Name: Fuat

Surname: SUMER

Number: 071635

Department: History

Topic: ’Conflict in Cyprus’ in 20th Century , Yesterday,Today, Tomorrow

on The Cyprus
 Cyprus, an island in the Eastern Mediterranean, at the cross-roads of

Three continents - Europe, Asia and Africa -has one of the oldest histories

Of the world.it’s the 3rd Largest Mediterranean Island(1.Sicily, 2.Sardinia)

Official Languages are; Turkish,English,Greek.Capital is the same for Both

Side, Nicosia. Currencies are Euro,TL,Pound.Religions are;The Turkish

Cypriots are Muslims and share the culture of their motherland, Turkey.

The Greek Cypriots, on the other hand, speak Greek, are Orthodox

Christians and profess the culture of their motherland Greece,Also you can

Find small groups of Jews, Baha’i, Protestant, Roman Catholic, Maronite,

And Armenian Apostolic.Present Population:According to CIA Statistics;

The population of Cyprus ( in July 2008) is 796,740. The population is

Mostly Greek(78%), followed by Turkish (18%), and lastly, other (5%).

Its strategic position, its wealth in forests and mineral deposits.

The first signs of human life on the island in8500 BC during the

Palaeolithic period. Evidence of human activity was

Found in cave dwellings near Liopetri.In the Bronze(Copper) Age Large

Copper deposits brought fame and wealth to the island and may have

Even given it its name. The island was conquered in succession by the

Assyrians, the Egyptians and the Persians (800-332 BC). The Roman

Period Cyprus came under Roman domination and was a colony in 58 BC.

In the middle age The Christian civilisation was consolidated in the island

During the Byzantine Period (330-1191 AD) at which time the island was

An important spiritual focus. The end of the Latin period in Cyprus came
With the Venetian rule from 1489 to 1571.Then Cyprus fell to the Turks in

1571, becoming part of the Ottoman Empire. After more than 300 years of

Turkish rule, Cyprus remained under Ottoman rule until 1878 when, with

The Treaty of Berlin, the Sultan in his effort to secure British support in his

Conflict with the Russians leased Cyprus to Great Britain. Then in 1914,

Following the entry of Turkey in World War I on the side of Germany, the

British government annexed Cyprus and the island came under British

Influence in 1878, but sovereignty was formally transferred by Turkey to

Britain in 1923.This part is the general History of Cyprus before the

Starting of Conflict With Turks And Greeks.But After the WWII There

Followed the Enosis referendum of 1950, when 96% of Greek Cypriots

Voted for Enosis, Union with Greece. In April 1955 the EOKA

Liberation Struggle, against the colonial rulers.

British colonial administration continued until 1960 when as a joint bi-

Communal state, the Republic of Cyprus was founded under international

Treaties, signed by Great Britain, Greece and Turkey, and by the leaders

Of both the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities in their

Separate capacities. The 1960 arrangements created a political

Partnership between the two national communities which would enable

Them to share power and cooperate in a bi-communal state, with the

Necessary checks and balances and guarantees. Unfortunately, this

Political partnership and the internationally sanctioned regime lasted only

Three years. The Greek Cypriots continued unlawfully to campaign against

A bi-communal independent state and on 21 December 1963 put into

Effect their plan for a general attack on the Turkish Cypriot community.

The aim was to cancellation the constitution of the country through the

Use of force and bring about ENOSIS (annexation of Cyprus to Greece).

The brutality of Greek attacks was such that the Turkish Cypriot people in

No less than 103 villages had to escape for their lives into the security of

Small enclaves scattered all over Cyprus and an extensive refugee

Problem was created as a result of Greek Cypriot attacks on Turkish

Cypriots throughout the island. The Turkish Cypriots became virtual

Prisoners and hostages in their own land. The United Nations Secretary-

General described this situation as a veritable siege. From 1964 until

1974, Turkish Cypriot people lived under difficult conditions in isolated

Enclaves, But they lived under their own rule. On 15 July 1974 Greece

Staged a Coup ın Cyprus with the aim of achieving ENOSIS. Turkey, one of

The three Guarantor states, called on Britain as the other guarantor for

Joint intervention under Article 4 of the Treaty of Guarantee. When Britain

Refrained, Turkey was compelled to intervene on her own, again in full

Accordance with the provisions of the said Treaty. Since then, peace and

Tranquility have prevailed on the island.

Why it is important?

Because, Turkish Cypriot families, forced to escape from their homes,

Withdrew into enclaves for mutual protection. This unprovoked Greek

Cypriot use of force brought about the division of the island symbolized by

The "Green line" in Nicosia. A joint political authority that could speak on

Behalf of both communities ceased to exist. But the Greek Cypriots,

Having overthrown by force the joint State and government, continued

Unlawfully to usurp the titles of the bi-communal State.

Why people should support it ?
The U.N. tried to mediate, but Greek Cypriots would not allow Turkish
Cypriots back into their legitimate positions in the Republic unless they
Abandoned fundamental constitutional safeguards. U.N. Peace-Keeping
Force sent to the island in 1964 was unable to protect the Turkish Cypriots
Against Greek Cypriot elements who were supported by some 20,000
Mainland Greek forces clandestinely sent to the island.

Turkish Cypriots Held Hostage for Eleven Years 1963-1974. For the next
Eleven years, Turkish Cypriots were held hostage in their own land
Without representation in a joint government or participation in a joint
Administration in contravention of the 1960 Treaties. Turkish Cypriot pleas
For protection and assistance were basically ignored by the international
Community and the U.N. during those eleven years.

According to the British House of Commons Select Committee on Foreign

Affairs reported in July 1987: "There is little doubt that much of the
Violence which the Turkish Cypriots claim led to the total or partial
Destruction of 103 Turkish villages and the displacement of about a
Quarter of the total Turkish Cypriot population, was either directly inspired
Or certainly connived at by the Greek Cypriot leadership. "1
The Turkish Cypriots never accepted the Greek Cypriot fait accompli of

December 1963, and in the exercise of their right to self-defense, started

To establish in stages a separate Turkish Cypriot administration in order to

Protect themselves from constant threats, and to take care of the political,

1
http://www.ataa.org/reference/trnc/genocide_trnc.html
Economic and social needs of their own community.

Bibliography
1. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/cy.html Retrived May 21 2009
 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Cyprus Retrived
May 21 2009
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_history_of_Cyprus
Retrived May 21 2009
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_dispute Retrived May
22 2009
5. http://arsiv.wordpress.com/2006/01/09/kibris-tarihi/
Retrived May 22 2009
6. http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1br%C4%B1s_Sorun
u Retrived May 23 2009

Also You can reach this From These Page

http://fuatsumer.wordpress.com