Sample solutions P3000 LON-CAPA Set 2 ENERGY BAND THEORY: From Neamen sect. 2.3.

The bandgap energy in a semiconductor is usually a slight function of temperature. In some cases, the bandgap energy can be modelled by Eg=Eg(0)-alpha*T^2/ (beta+T) where Eg(0) is the value of the bandgap energy at T = 0K. For silicon, the parameter values are Eg(0)=1.17 eV, alpha=0.000473 eV/K and beta=636K. In the first box, enter Eg, in eV, for T=300 K. In the second box, enter the ratio Eg(T)/Eg(300) for T= 55K. In the third box, enter the ratio Eg(T)/Eg(300) for T= 600K.

ENERGY BAND THEORY: From Neamen Sect. 2.3. The forbidden energy band of Germanium is 0.66 in eV. In the first box, enter the minimum frequency, in Hz, of an incident photon that can interact with a valence electron and elevate the electron to the conduction band. In the second box, enter the corresponding wavelength in cm. Assume that the speed of light is 3.00108 m/s.

DENSITY OF STATES: From Neamen Sect. 2.4. For GaAs, the electron effective mass (density of states) is 6.1010-31 kg and the hole effective mass (density of states) is 4.3710-31 kg. Assume a temperature of 290 K. In the first box, enter the total number of states per cm^3 in GaAs between E_c and E_c+kT. In the second box, enter the total number of states per cm^3 in GaAs between E_v and E_v-kT. (The mistake in the electron effective mass for GaAs has been brought to my attention and will be corrected later. For this problem, use the effective mass provided by CAPA.)

STATISTICAL MECHANICS: From Neamen Sect. 2.5. In the first box, enter the probability that an allowed energy state is occupied by an electron if the state is above the Fermi level by 1.5*kT. In the second box, enter the probability that an allowed energy state is occupied by an electron if the state is above the Fermi level by 5*kT.

QUANTUM: From Neamen Sect. 2.1. According to classical physics, the average energy of an electron in an electron gas at thermal equilibrium is 3kT/2. Assume that the temperature is 295 K. Enter the average electron energy in eV into the first box. Enter the average electron momentum in kg*m/s into the second box. Enter the de Broglie wavelength of the electron, in angstroms, into the third box.

STATISTICAL MECHANICS: From Neamen Sect. 2.5. Assume the Fermi Energy is exactly in the centre of the bandgap energy of a semiconductor at T=300K. In the first box, enter the probability that an energy state at E=E_c+kT/2 is occupied for AlP. In the second box, enter the probability that an energy state is empty at E=E_v-kT/2 for AlP. The width of the forbidden energy band (i.e. the bandgap) for AlP is 2.43 eV.