj. P n.m. A adj. P n.f. raah bar: n.m. raah numaa: n.m. rabb: A n.m. rahm: A n.m. mercy/pity/compassion/kindness/tenderness rukh: P n.m. face/cheek/side/point rukhsaar: P n.m. face/cheek/complexion/aspect rukhsat: A n.f. leave/permission/dismissal/indulgence radd: A n.m. rejection/repulsion/returning razm: P n.m. war/battle rasm: A n.f. marking/writing/established usage/model/law rasan: P n.f. rope/string/cord ruswaa: A adj. infamous/dishonored/disgraced rasool: A n.m. a prophet rishtah: P n.m. thread/line/relationship/kinship/alliance rashk: P n.m. jealousy/envy/malice/spite raghbat: P n.f. strong desire/esteem/pleasure raftaar: P n.f. speed/pace/walk/motion rafi': A adj. high/sublime/exalted rafeeq: A n.m. friend/ally raqs: A n.m. dance/dancing raqeeb: A n.m. rival/competitor ran.j: P n.m. grief/sorrow/trouble/inconvience ran.jish: P n.m. grief/indignation/misunderstanding/anguish ran.g: P n.m. color/dye/fashion/enjoyment ran.geen: P adj. colored/lively/elegant/flowery/figurative rawaanah: P adj. despatched/proceeding rooH: A n.f. soul/spirit/life/essence/divine revelation roz: P n.m. a day

roz: rozah: raushan/roshan: raunaq: resham:

P P P A P

adj. n.m. adj. n.f. n.m.

daily a fast light/illuminated/bright/clear/splendid lustre/beauty/elegance/freshness silk

####################################################################### ######### Re -This letter does not occur as the first letter of a word and hence there are no entries. The letter has the sound of a hardened 'r' and is often used interchangeably with Daal.

####################################################################### ######### ze -weeping/lamentation/garden/desire/wish tongue/language/flame (of a candle) above/superior/greater/top vigorous/violent/tyrranical/superior uneasiness of mind/trouble/pain wound/damage/loss struck/stricken/oppressed gold cold curl/ringlet/tress time/age/period ground/earth chain prison/jail life/living/existence alive/living never/by no means beware! quickly/soon/suddenly force/strength/power/influence/stress poison too much/more/excessive pilgrimage/visit (a shrine) adorned/beautiful/proper/graceful decoration/beauty

zaar: zabaan: zabar:

P P P zabardast: zaHmat: A zakhm: P zadah: P zar: P zukaam: A zulf: P zamaanah: P zameen: P zanjeer: P zindaan: P zindagi: P zindah: P zinhaar: P zinhaar: P zood: P zor: P zahr: P ziyaadah: P ziyaarat: A zebaa: P zeenat: A

n.m. n.f. n.m. adj. n.f. n.m. adj. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.m. n.f. n.f. n.m. n.f. adj. adv. intj. adv. n.m. n.m. adj. n.f. adj. n.f.

####################################################################### ######### zhe --hail/dew/frost deep/penetrating/acute of mind dishevelled/entangled/intricate terrible/furious/angry/rapacious

zhaalah: zharf: zholeedah: zhiyaan:

P P P P

n.m. n.m. adj. adj.

####################################################################### ######### seen ---saajan: H n.m. lover/sweetheart/beloved saaHir: A n.m. magician saaHil: A n.m. shore/beach saadah: P adj. simple/plain/candid/sincere saaz: P n.m. apparatus/equipment/concord saazish: P n.f. conspiracy/intrigue/collusion saaqee: A n.m. cup-bearer/page/beloved saal: P n.m. year saalim: A adj. safe/sound/perfect/whole saamaan: P n.m. apparatus/custom/understanding/power saan.ch: H n.f. truth/reality saan.s: H n.m./f. breath/sigh saa'ir: A n.m. thw whole/the rest/wandering/walking/tax/duty saayah: P n.m. shadow/shade/shelter/apparition sabab: A n.m. cause/reason sabaq: A n.m. lesson/lecture/advancing subuk: P adj. light/delicate/trivial/frivolous/futile sitaarah: P n.m. star sitaan.: P adj. taking/seizing sitam: P n.m. oppression/tyranny/injustice/violence sajdah: A n.m. prostration saHar: A n.m. dawn/morning sakht: P adj. hard/firm/cruel/harsh/vehement sukhan: P n.m. speech/words/business/affair sukhan war: adj. eloquence sar: P n.m. head/top/pinnacle/origin/chief/desire sar afraaz: adj. exalted sar bastah: adj. hidden/secret sar basar: adv. wholly/entirely sar buland: adj. eminent/glorious sar taabee: n.f. rebellion sar taaj: n.m. chief/leader sar-e dast: adv. at present/immediately sar-e raah: adv. on the road sar zameen: n.f. country/limits/region sar-e shaam: n.f. about evening/evening sar-o saamaan: n.m. necessities/furniture/luggage siraaj: A n.m. lamp/candle/sun surkh: P adj. red sard: P adj. cold/damp/dull/dead suroor: A n.m. pleasure/joy/exhilaration sazaa: P n.f. correction/punishment/requital sust: P adj. loose/frail/lazy/slow/dull sifaarish: P n.f. recommendation safar: A n.m. journey safed: P adj. white saktah: P n.m. trance/swoon/pause sukoot: A n.f. silence/peace/rest/tranquility sukoon: A n.m. peace/rest/tranquility salaam: A n.m. salutation/peace/safety/compliment silsilah: A n.m. chain/series/pedigree/genealogy

saleeqah: A n.m. good disposition/good taste/mode/skill sang: P n.m. stone/weight sanh: A n.m. year/era siwaa: P adv. except/save/but/besides sawaal: A n.m. question/petition/application/request/demand saudaa: P n.m. trade/marketing/goods soz: P n.m. burning/passion/vexation saugand: P n.m. oath soona: H adj. void/empty/desolate/lonely siyaah: P adj. black/dark/unfortunate/bad sair: A n.f. walk/excursion/recreation/amusement seerat: A n.m. quality/nature/disposition sailaab: A/P n.m. flood/deluge/torrent seenah: P n.m. chest/bosom ####################################################################### ######### sheen ----bravo! well done! (contr. of shaadbaash)

shaabaash: P intj. shaakh: P n.f. branch/bough/dilemma/difficulty/objection shaad: P adj. happy/cheerful/delighted shaadaab: P adj. full of water/fresh/agreeable/verdant shaa'ir: A n.m. poet shaagird: P n.m. pupil/apprentice/servant shaam: P n.f. evening shaamil: A adj. including/comprising/connected/mingled/common shaan: A n.f. dignity/glory/grandeur shaah: P n.m. king/prince/monarch shaahtir: n.m. a beam/roof support shahzaadah: n.m. prince shaayad: P adv. perhaps/probably shab: P n.f. night shab bakhair: intj. goodnight! shabnam: n.f. dew shabaab: A n.m. youth shabeenah: P adj. nocturnal shujaa': A adj. brave shakhs: A n.m. a person/individual/being/body sharaab: A n.f. wine/liquor sharaarah: A n.m. spark/gleam/flash sharaafat: A n.f. nobility/civility/good manners shart: A n.f. condition/agreement/wager sharm: P n.f. shame/modesty shuroo': A n.m. beginning shareef: A adj. noble/eminent/honorable shi'r: A n.m. verse/couplet shu'lah: A n.m. flame/blaze/flash/light shu'oor: A n.m. wisdom/intellect shafaqat: A n.f. kindeness/compassion/mercy shakk: A n.m. doubt/suspense/hesitation shikaar: P n.m. hunting/prey shikaayat: A n.f. complaint/accusation/illness

shukr: shakl: shikwah: shumaar: shams: shamsher: shama': shinaas: shokh: shor: shauq: shahd: shahr: shuhrat: shaheed: shaikh: shekhi: sher: shireen: shishah: shaitaan:

A A A/P P A P A P P P A P P A A A A P P P A

n.m. n.f. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.f. adj. adj. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.m. adj. n.m. n.m.

gratitude form/appearance/model/image/diagram complaint/chiding counting/numbering/estimation/account the sun sword lamp/candle knowing/acquainted with/intelligence playful/mischievous/bold/insolent noise/outcry/tumult/clamor/ardor taste/fondness/desire/interest honey city renown/fame/rumor martyr elder bragging lion/tiger/brave man sweet/pleasant/gentle glass/bottle/glass pane satan/devil/demon

####################################################################### ######### saad ---master/lord/ruler/companion/title clean/pure/innocent/clear/legible/plain morning/dawn patience/endurance/submission/suffering companionship/society/conversation plain/desert right/correct/genuine/sound/pure/just chest/bosom/chief shock/blow/calamity/collision/suffering only/mere/sheer purely/exclusively difficulty/hardship peace/treaty/integrity/advice/counsel idol/sweetheart/mistress

saahib: A n.m. saaf: A adj. subH: A n.f. sabr: A n.m. suHbat: A n.f. saHraa: A n.m. saHeeH: A adj. sadr: A n.m. sadmah: A n.m. sirf: A adj. sirf: A adv. sa'oobat: A n.f. salaaH: A n.f. sanam: A n.m. surat: A n.f. form/figure/countenance/aspect/manner/plight

####################################################################### ######### zaad ---governor/master/possessor strict/punctual/patient/disciplinarian rule/custom/canon/law/code sponsor/surety/guarantor lost/destroyed/wasted/fruitless the contrary/opposition/stubborness injury/beating/impression (plu. zarbaat) injury/damage/harm/affliction/loss/ruin

zaabit: zaabit: zaabitah: zaamin: zaa'i: zidd: zarb: zarar:

A A A A A A A A

n.m. adj. n.m. n.m. adj. n.f. n.f. n.m.

zaroor: zaroor: zaroorat: zu'f: za'if: zalaal: zamaanat: zameer: zau: ziyaa: zeeq:

A A A A A A A A A A A

adj. adv. n.f. n.m. adj. n.m. n.f. n.f. n.f. n.f. n.f.

necessary/expedient/needful certainly/absolutely need/compulsion/want/exigency weakness/feebleness weak/infirm/feeble/old/faint error/fault/vice surety/bond mind/heart/thought/reflection/sense light/sunlight light/splendour/brilliancy anguish/melancholy/

####################################################################### ######### to-e ---sweet/agreeable/pure/excellent obedience/devotion (plu. taa'aat) arch/cupola/niche strength/power/might seeker/enquirer/lover/candidate nature/temperament/disposition palpitating/throbbing manner/mode/form/design/plan manner/fashion/way side/margin/direction method/custom/path/way blame/reproach/censure/chide divorce/repudiation search/inquiry//wish/demand/request manner/condition/mode/state storm/tempest/hurricane ready

taab: taa'at: taaq: taaqat: taalib: tabi'at: tapaan.: tarh: tarz: taraf: tariqah: ta'n: talaaq: talab: taur: toofaan: taiyyaar:

A A A A A A P A A A A A A A A A A

adj. n.f. n.m. n.f. n.m. n.f. adj. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.f. n.m. n.m. adj.

####################################################################### ######### zo-e ---tyrant/oppressor manifest/clear/evident outwardly/manifestly witty/subtle/fine victory/triumph/gain oppression/tyranny suspicion ally/associate

zaalim: zaahir: zaahiraa: zarif: zafar: zulm: zann: zaheer:

A A A A A A A A

n.m. adj. adv. adj. n.m. n.m n.m. n.m.

####################################################################### ######### ain --powerless/weak/helpless/dejected custom/habit/usage/practice/manner just/sincere/righteous

'aajiz: 'aadat: 'aadil:

A A A

adj. n.f. adj.

'aazim: A adj. determined/resolute 'aashiq: A n.m. lover/suitor 'aaqibat: A n.f. end/conclusion/future life 'aaqibat: A adv. finally/at last 'aaqil: A adj. wise/sensible 'aalam: A n.m. world/universe/regions/public/beauty/period 'aalim: A adj. learned/wise/intelligent 'aali: A adj. high/sublime/exalted/grand 'aam: A adj. common/public/general/ordinary (plu. 'awaamm) 'ibaadat: A n.f. prayers/devotion 'ibaarat: A n.f. composition/style/diction 'abas: A adj. useless/profitless/trifling/idle 'abd: A n.m. slave/servant of God 'ibrat: A n.f. warning/admonition 'itaab: A n.m. rebuke/reproach/anger/displeasure 'ajab: A n.m. wonder/astonishment 'ajab: A adj. wonderful/amazing/strange/rare 'ajeeb: A adj. wonderful/surprising/rare/admirable/unique 'adaalat: A n.f. court of justice/tribunal/justice/law 'adam: A n.m. non-existence/nothing/annihilation 'azaab: A n.m. torment/pain/punishment 'arsh: A n.m. roof/canopy/highest heaven 'arz: A n.f. petition/request/exposition/review 'irfaan: A n.m. knowledge/science/wisdom 'urooj: A n.m. ascension/rising/exaltation 'uryaan: A n.m. naked/bare/devoid 'izzat: A n.f. honor/esteem/glory/reputation 'azeez: A adj. dear/beloved/honored/respected/worthy 'ishrat: A n.f. pleasure/enjoyment/mirth/society 'ishq: A n.m. love/excessive passion 'atr: A n.m. perfume 'atf: A n.m. kindness/favor/affection/present 'azeem: A adj. great/high in dignity/large 'iffat: A n.f. purity/chastity 'aql: A n.m. intellect/reason/knowledge 'uqoobat: A n.f. punishment/torment/torture 'ilaaj: A n.m. cure/treatment/antidote 'ilaaqah: A n.m. jurisdiction/area/tenure 'illat: A n.f. fault/defect/bad habit/illness/pretext/basis 'ilm: A n.m. knowledge/science/doctrine 'aleem: A adj. wise/learned 'imaarat: A n.f. building/edifice 'umr: A n.f. age/life-time/span of life 'amalan: A adv. practically/truly 'inaad: A n.m. enmity/obstinacy 'awaam: A n.m. populace/common people (plu. of 'aam) 'aurat: A n.f. woman/wife/nudity 'aiyaash: A adj. luxurious/rakish/addicted to pleasure 'aish: A n.m. pleasure/delight/luxury ####################################################################### #########

ghaalib: A adj. ghaalib: A adv. ghaa'ib: A adj. ghubaar: A n.m. ghaddaar: A adj. gharaz: A n.f. ghuroor: A n.m. gharib: A adj. poor/destitute/strange/innocent/wonderful ghazal: A n.f. ode/poem ghash: A n.m. stupor/fainting ghussah: A n.m. anger/passion/rage/anxiety/grief ghaflat: A n.f. negligence/drowsiness/stupor ghulaam: A n.m. slave/boy/youth ghalat: A adj. wrong/incorrect/inaccurate ghaleez: A adj. dirty/filthy/gross/coarse/obscene gham: A n.m. grief/sorrow/concern/care gham khwaar: adj. consoling gham deedah: adj. afflicted/grieved gham gusaar: n.m. comforter ghammaaz: A n.m. informer/tattletale/back-biting ghaur: A n.m. deep thought/meditation/close attention ghair: A n.m. stranger/foreigner ghair: A adv. besides ghair: A adj. other/different/alien/bad ghair: A prep. without/except/but/save ghairat: A n.f. honor/modesty/bashfulness/envy/enmity ####################################################################### ######### fe -a boaster apparent/known/notorious distance/space/separation superfluous/accomplished person/virtuous starvation/fasting/poverty benefit/profit/utility superior/great sedition/revolt/mischief/temptation judicial decree glory/honor/pride/egotism sacrifice/devotion/ransom/exchange lover separation/anxiety/absence/distance garden/paradise angel/apostle/prophet/messenger opportunity/leisure/rest/recovery duty/moral obligation/statute difference/distance/separation/defect separation/disunion/absence (of lovers) mandate/order/royal decree order for

ghain ----victorious/predominant often/likely/most probably hidden/absent vapor/fog/mist/dust/vexation disloyal/treacherous intention/meaning/design/view/want pride/vanity

faakhir: A n.m. faash: P adj. faasilah: A n.m. faazil: A adj. faaqah: A n.m. faa'idah: A n.m. faa'iq: A adj. fitnah: A n.m. fatwaa: A n.m. fakhr: A n.m. fida: A n.m. fidaa'ee: A&P n.m. firaaq: A n.m. firdaus: A n.m. farishtah: P n.m. fursat: A n.f. farz: A n.m. farq: A n.m. furqat: A n.f. farmaan: P n.m. farmaa'ish: P n.f. goods/requisition/pleasure/will

faro: P adj. down/below/under faryaad: P n.f. complaint/cry fareb: P n.m. deceit/trick/fraud faza': A n.f. lamentation/wailing fasanah: P n.m. romance/tale/fable fazl: A n.m. excellence/virtue/reward/wisdom fitrat: A n.f. nature/creation/deceit/intrigue/wisdom fughaan.: P n.m. clamor/lamentation/cry of distress faqr: A n.m. poverty fikr: A n.m./f. opinion/notion/care/concern/anxiety/counsel figaar: P adj. wounded/sore/afflicted/confused falak: A n.m. sky/heaven/fortune/fate fuwaad: A n.m. the heart fauj: A n.f. army/crowd/multitude fauran: A adv. immediately/quickly/directly fahm: A n.m. understanding/intellect faisalah: A n.m. settlement/decree/decision faiz: A n.m. liberality/grace/bounty ####################################################################### ######### qaaf ---worthy/able/competent/deserving/clever power/command/authority/possession/hold murderer/assassin/homicide judge custom/rule/manners/habit/established

qaabil: A adj. qaaboo: P n.m. qaatil: A n.m. qaazee: A n.m. qaa'idah: A n.m. order qaafiyah: A n.m. rhyme/metre/cadence qaanoon: A n.m. rule/law/system/state qaa'il: A adj. confessing/agreeing/conceding/subdued qaa'im: A adj. erect/stagnant/firm/durable qabr: A n.f. grave/tomb qabzah: A n.m. gridp/clutch/possessing/power/hilt of a sword qubool: A n.m. consent/acceptance/assent/recognition qatl: A n.m. killing/murder/assassination qadd: A n.m. stature/size/height qadr: A n.f. dignity/honor/worth/value qudrat: A n.f. power/strength/universe/nature qadam: A n.m. step/pace/footstep qaraar: A n.m. residence/stability/rest/patience/satisfaction qurbaan: A n.m. sacrifice/victim/offering qarz: A n.m. debt/loan qareeb: A adj. near/adjacent/akin/approaching qasam: A n.m. an oath qism: A n.f. sort/kind/species/portion/nature qismat: A n.f. fortune/fate/share/portion/head/category qusoor: A n.m. fault/defect/blame/sin/failure qissah: A n.m. tale/fable/romance/quarrel/dispute qazaa: A n.f. fate/destiny/jurisdiction/judgement qafas: A n.m. cage/network/body qalb: A n.m. heart/mind/soul/intellect/marrow/pith

qalam: A n.m. reed/pen/handwriting qamar: A n.m. the moon qaul: A n.m. word/saying/promise/consent/vow qaum: A n.m. nation/people qiyaamat: A n.f. resurrection/Judgement Day/tumult qaid: A n.f. imprisonment/confinement/obstacle/control qeemat: A n.m. price/value/woth/cost ####################################################################### ######### kaaf ---scribe/writer false affair/work/labor/duty/profession caravan/large company of pilgrims cup/goblet/bowl would that ! discoverer/revealer paper/letter/document infidel/sweetheart/mistress impious/ungrateful camphor sufficient/enough

kaatib: A n.m. kaazib: A adj. kaar: P n.m. kaarwaan: P n.m. kaasah: P n.m. kaash: P intj. kaashif: A adj. kaaghaz: P n.m. kaafir: A n.m. kaafir: A adj. kaafur: A n.m. kaafi: P&A adj. kaam: P n.m. palate/desire/object/purport/design/intention kaamraan: adj. successful/fortunate/happy/blessed kaam yaab: adj. prosperous/successfulhappy/satisfied kaahish: P n.f. anxiety/pining/decline/decay kaahil: A adj. lazy/slow/indolent/relaxed/tardy/ailing kabootar: P n.m. pigeon/dove kabeer: A adj. great/large/immense kitaab: A n.m. book/writing/despatch kasrat: A n.f abundance/excess/bulk kadah: P n.m. a place (usually a suff.) karam: A n.m. kindness/favor/bounty/clemency kareem: A adj. bountiful/generous/merciful/epithet of God kas: P n.m. man/person kasab: A n.m. profession/trade kasr: A n.f. breach/loss/affliction kasal: A n.m. laxity/cowardice/depression/sickness kiswat: A n.f. dress/appearance/habit/figure/form/manner kashaakash: P n.f. struggle/dilemma/contention/grief and pain kashti: P n.f. ship/boat/vessel/tray kashish: P n.f. drawing/attraction/allurement kufr: A n.m. paganism/infidelity/profanity kafan: A n.m. shroud kul: A adj. all/complete/entire/aggregate/universe kalaam: A n.m. discourse/oration/a work/composition/objection kam: P adj. deficient/few/little/rare/scanty kam bakht: adj. unfortunate/wretched

adj. weak/feeble/powerless A n.m. excellence/perfection/miracle/art P n.f. bow/arch/spring P n.f. waist/girdle/zone/army flank/arch P n.f. deficiency/loss/abatement/reduction/dearth kameenah: P adj. mean/vulgar/base/defective kinaarah: P n.m. shore/river bank/edge/margin/limit kandah: P adj. carved/engraved koshish: P n.f. attempt/endeavor/labor/exertion koft: P n.f. beating/pain/vexation/grief/gilding kaul: H n.m. mouthful/morsel koh: P n.m. mountain/hill kaif: A n.m. intoxication kaifiyyat: A n.f. narrative/circumstances/explanation/situation keenah: P n.m. malice/rancor/enmity kamaal: kamaan: kamar: kamee: ####################################################################### ######### gaaf ---precious/costly/dear/important/heavy trifle/dust round/circumference/environs whirlpool/abyss/vortex

kamzor:

giraan.: gard: gird: girdaab: gardish:

P adj. P n.f. P n.m. P n.m. P n.f. revolution/circulation/misfortune/vagrancy gardan: P n.f. the neck giriftaar: P adj. captured/seized/smitten/prisoner/captivated garm: P adj. hot/burning/ardent/choleric/lively girau: P n.m. pledge/pawn girah: P n.f. knot/joint/knuckle giriyaan.: P adj. weeping/crying giryah: P n.m. weeping/lamentation/crying/plaint gaz: P n.m. a yard measure guzaarish: P n.f. petition/request/explanation guzaarah: P n.m. living/subsistence/passage/abode guzar: P n.f. a pass/a living/a road gazeedah: P adj. stung/bitten guzeedah: P adj. selected/chosen gusaar: P adj. taking away/dissipating/removing gustaakhee: P n.f. rudeness/arrogance/audacity guftgoo: P n.f. conversation/discourse gul: P n.m. rose/flower/ornament/brand gul badan: adj. delicate/graceful gul dastah: n.m. a bouquet gul zaar: n.m. flower-bed/garden gul sitaan.: n.m. rose-garden gulshan: n.m. a flower or rose garden gulaab: P n.m. the rose gilah: P n.m. complaint/blame/reproach/lamentation gum: P n.m. lost/missing/distracted gum raah: adj. astray/lost/wicked/depraved gum sum: adj. still/silent

gum gashtah: adj. lost/wandering gum naam: adj. nameless/anonymous/unknown/inglorious gumaan: P n.m. doubt/surmise/fancy/pride/opinion/distrust gunaah: P n.m. fault/sin/crime/guilt gawaaraa: P adj. palatable/agreeable/pleasant/nice gawaah: P n.m. a witness gawaahee: P n.m. testimony/evidence gosh: P n.m. the ear goshah: P n.m. corner/angle/cell/privacy goyaa: P adj. speaking/eloquent geer: P adj. taking/holding/seizing/conquering gesoo: P n.m. tresses/locks gaihaan.: P n.m. the world/the universe ####################################################################### ######### laam ---no/not/by no means/without rendered speechless/silenced helpless/destitute/forlorn/disabled heirless necessary/compulsory/important corpse worthy/suitable/able/qualified/decent the lip/edge/margin/shore/bank the twinkling of an eye/moment/glance taste/flavor/enjoyment/pleasure termbling/tremulous/fearing pleasantness/elegance/subtility kindness/favor/grace/pleasure slap/blow pleasantry/witticism/joke tongue/speech/dialect/word/dictionary cover/envelope/wrapper/secret word/saying stammering/speech impediment bridle/rein minute/moment lameness/limp anchor/cable/rope/public kitchen/alms candle flame/ardent desire/attachment plank/board/table/tablet/title page worth/ability/merit/skill

laa:

A laa jawaab: laa chaar: laa waaris: laazim: A laash: T laa'iq: A lab: P laHzah: A lazzat: A larzaan.: P lataafat: P lutf: A latmah: A lateefah: A lughat: A lifaafah: A lafz: A luknat: A lagaam: H lamHah: A lang: P lan.gar: P lau: H lauH: A liyaaqat: A

suff. adj. adj. adj. adj. n.f/m. adj. n.m. n.m. n.f. adj. n.f. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.f. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.f. n.f.

####################################################################### ######### meem ---which/what/that which/whilst/during... following surroundings/environs what is past or dead what is beyond or behind

maa:

maa maa maa maa

A ba'd: Haul: faat: waraa:

adv. adj. n.m. adj. adj.

maatam: maal: maalik: maani': maah:

maahir: maayoos: mubaarak: mubaahaat mubtada: mutaassif: mutabassim: mutaHammil: mutaraddid: matrook: muta'assib: matwalaa: mutawaqqi': matin: misaal: masal: majaal: majboor: mujrim: mujrim: majrooh: majma': majnoon.: muHaafiz: maHabbat: maHboob: maHboob: maHboobah: maHboos: muHtaj: maHjoob: maHdood: maHroom: moHzoon: muHsin: maHsood: maHsoos: maHzooz: maHfil: maHfooz: muHallah: miHnat: makhboot: mukhtasar: makhmal: makhmoor: madaar: mudaam:

maah maah maah maah

A A A A P paaraa: taab: jabeen: wash: A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. adj. n.m. adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. n.m. n.m. adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. adj. n.f. n.f. adj. adj. n.m. adj. n.m. adj. n.m. n.f. n.m. adj. n.f. adj. adj. n.m. adj. adj. adj. n.m. adj. adj. adj. n.f. adj. n.m. n.f. adj. adj. n.m. adj. n.m. adv.

mourning/grief riches/property/merchandise/revenue master/lord/owner/God impediment/hinderance/objection/stopper the moon/month handsome/beloved moonlight a beautiful person having a face as beautiful as the moon skilled/expert/master/excel without hope/disappointed auspicious/blessed/felicitation contending for glory/boasting/arrogance commencement/principle sorrowful/repentant/grieving smiling/laughing affable/tolerant/patient/passive hesitant/perplexed/wavering/grieved abandoned/obsolete/rejected prejudiced/partial/superstitious intoxicated/inebriated expecting/hopeful strong/solid/vigorous/obstinate simile/likeness/metaphor/example proverb/example power/strength/stability/opportunity compelled/helpless/oppressed criminal/culpable/faulty felon/criminal/sinner wounded/hurt/smitten congregation/assemblage/crowd/collection insane/madly in love protector/guardian/guard love/friendship lover/friend/sweetheart loved/lovely mistress/sweetheart confined/imprisoned needy/poor/defective modesty/shame/bashfulness limited/bounded/finite deprived/unlucky/prohibited/disappointed grieved/vexed patron/benefactor envied/hated felt/perceived/sensible pleased/delighted/rich/contented congregation/assembly kept safe/guarded/secure/memorized quarter(of a city)/street/ward labor/toil/difficulty/trial mad/insane concise/abbreviated velvet intoxicated/drunk circumference/orbit/station/dependence eternally/always/continually

muddat: A n.f. period(of time) madad: A n.f. help/assistance/reinforcement/wages madhosh: A adj. intoxicated/astonished mazaaq: A n.m. joke/taste/relish/perception mazhab: A n.m. religion/sect/doctrine muraad: A n.f. desire/will/intention/vow/tenor/meaning martabah: A n.f./m. degree/office/class/order marhalah: A n.m. stage/inn/day's journey/difficulty marhoom: A adj. dead/deceased mard: P n.m. man/male/hero/husband murdah: P adj. dead/weak/decrepit murshid: A n.m. teacher/spiritual guide marghoob: A adj. desired/beautiful marqoom: A adj. written/inscribed marmar: G n.m. marble marham: A n.m. ointment/salve/cure mareez: A n.m. patient mizaaj: A n.m. mixture/temperament/humor/pride mazaar: A n.m. shrine/tomb/grave mazah: P n.m. taste/relish/enjoyment/pleasure musaafir: A n.m. traveller/stranger mast: P adj. drunk/intoxicated masroor: A adj. glad/cheerful/pleased mash'al: A n.f. torch/lantern mushkil: A adj. difficult/intricate/hard/painful mashhoor: A adj. noted/famous/reported/proclaimed museebat: A n.f. misfortune/calamity/adversity/evil mazboot: A adj. strong/firm/resolute/valid mutaqbiq: A adj. conformable/suitable/like/in accordance with matlab: A n.m. object/aim/meaning/motive/wish/desire mazloom: A adj. injure/oppressed/wronged mu'aahid: A n.m. ally/confederate mu'ijzah: A n.m. miracle ma'shooq: A n.m. beloved/sweetheart ma'loom: A adj. known/evident/clear ma'mool: A adj. governed/prepared/customary ma'nee: A n.m. meaning/intent/signifcance/reality/essence maghz: P n.m. brain/pith/intellect maghroor: A adj. proud/arrogant maghloob: A adj. conquered/subdued muft: P adj. free/gratis maftoon: A adj. tempted/enamored/charmed/mad (with love) muflis: A adj. poor/indigent/bankrupt maflook: A adj. indigent/beggarly/destitute mufeed: A adj. profitable/beneficial/useful muqaabil: A adj. opposite/converse/against/matching maqaal: A n.m. word/speech/saying/proverb maqaam: A n.m. dwelling/station/position/basis maqbarah: A n.m. tomb/grave maqbool: A adj. accepted/chosen/grateful muqaddar: A n.m. fate/destiny/predestination muqaddam: A adj. antecedent/prior/superior/chief muqir: A adj. confessing/admitting/acknowledging muqarrar: A adj. established/fixed/certain/customary/permanent

maqsad: A n.m. intention/purpose/aim/goal/desire maqsood: A adj. intended/proposed makkaar: A adj. cunning/artful/deceitful makaan: A n.m. house/place/habitation mukaddar: A adj. turbid/muddy/sullen/gloomy/vexed mukarrar: A adv. repeatedly/again maknoon: A adj. hidden/concealed magar: P conj. unless/perhaps/except/but/however mulaazim: A n.m. servant/aide mulaaqaat: A n.f. meeting/encounter/interview/visit malaal: A n.m. sadness/grief/langor/fatigue malaamat: A n.f. censure/rebuke mulaa'im: A adj. soft/tender/gentle/placid mulk: A n.m. nation/realm/territory malool: A adj. sad/depressed/tired/bored mumtaaz: A adj. exalted/eminent/chosen mumkin: A adj. possible/feasible munaasib: A n.f. proper/suitable/fit/apt/congruous munHasir: A adj. surrounded/besieged/dependent/resting manzil: A n.f. day's journey/destination/storey/house manish: P n.f. heart/mind/soul/magnanimity/pride manzar: A n.m. countenance/visage/sight/aspect/scene manzoor: A adj. admired/chosen/approved/accepted/granted mana': A n.m. prohibition/refusal/hindrance/forbidding maut: A n.f. death/mortality mauj: A n.f. wave/surge/enjoyment/ecstasy/caprice/plenty moojib: A n.m. cause/reason maujood: A adj. present/existing/at hand/ready mausam: A n.m. season/time mauqa': A n.m. occasion/opportunity/place/situation mom: P n.m. wax mua'yyid: A adj. corroborative/confirmatory muhaajir: A n.m. refugee/emigrant mahtaab: P n.m. moonlight mihrbaani: P n.f. favor/kindness muhlat: A n.f. retarding/delay/respite/leisure mihmaan: P n.m. guest mai: P n.f. wine/liquor mai khaanah: n.m. bar/tavern mai kadah: n.m. bar/tavern maidaan: A n.m. open field/battlefield/ground muyassar: A adj. facilitated/easy/possible/feasible ####################################################################### ######### noon ---no/not/termination of the infinitive not acquainted/stranger discord/disagreement hopelessness/despair injustice nonexistent/annihilated/extinct inconstancy/frailty disliked/unacceptable/offensive

naa: naa naa naa naa naa naa naa

P&H aashnaa: ittifaaqi: ummeedee: insaafi: bood: paa'idari: pasand:

pref. adj. n.f. n.f. n.f. adj. n.f. adj.

tars: adj. hard-hearted/severe/pitiless tamaam: adj. incomplete tawaani: n.f. weakness/inability jaa'iz: adj. unlawful chaar: adj. helpless/destitute/forlorn cheez: adj. trifling/insignificant/worthless khushi: n.f. disagreeableness/displeasure daari: n.f. poverty daanistah: adv. unwittingly/unknowingly daani: n.f. ignorance deedah: adj. greedy raasti: n.f. dishonesty raazi: n.f. discontent saaz: adj. indisposed/dissonant/uncivil samajh: adj. ignorant/dull/foolish shaad: adj. cheerless/joyless/dull shukr: adj. ungrateful shinaas: adj. ignorant saaf: adj. unclean/impure/unchaste saboor: adj. impatient/restless taaqat: adj. weak/feeble farmaan: adj. disobedient fahm: adj. stupid qaabil: adj. unfit/unworthy/incapable qadr: adj. unappreciative kaam: adj. unsuccessful kas: adj. worthless/base gawaar: adj. unpleasant/unpalatable laa'iq: adj. unworthy/unsuitable/improper muraad: adj. disappointed mard: adj. unmanly ma'loom: adj. unknown mumkin: adj. impossible manzoor: adj. disallowed yaab: adj. scarce/rare naataa: H n.m. relationship/alliance/kin/affinity naach: H n.m. dance naakhun: P n.m. nail/claw naadir: A adj. rare/singular/precious naadim: A adj. penitent/ashamed/bashful naar: A n.f. fire/hell naaz: P n.m. coquetry/airs/pride/elegance/softness/delicacy naazish: P n.f. pride/arrogance naazuk: P adj. thin/slender/fragile/delicate naasoot: A n.m. humanity/human nature naafiz: A adj. having effect/piercing naak: P suff. affected with/full of naalaan: P adj. lamenting/moaning naalish: P n.f. complaint/accusation naam: P n.m. name/title/honor/fame/ naamah: P n.m. treatise/book/history naa'o: H n.f. boat/ship/vessel naa-onosh: P n.m. carousing/feasting naa'ib: A n.m assistant/deputy nabz: A n.f. the pulse nabi: A n.m. a prophet

naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa naa

nataa'ij: A n.m. results/consequences (plu. of nateejah) nateejaa: A n.m. result nisaar: A n.m. throwing/dispersion/scattering/sacrifice najm: A n.m. star/planet/fortune/horoscope najeeb: A adj. praiseworthy/noble/generous nakhraah: A n.m. airr/coquetry/trick/pretence/swagger nadeem: A n.m. intimate friend nar: S&P n.m. man/male niraalee H adj. unequalled/rare/strange nargis: P n.f. Narcissus/the eye of a mistress narm: P adj. smooth/tender/soft/slow nazaakat: P n.f. neatness/elegance/politeness nazdeek: P adj. near nisbat: A n.f relation/affinity/attribute/comparison naseem: A n.f. Zephyr/gentle breeze nishaan: P n.m. mark/sign/signal/emblem/target/scar/trace nishaanee: P n.f. mark/sign/souvenir/keepsake nashaah: P n.m. intoxication/pride/arrogance nasheen: P adj. sitting nusrat: A n.f. victory naseeb: A n.m. fortune/fate/destiny naseeHat: A n.f. advice/counsel/admonition nazaarah: A n.m. sight/view/vista nazaafat: A n.f. purity/neatness nizaam: A n.m. order/arrangement/custom/system nazar: A n.f. look/glance/favor/motive/view/countenance nazm: A n.f. poetry/verse nazm: A n.m. order/arangement na'sh: A n.f. coffin/corpse/bier ni'am: A n.f. favors/benefits na'eem: A n.f. pleasure/ease/tranquility naghmaah: A n.m. melody/song/musical note nafrat: A n.f. aversion/disgust/fright/terror nafs: A n.m. soul/spirit/essence naqsh: A n.m. painting/picture/map/mark naqshah: A n.m. portrait/model/design/example nuqsaan: A n.m. loss naql: A n.f. narration/tale/mimicing/copying/aping naqli: A adj. artificial/spurious/counterfiet nikaah: A n.m. matrimony nakbat: A n.f. calamity/misfortune nuktah: A n.m. subtlety conceit/point of wit/epigram nuktah been: adj. hypercritical nuktah cheen: adj. captious nuktah daan: adj. sagacious nigaar: P n.m. painting/picture/sweetheart/beloved nigaah: P n.f. look/glance/sight/custody/care nigaah baan: n.m. protector/guard nam: P n.m. moisture/wetness/dampness nam: P adj. moist/wet/damp namaaz: A n.f. prayer numaa'ish: P n.f. show/display/sight/spectacle namoonah: P n.m. example/sample/specimen nau: P adj. new/fresh/raw nau bahaar: n.f. early spring

nau jawaani: nau nihaal: nawaazish: P naubat: A noor: A nihaal: P nihaan.: P niyaaz: P niyyat: A nek: P neelaam: (Port.) nim: P niyoosh: P

n.f. n.m. n.f. n.f. n.m n.m n.m n.f. n.f. adj. n.m. adj. adj.

youth/prime of life sapling/young man kindness/favor/patronage turn/time light sapling latent/hidden/secret/ desire/plea/poverty/need intention/purpose/will/aim good/lucky/virtuous/pious auction middle/half listening/hearing

####################################################################### ######### vaa-o -----

o: waa: waa: waa:

waasiq: waajib: waajibaat: waajid: waahid: waar: waar: waar: waaris: waarid: waaridaat: waastah: waaste: waazih: waaqi': waaqi'i: waaqi'i: waalid: waalidah: waalah: waan: waahimah: wajaahat: wajd: wijdaan: wujood: waj-h: wajeeh: waHshat: waHeed:

waa waa waa waa

P P P P bastah: pas: rastah: sokht: A A A A A H P S A A A A A A A A A A A A H A A A A A A A A A

conj. adj. adv. prep. adj. adj. adj. n.m. adj. adj. n.m. adj. adj. n.m. suff. n.m. n.m. adj. adj. n.m. prep. adj. adj. adv. adj. n.m. n.f. adj. suff. n.m. n.f. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.f. adj.

and open again/back with bound together/attached behind/back/returning again free/delivered/escaped/carefree aversion/disgust strong/firm/confident/secure necessary/obligatory duties (plu. of waajib) possessor/creator unique/one/single/unit blow/attack/stroke like/resembling/possessing day of the week/moment heir coming/arriving/happening events/occurences (plu. of waarid) account/sake/reason/means/motive for/for the sake of clear/evident/apparent occuring/happening really/actually/truly true/real/proper father mother distracted/mad with love possessing/endowed with imagination/fancy/whim dignity/respect/beauty ecstasy/rapture/excessive love ecstasy/rapture/intuition existence/essence/being cause/reason/mode/manner/face/appearance handsome/respectable/good appearance solitude/grief/fear/sadness/loneliness singular/unique/alone

widaad: A n.f. friendship/love/affection widaa': A n.m. farewell wadood: A adj. loving/friendly war: P suff. possessing/having warnah: P adv. and if not/otherwise wazn: A n.m. weight/measure/metre/rhyme/esteem/honor waseem: A adj. handsome/fine countenance wash: P suff. like/resembling wasf: A n.m. praise/merit/virtue wusool: A n.m. collection/acquisition wasiyyat: A n.f. testament/last will/legacy/bequest wazaahat: A n.f. vivid description waza': A n.f. state/position/situation watan: A n.m. native country wa'dah: A n.m. promise/agreement waghairah: A adv. et cetera/and so forth wafaa: A n.f. fulfilling a promise/fulfilment/fidelity wafaa begaanah: adj. faithless wafaa daar: adj. faithful/sincere wafaat: A n.f. death waqt: A n.m. time/term/season/hour/opportunity waqf: A n.m. religious bequest wakaalat: A n.f. advocacy/attorneyship wakeel: A n.m. lawyer/attorney wilaayat: A n.f. a foreign country/abroad/realm/union with God walee: A n.m. lord/prince/master/friend/guardian wahm: A n.m. imagination/idea/fancy/opinion/fear/suspicion wairaagi: S n.m. ascetic/recluse weeraan: P adj. desolate/ruined weeraanah: P n.m. a ruined place weeraani: P n.f. desolation/destruction/ruin ####################################################################### ######### chhoTi he --------angel/voice from heaven hand/arm/clutches/power/slap/reach guide/leader/director necklace/garland loss/defeat/fatigue halo/nimbus/circle round the moon desert/plain/level ground the lowest region of hell terrible/horrible decline/downfall/descent gift/bequest/grant sledgehammer small hammer tool/weapon palm of the hand separation/absence from one's country separation/flight (flight of the Prophet from Mecca to Medina)

haatif: haath: haadi: haar: haar: haalah: haamoon: haawiyah: haa'ilah huboot: hibah: hatauRa: hatauRee: hathyaar: hathelee: hijr: hijrat:

P H A S&P H A P A A A A H H H H A A

n.m. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.m. n.m. n.m. adj. n.m. n.m. n.m. n.f. n.f. n.f. n.m. n.f.

hujoom: A n.m. crowd/mob/tumult/assault/attack hidaayat: A n.f. instruction/guidance/righteousness hadaf: A n.m. target/goal/object hazaa: A pron. this har: P adj. all/every/each har ek: adj. every one har baar: adv. every time har jaa'ee: adj. vagabond/faithless har dam: adv. every moment hiraas: P n.m. fear/terror/confusion/sorrow/disappointment harj: A n.m. tumult/sedition/trouble/loss/harm/injury harzah: P adj. nonsense/absurd/frivolous/vain hargiz: P adv. ever/never haryaalee: H n.f. greeness/freshness/grass hazl: A n.m. joke/jest/pleasantries hasti: P n.f. life/existence hushyaar: P adj. intelligent/alert/awake haftah: P n.m. a week hakaazah: A adv. similarly halaak: A adj. ruined/destroyed halaak: A n.f. ruin/destruction/slaughter/death hilaal: A n.m. new moon/the crescent ham: P conj. also/likewise/together/with/similar & adv. ham bazm: adj. of the same society ham batn: adj. related by blood ham batn: n.m. blood-relation/close ally ham taa: adj. equal/alike ham jalees: adj. close friend & n.m. ham jolee: n.f. playmate/equal/peer/friend & n.m. ham dard: n.f. sympathizer/partner in adversity ham raaz: adj. confidant ham raah: n.m. fellow-traveller ham zabaan.: adj. unanimous/of the same language ham saaz: adj. friendly/unanimous ham saayah: n.m. neighbor ham safar: n.m. fellow-traveller ham mazhab: adj. coreligionist ham nasheen: n.m. playmate/associate humaa: P n.m. eagle/phoenix/bird of Paradise humaayun: P adj. august/royal/fortunate himmat: A n.f. spirit/mind/courage/desire/design hameshaah: P adv. always han.gaam: P n.m. season/time/period han.gaamah: P n.m. tumult/riot/uproar/confusion/disorder hawaa: A n.f. wind/breeze/air/atmosphere hawas: A n.f. ambition/desire/lust hosh: P n.m. sense/mind/understanding haul: A n.m. terror/horror/fright hunar: P n.m. skill/art heeraa: H n.m. diamond hai'at: A n.f. astronomy/face/figure;commission/delegation

####################################################################### ######### chhoTi ye/baRi ye ----------------yaa: A intj. O! yaa: P conj. either/or yaad: P n.f. remembrance/memory/recollection yaad daasht: n.f. a note/memorandum/memory yaad gaar: memorial/souvenir/keepsake yaar: P n.m. friend/lover/companion yaaraa: P n.m. strength/courage/power yaaraanah: P n.m. friendship yaaraanah: P adv. friendly yaari: P n.f. friendship/assistance/love/intrigue yaas: A n.f. despair/fear/terror yaaghi: T n.m. rebel/enemy yaaqoot: P n.m. ruby/garnet yaawar: P adj. aiding/friendly yaawar: P n.m. assistant/companion/friend yaawari: P n.f. favor/assistance/friendship yaawah: P adj. absurd/vain/futile/lost/ruined yataamaa: A n.m. orphans (plu. of yateem) yateem: A n.m. orphan yad: A n.m. hand/power/authority/protection/succor yazdaan: P n.m. God yasaar: A n.m. left/left hand; affluence/opulence ya'ni: A adv. namely/that is to say yaqin: A n.m. certainity/assurance/truth/confidence/trust yaqinan: adv. certainly/verily/assuredly/indeed yak: P adj. one/a/an yak jaan: adj. one soul yak dil: adj. unanimous yak rukhee: adj. one-sided yak zabaan: adj. uniform opinion or speech yak sar: adj. all at once yak soo: adj. on one side/aside yak lakht: adv. all at once/suddenly yaktaa: P adj. single/unique/matchless/incomparable yagaanah: P n.m. kinsman/kindred yagaanah: P adj. unique/single/sole/agreed/unequalled yumn: A n.m. felicity/prosperity/good luck yamin: A n.m. right hand; oath yoorish: T n.f. assault/storm/invasion yaum: A n.m. a day (TAMAAM)