RARE EARTH ELEMENTS

Rare earth elements ("REEs") or rare earth metals are a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium. Scandium and yttrium are considered rare earth elements since they tend to occur in the same ore deposits as the lanthanides and exhibit similar chemical properties. Despite their name, rare earth elements (with the exception of the radioactive promethium) are relatively plentiful in the Earth's crust, with cerium being the 25th most abundant element at 68 parts per million (similar to copper). However, because of their geochemical properties, rare earth elements are typically dispersed and not often found in concentrated and economically exploitable forms. The few economically exploitable deposits are known as rare earth minerals. It was the very scarcity of these minerals (previously called "earths") that led to the term "rare earth". The first such mineral discovered was gadolinite, a compound of cerium, yttrium, iron, silicon and other elements. Rare earth elements are heavier than iron and thus are produced by supernova nucleosynthesis or the s-process in asymptotic giant branch stars. In nature, spontaneous fission of uranium-238 produces trace amounts of radioactive promethium, but most promethium is synthetically produced in nuclear reactors. Rare earth elements change through time in small quantities (ppm, parts per million), so their proportion can be used for geochronology and dating fossils. Rare earth pricing Rare earth elements are not exchange-traded in the same way that precious (for instance, gold and silver) or non-ferrous metals (such as nickel, tin, copper, and aluminum) are. Instead they are sold on the private market, which makes their prices difficult to monitor and track. The 18 elements are not usually sold in their pure form, but instead are distributed in mixtures of varying purity. As such, pricing can vary based on the quantity and quality required by the end user's application. Cerium Cesium Dysprosium Mischmetal Thulium Erbium Europium Lanthanum Gadolinium

Iridium Lutetium Scandium

Neodymium

Praseodymium

Samarium

Terbium

Ytterbium Yttrium

Zirconium01

Pr-Nd Alloy

Terbium Metal

Samarium Metal

Praseodymium Metal

Neodymium Metal

Dy-Fe Alloy

Lanthanum Oxide

Thulium Oxide

Gadolinium Oxide

Erbium Oxide

Terbium Oxide

Yttrium Oxide

Ytterbium Oxide

Cerium Oxide

Ferro Alloy Selenium 74 Metal Selenium Ferro Boron Ferro Chrome Ferro Silicon Ferro Molybdenum Ferro Manganese Ferro Titanium Ferro Tungsten Ferro Vanadium Ferro Nickel Ferro Niobium Ferro Phosphorus Silicon Calcium Silicon Magnesium Silicon Manganese Base Metal +Pure ingots Aluminium Minor Metal Antimony Metal Bismuth Metal Gallium Indium Metal Cadmium Metal Cobalt Metal Rhenium Metal Lithium Metal Mercury Metal Tungsten Metal Copper Nickel Lead Tin Zinc

Magnesium Metal Manganese Metal Molybdenum Metal Selenium Metal Mineral Ore Alumina/Bauxite Magnetite Columbium Ore Tantalite Ore Vanadium Ore Bismuth Ore Fluorspar Beryl Chrome Ore Iron Ore Antimony Ore Silicon Metal Titanium Metal

Lead Concentrates Lithium Ores Tin Concentrates Titanium Ores Zinc Concentrates Zircon Ore

Manganese Ore Tungsten Ore

Copper Ore Nickel Ore Uranium Wolframite

Molybdenum Concentrates Cobalt Concentrates Rare Earth Cerium Dysprosium Erbium Cesium Europium Lanthanum Terbium Scandium

'Isotopes /Pure Metals/Nano powders/Metal powder/

Gadolinium Lutetium Samarium Zirconium01

Mischmetal Neodymium Praseodymium Thulium Yttrium Steel Slab Ytterbium

Carbon Steel PPGI/PPGL/PPGF EGI HR Plates CR Sheets Tin Plate CR Plates Rebar Wire Rods Galvanized Steel Steel Billets Pipes/Tubes Silicon Steel Stainless Coils Stainless Plates Cold Rolled Coils CR Strip HDG Coil

Hot Rolled Coils HR Strip HDG Strip

HR Sheets

Stainless Steel Stainless Sheets Stainless Pipes/Tubes

NANO Nanotechnology is the science and technology of materials at the nanometer scale. It refers to the emerging set of tools, techniques and unique applications involving the structure and composition of materials at the near-atomic, or nanometer level. A nanometer (nm) is a unit of length equivalent to a billionth of a meter, or a millionth of a millimeter. With the valuable assistance knowledge of our principals added capabilities to tailor particle size, shape, and chemical composition to suit a customer's specific requirements. This enables combinations of inorganic particles with each other or with organic materials to form alloys, blends, mixtures, or composites. Existing products are constructed at the molecular scale and include nanomaterials. Depending on the application, nanomaterials are often incorporated into a wide variety of dry powders, coatings, films, pastes and inks as well as other liquid dispersions or solid forms that are used in a broad range of markets...

Elements Alloys Single Element Oxides Multi Element Oxides Carbides, Nitrides and Other Compounds Mesoporous Materials

Silicon-based nanoparticles could make LEDs cheaper, greener to produce Light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, are the most efficient and environmentally friendly light bulbs on the market. But they come at a higher up-front price than other bulbs, especially the ones with warmer and more appealing hues. Researchers at the University of Washington have created a material they say would make LED bulbs cheaper and greener to manufacture, driving down the price. Their silicon-based nanoparticles soften the blue light emitted by LEDs, creating white light that more closely resembles sunligh Rare Earths In the near future a battery + a magnet in size of a coin will be able to power a car thanks to Rare earth metals have soared to prominence in the last few years.

Used in nearly every modern day electronic batteries, phones, computers, TVs, fiber optics demand for these metals has never been higher, and is only expected to grow.

You see the chemical, nuclear, and physical properties of these metals make them ideal for numerous hightech applications. Things you've forgotten about since high school like density, melting point, thermal conductivity, and others make this group of elements perfect for use in the data transmission, touch screen, high definition, and imaging devices that power modern life...

And the more research done on these metals, the more uses we're finding: missile guidance systems, super strong and light alloys, magnets, wave tubes, neutron reflectors, and other devices that keep you safe and make your life easier without you even knowing it.

Demystifying Dysprosium

Rare earths (REEs) have become sort of a wizard behind a curtain.

Everyone knows the term and that they're important, but they've never actually seen them.

REEs have become almost mythical, the unicorns of metals.

Constantly in the headlines and capable of producing enormous profits here's to pulling back the rare earth curtain...

Dysons, and hybrids, and wires! Oh my!

Let's begin with the immense and growing uses for rare earths.Buckyballs

In a very tangible way, REEs have entered mainstream culture.

The Buckyballs on most of the desks around the office boast on the box they're made of powerful rare earth magnets.

A Dyson vacuum commercial touts a motor that "uses neodymium magnets to spin up to five times faster than a Formula One engine.

Those same magnets are used to make motors for every single hybrid car produced: the Prius, Insight, LEAF, Focus all of them.

Terbium and dysprosium are used to preserve the magnetic properties; lanthanum is used in the batteries.

And it's not just cars...

REEs are in most electronics:

Cerium is used to polish the glass screens of laptops and smartphones... Europium is needed to make TV phosphors and energy efficient backlights and lamps... Erbium for fiber-optic data transmission... Samarium for missile guidance systems.

You see how easy it is to put a face on these wizard metals?

They're in multiple devices we use every day.

And that's where the enormous profits come in.

Runaway demand

The world produced 124,000 metric tons (MT) of rare earths in 2009. Demand this year will be 136,000 MT.

Demand is forecast to rise to 210,000 MT by 2015.

And supply simply can't keep up... Supply, by the way that's 97% controlled by the Chinese.

A supply gap is emerging. At current rates, there will be a near-20,000 MT deficit by 2015.

Major mining company Lynas Corp. (ASX: LYC) recently declared a shortfall of that scope would lead to higher prices because users need the elements, which can't be easily replaced.

Higher prices isn't really the right term here. The cost of REEs is going ballistic.

Take dysprosium: It cost $96.50 per pound in 2001. Today it sells for more than $150.

And as with most metals, the mining companies are making the most money. It's not like you can run out and just buy some dysprosium...

The above-mentioned Lynas is up 200% in six months. Others have crested the 600% mark.

Lynas Corp.

These stocks will only go higher as sales of hybrids, laptops, smartphones, and flat-screen TVs continue to rise and as access to REE supply becomes critical to production.

The race is on to find new supply outside of China, and one company has found what early estimates show is the largest deposit of REEs in the world.

Rare earths don't have to be some misunderstood, complex topic...

They're simply a group of metals with unique properties that are crucial to modern appliances. And we need more of them than currently exists.

As with any commodity, it pays to buy when demand is high and supply is low.

And that's exactly the situation rare earths are in right now.

Call it like you see it,

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