Table 3.

Risk matrix Scope of assessment: Risk matrix for tunnelling in the Himalayas Consequence Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic Description C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 Rare L1 R1 R1 R1 R2 R3 Unlikely L2 R1 R1 R2 R2 R3 Likelihood Possible L3 R1 R2 R2 R3 R3 Likely L4 R2 R2 R3 R3 R4 Almost certain L5 R2 R3 R3 R4 R4 Legend: Low risk Moderate risk High risk Extreme risk R1 R2 R3 R4 Level Descriptor Description of Likelihood L1 Rare Event is highly unlikely to occur on this project. L2 Unlikely Event is unlikely to occur on this project. L3 Possible Event could possibly occur on this project. L4 Likely Event is likely to occur on this project. L5 Almost certain Event is almost certain to occur, possibly several times. Level Descriptor Description and example of Consequence C1 Insignificant F: Negligible financial loss (less than 0.005% of contract sum ); P: Loss of less than 1 week; S: First aid injury treated onsite or offsite with no lost time; C: Complaints received and resolved immediately; E: Incident within the works area and rectified with no long term effect. C2 Minor F: Minor financial loss (0.005% to 0.05% of contract sum); P: Loss of 1 week to 2 weeks; S: Medical treatment minor injury resulting in less than 3 days lost time C: Complaints received by hotline and resolved within designated time E: Incident causes minor impact to local community but no long term effect. C3 Moderate F: Moderate financial loss (0.05 to 0.5% of contract sum); P: Loss of 2 weeks to 1 month; S: Medical treatment injury with 3 or more days lost time, reportable injury C: More than 1 complaint on same issue, delay in implementing measures; E: Incident causes complaint, minor impact to local community. C4 Major F: Major financial loss (0.5 to 5% of contract sum); P: Loss of 1 month to 3 months; S: Serious injury or more than 1 month lost time; C: Constant complaints leading to adjustments in working methods; E: Incident causes many complaints and possible prosecution necessitating change in methods or increase in mitigation. C5 Catastrophic F: Huge financial loss (more than 5% of contract sum); P: Loss of more than 3 months; S: Fatality with possible prosecution and suspension of works; C: Complaints cause job to be suspended and change in working methods; E: Incident causes works to be suspended due to public complaints or instruction by Police and prosecution due to breach of Environmental Laws. Descriptor: F: Financial P: Programme S: Safety C: Community Relationship E: Environment