Hydrochlorothiazide

Molecular formula: C7H8CIN3O4S2 Molecular weight: 297.7 CAS Registry No.: 58-93-5

SAMPLE Matrix: blood Sample preparation: 1 mL Plasma + 100 ^xL 20 |xg/mL hydroflumethiazide in MeOH + 1 mL buffer + 200 |xL water + 6 mL ethyl acetate, shake for 5 min, centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min. Remove 5 mL organic layer and evaporate at 37under a stream of nitrogen. Reconstitute with 100 jxL MeOH, sonicate twice at 37for 1 min, cool at 2-8for 2 h to obtain a clear solution, inject a 20 |xL aliquot. (Buffer was 0.38 g ammonium acetate in 500 mL water, acidified to pH 5.0 with glacial acetic acid.) HPLCVARIABLES Guard column: 40 X 4 35-50 |xm C18 Corasil Column: 125 X 4 5 |xm Nucleosil 100-5 C18 Mobile phase: Gradient. A was MeCN:acetic acid:water 25:1:975. B was MeCN:acetic acid:water 500:1:500. A:B from 100:0 to 36:64 over 16 min, re-equilibrate at 100:0 for 24 min before next injection Flow rate: 1 Injection volume: 20 Detector: UV 280 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 9.0 Internal standard: hydroflumethiazide (12.0) Limit of detection: 10 ng/mL OTHER SUBSTANCES Noninterfering: acebutolol, acenocoumarol, acetaminophen, aspirin, allopurinol, ambroxol, amoxicillin, atenolol, bendroflumethiazide, benzbromarone, bezafibrate, biperiden, bisacodyl, bromazepam, butizide, caffeine, captopril, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, clobutinol, clonidine, cotinine, diazepam, diclofenac, digitoxin, digoxin, dihydrocodeine, dihydroergotamine, diltiazem, doxepin, doxycycline, enalapril, erythromycin, fenoterol, furosemide, glibenclamide, heparin, hypoxanthine, ibuprofen, indomethacin, isosorbide mononitrate, lisinopril, lovastatin, maprotiline, methyldigoxin, methyldopa, metoclopramide, metoprolol, metronidazole, midazolam, naloxone, nifedipine, nicotine, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, oxazepam, oxipurinol, penicillin V, pentoxyfylline, phenacetin, phenazone, propyphenazone, phenprocoumon, ranitidine, salicylic acid, sotalol, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, terbutaline, theophylline, tilidine, timolol, triamterene, uric acid, verapamil, vitamin C, warfarin, xanthine, purine and pyrimidine bases, nucleosides, nucleotides KEYWORDS plasma; amiloride interferes with IS REFERENCE
de Vries, J.X.; Voss, A. Simple determination of hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma and urine by high performance liquid chromatography Biomed.Chromatogr., 1993, 7, 12-14

SAMPLE Matrix: blood Sample preparation: 500 |xL Plasma + 25 |xL 20 |xg/mL procainamide.HCl in MeOH, vortex, add 5 mL MTBE, place on a reciprocating shaker at low speed for 15 min, centrifuge at 1250 g for 10 min. Remove organic layer and evaporate under a stream of nitrogen. Reconstitute in 200 |JLL mobile phase, inject 100 |xL aliquot.

HPLCVARIABLES Guard column: 20 X 4.6 Supelco Pelliguard C18 Column: 150 X 4.6 3 jjim Hypersil ODS Mobile phase: MeCN: 7 mM sodium heptanesulfonate 18:82, containing 1% glacial acetic acid and 0.035% triethylamine Flow rate: 0.8 Injection volume: 100 Detector: UV 272 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 5.1 Internal standard: procainamide.HCl (10.1) Limit of quantitation: 1 ng/mL OTHER SUBSTANCES Noninterfering: acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen KEYWORDS plasma REFERENCE
Azumaya, CT. Sensitive liquid chromatographic method for the determination of hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma. J.Chromatogr., 1990, 532, 168-174

SAMPLE Matrix: blood Sample preparation: 1 mL Plasma + 25 |ULL 10 mg/mL hydroflumethiazide in water -J- 1 mL 1 M pH 10 sodium carbonate-bicarbonate buffer + 5 mL ethyl acetate, vortex 1 min, centrifuge at 1250 g for 5 min. Remove the ethyl acetate layer and evaporate at 45 under nitrogen. Dissolve in 100 fxL mobile phase, inject 50 jxL aliquot. HPLCVARIABLES Column: 125 X 4.6 5 jxm Spherisorb ODSII Mobile phase: MeCN:MeOH:buffer 10:9:100 (Buffer was 15.54 g tetraethylammonium hydroxide and 2.9 g 89% orthophosphoric acid in 500 mL water, pH was 2.8.) Flow rate: 1.2 Injection volume: 50 Detector: UV 271 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 4.80 Internal standard: hydroflumethiazide (7.94) Limit of detection: 10 ng/mL OTHER SUBSTANCES Simultaneous: amiloride (detection by F) KEYWORDS plasma REFERENCE
Van der Meer, M.J.; Brown, L.W. Simultaneous determination of amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide in plasma by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J.Chromatogr., 1987, 423, 351-357

SAMPLE Matrix: blood, urine Sample preparation: Filter (0.45 ixm) urine or plasma. Mix plasma filtrate with an equal volume of 50 mM pH 8.0 Tris-sulfuric acid buffer containing 0.1 mM zinc acetate and 40 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. Inject a 50 jxL aliquot of the urine filtrate or the diluted plasma onto column A with mobile phase A, elute to waste with mobile phase A, after 5 min backflush the contents of column A onto column B with mobile phase B, elute with mobile phase B, monitor the effluent from column B. Re-equilibrate column A with mobile phase A for 5 min before next injection. HPLCVARIABLES Column: A 10 X 4.6 carbonic anhydrase (Prepare by adding 3 g aminopropyl silica from a Sep-Pak NH2 SPE cartridge to 30 mL 100 mg/mL N, N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate in MeCN in portions over 30 min with gentle mixing, mix for 3 h, filter (G-5 glass), wash the solid 5 times with 50 mL portions of MeCN. Add 100 mg activated gel to 2 mL 200 mM pH 8.0 phosphate buffer containing 1 M NaCl, degas by sonicating under aspirator vacuum, add 2 mL 2.5 mg/mL carbonic anhydrase in water, shake at room temperature for 4 h, centrifuge, discard the supernatant, suspend the gel in 50 mM pH 8.0 Tris-sulfuric acid buffer, slurry pack into column. Store in 50 mM pH 8.0 Tris-sulfuric acid buffer containing 0.1 mM zinc acetate when not in use.); B 150 X 4.6 Cosmosil 5C18-AR (Nakarai Tesque) Mobile phase: A 50 mM pH 8.0 Tris-sulfuric acid buffer containing 0.1 mM zinc acetate; B MeCN: 100 mM pH 5.2 acetate buffer 10:90 containing 500 mM NaCl FIo1W rate: 1 Injection volume: 50 Detector: UV 270 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 7.5 Limit of detection: 100 nM
Limit of quantitation: 1 JJIM

OTHER SUBSTANCES Also analyzed: acetazolamide, chlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, furosemide Noninterfering: acetaminophen, bumetanide, caffeine, phenylbutazone, salicylic acid, sulfamerazine, sulfamethiazole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfisomidine, sulfisoxazole, theophylline, tolbutamide, warfarin KEYWORDS plasma; column-switching REFERENCE
Ohta, T.; Takamiya, L; Takitani, S. Carbonic anhydrase-immobilized precolumn for selective on-line sample pretreatment in high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of certain sulphonamide drugs. Biomed.Chromatogr., 1994, 8, 184-188

SAMPLE Matrix: feed Sample preparation: 2 g Feed H - 20 mL MeCN, rotate at 20 rpm for 1 h, centrifuge at 1300 rpm for 15 min, inject an aliquot. HPLCVARIABLES Guard column: 100 X 6.3 30-38 ^m Co:Pell ODS (Whatman) Column: 250 X 4.6 10 jxm Lichrosorb RP-2 Mobile phase: MeOH: water: 5:95 (flush column with MeCN: water 50:50 after use)

Flow rate: 2

Injection volume: 50 Detector: UV 265

CHROMATOGRAM

Retention time: 7
REFERENCE
Spurlock, CH.; Schneider, H.G. Liquid chromatographic and ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of bevantolol and hydrochlorothiazide in feeds. J.Assoc.Off.Anal.Chem., 1984, 67, 321-324

SAMPLE

Matrix: formulations Sample preparation: Dilute 1000-fold, mix a 200 jxL aliquot with 200 |xL 100 |xg/mL hydrochlorothiazide, inject a 20 J U L L aliquot.
HPLCVARIABLES

Column: Microsorb MV C-18 Mobile phase: MeCN: water: acetic acid 6:93:1, adjusted to pH 4.0 with 6 M NaOH Flow rate: 2 Injection volume: 20 Detector: UV 254
CHROMATOGRAM

Internal standard: hydrochlorothiazide OTHER SUBSTANCES Simultaneous: ceftazidime

KEYWORDS

injections; saline; stability-indicating; hydrochlorothiazide is IS

REFERENCE
Bednar, D.A.; Klutman, N.E.; Henry, D.W.; Fox, J.L.; Strayer, A.H. Stability of ceftazidime (with arginine) in an elastomeric infusion device. Am.J.Health-Syst.Pharm., 1995, 52, 1912-1914

SAMPLE

Matrix: formulations Sample preparation: Finely powder tablets, weigh out amount equivalent to 20 mg enalapril maleate, suspend in 100 mL mobile phase, filter, inject a 5 JJLL aliquot.
HPLCVARIABLES

Column: 250 X 4.6 12 |xm Hypersil C18 Mobile phase: MeCN: water 20:80 adjusted to pH 3.8 with acetic acid Flow rate: 1 Injection volume: 5 Detector: UV 215 for 3.5 min, then UV 275
CHROMATOGRAM

Retention time: 6.7 Internal standard: caffeine (4.8) OTHER SUBSTANCES Simultaneous: enalapril
KEYWORDS

tablets

REFERENCE
el Walily, A.F.M.; Belal, S.R; Heaba, E.A.; El Kersh, A. Simultaneous determination of enalapril maleate and hydrochlorothiazide by first-derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. J.Pharm.Biomed.AnaL, 1995, 13, 851-856

SAMPLE

Matrix: formulations Sample preparation: Tablets. Grind tablets, weigh out a portion, dissolve in 50 mL mobile phase, sonicate, filter (No. 4 sintered glass plate), dilute, inject an aliquot. Capsules. Dissolve 10 capsules (without opening) in 100 mL mobile phase, sonicate, inject an aliquot. Injections, ampules, sprays. Dilute, inject an aliquot.
HPLCVARIABLES

Column: 120 X 4.6 Spherisorb C18 ODS-2 Mobile phase: Isopropanol: buffer 5:95 (Buffer was 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate containing 25 mM Na2HPO4, pH adjusted to 3.0 with HCl.) Flow rate: 1 Injection volume: 20 Detector: UV 280
CHROMATOGRAM

Retention time: 1.6 Limit of detection: 2 ng/mL

OTHER SUBSTANCES

Simultaneous: carbidopa, dopamine, epinephrine, isoproterenol, levodopa, methyldopa, norepinephrine, phenylephrine

KEYWORDS

tablets; capsules; injections; ampules; sprays

REFERENCE
Villanueva Camanas, R.M.; Sanchis Mallols, J.M.; Torres Lapasio, J.R.; Ramis-Ramos, G. Analysis of pharmaceutical preparations containing catecholamines by micellar liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric detection. Analyst, 1995, 120, 1767-1772

SAMPLE

Matrix: formulations Sample preparation: Dilute 5 fold with mobile phase. Mix the diluted formulation with an equal volume of 50 jJig/mL hydrochlorothiazide, inject a 10 \xL aliquot.
HPLC VARIABLES

Column: 300 X 3.9 10 pjn ^Bondapak C18 Mobile phase: MeOH.0.1% phosphoric acid 55:45 Flow rate: 1 Injection volume: 10 Detector: UV 260
CHROMATOGRAM

Retention time: 5.6 Internal standard: hydrochlorothiazide OTHER SUBSTANCES Simultaneous: captopril

KEYWORDS

syrup; hydrochlorothiazide is IS
REFERENCE
Nahata, M.C; Morosco, R.S.; Hippie, T.F. Stability of captopril in three liquid dosage forms. Am.J.Hosp.Pharm., 1994, 51, 95-96

SAMPLE

Matrix: formulations Sample preparation: Crush tablets, weigh out amount equivalent to one tablet, add 40 mL MeOH, warm on a steam bath for 5 min, cool to room temperature, make up to 100 mL with MeOH, filter through paper, inject 100 J U L L aliquot.
HPLCVARIABLES

Column: 300 X 3.9 ixPorasil Mobile phase: MeOH Flow rate: 1.5 Injection volume: 100 Detector: F ex 280 em 360; UV 360
CHROMATOGRAM

Retention time: 2
OTHER SUBSTANCES

Simultaneous: reserpine (by F only)

KEYWORDS

tablets; normal phase

REFERENCE
Cieri, U.R. Determination of reserpine and hydrochlorothiazide in commercial tablets by liquid chromatography with fluorescence and UV absorption detectors in series. J.Assoc.Off.Anal.Chem., 1988, 71, 515-518

SAMPLE

Matrix: formulations Sample preparation: Grind tablets, add 3-20 mL MeCN: water 15:85, sonicate for 10 min, filter, make up to 100 mL with MeCN-.water 15:85. Remove a 500 \xL aliquot and add it to 300 |xL 250 |xg/mL procaine hydrochloride in water, make up to 10 mL with mobile phase, inject a 50 |JLL aliquot.
HPLC VARIABLES

Column: 250 X 4.6 5 |xm ASI chromosphere 3869 octadecylsilane (Analytical Sciences, Inc.) Mobile phase: MeCN: 50 mM NaH2PO4 30:70 containing sodium pentanesulfonate, pH adjusted to 2.5 with concentrated phosphoric acid Flow rate: 1 Injection volume: 50 Detector: E, Metrohm model E-611, Bioanalytical Systems KeI F cell, glassy carbon electrode +1300 mV, auxiliary platinum electrode, Ag/AgCl reference electrode
CHROMATOGRAM

Retention time: 4.5 Internal standard: procaine hydrochloride (5.7) Limit of quantitation: 1.25 |xg/mL

OTHER SUBSTANCES

Simultaneous: guanethidine
KEYWORDS

tablets; not stability-indicating

REFERENCE
Stewart, J.T.; Clark, S.S. Liquid chromatographic determination of guanethidine salts and hydrochlorothiazide using electrochemical detection and ion-pair techniques. J.Pharm.Sci., 1986, 75, 413-415

SAMPLE

Matrix: formulations Sample preparation: Injections. Dilute 1.5 mL of a 20 mg/mL injection to 100 mL with water, remove a 10 mL aliquot and add it to 3 mL 0.2% hydrochlorothiazide, make up to 100 mL with water, inject a 20 |xL aliquot. Tablets. Grind tablets to a fine powder, weigh out amount equivalent to about 10 mg hydralazine, mix thoroughly with 2 mL 500 mM HCl, make up to 100 mL with water, shake for 2-3 min, filter, discard first 15 mL. 15 mL Filtrate + 1.5 mL 0.2% hydrochlorothiazide, make up to 50 mL with water, inject a 20 IxL aliquot.
HPLCVARIABLES

Column: 300 X 3.9 jxBondapak phenyl Mobile phase: MeOH: 15 mM KH2PO4: glacial acetic acid 0.5:99.4:0.1 Flow rate: 3 Injection volume: 20 Detector: UV 256
CHROMATOGRAM

Retention time: 8 Internal standard: hydrochlorothiazide

OTHER SUBSTANCES

Simultaneous: hydralazine, phenylpropanolamine

KEYWORDS

injections; tablets; hydrochlorothiazide is IS

REFERENCE
Das Gupta, V. Quantitation of hydralazine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms using highperformance liquid chromatography. J.Liq.Chromatogr., 1985, 8, 2497-2509

SAMPLE

Matrix: solutions
HPLCVARIABLES

Column: 250 X 4.6 10 jxm Partisil ODSl Mobile phase: MeOH: 50 mM pH 3.0 phosphoric acid 10:90 Column temperature: 30 Flow rate: 1.5 Detector: Radioactivity
OTHER SUBSTANCES

Also analyzed: atenolol, cimetidine, ranitidine

KEYWORDS 14 C labeled REFERENCE

Collett, A.; Sims, E.; Walker, D.; He, Y-L.; Ayrton, J.; Rowland, M.; Warhurst, G. Comparison of HT2918-Ci and Caco-2 cell lines as models for studying intestinal paracellular drug absorption. Pharm.Res., 1996, 13, 216-221

SAMPLE Matrix: solutions HPLC VARIABLES Column: 250 X 4.6 5 jim Supelcosil LC-DP (A) or 250 X 4 5 fxm LiChrospher 100 RP-8 (B) Mobile phase: MeCN:0.025% phosphoric acid:buffer 25:10:5 (A) or 60:25:15 (B) (Buffer was 9 mL concentrated phosphoric acid and 10 mL triethylamine in 900 mL water, adjust pH to 3.4 with dilute phosphoric acid, make up to 1 L.) Flow rate: 0.6 Injection volume: 25 Detector: UV 229 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 5.09 (A), 3.98 (B) OTHER SUBSTANCES Also analyzed: acebutolol, acepromazine, acetaminophen, acetazolamide, acetophenazine, albuterol, alprazolam, amitriptyline, amobarbital, amoxapine, antipyrine, atenolol, atropine, azatadine, baclofen, benzocaine, bromocriptine, brompheniramine, brotizolam, bupivacaine, buspirone, butabarbital, butalbital, caffeine, carbamazepine, cetirizine, chlorcyclizine, chlordiazepoxide, chlormezanone, chloroquine, chlorpheniramine, chlorpromazine, chlorpropamide, chlorprothixene, chlorthalidone, chlorzoxazone, cimetidine, cisapride, clomipramine, clonazepam, clonidine, clozapine, cocaine, codeine, colchicine, cyclizine, cyclobenzaprine, dantrolene, desipramine, diazepam, diclofenac, diflunisal, diltiazem, diphenhydramine, diphenidol, diphenoxylate, dipyridamole, disopyramide, dobutamine, doxapram, doxepin, droperidol, encainide, ethidium bromide, ethopropazine, fenoprofen, fentanyl, flavoxate, fluoxetine, fluphenazine, flurazepam, flurbiprofen, fluvoxamine, furosemide, glutethimide, glyburide, guaifenesin, haloperidol, homatropine, hydralazine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, hydroxychloroquine, hydroxyzine, ibuprofen, imipramine, indomethacin, ketoconazole, ketoprofen, ketorolac, labetalol, levorphanol, Iidocaine, loratadine, lorazepam, lovastatin, loxapine, mazindol, mefenamic acid, meperidine, mephenytoin, mepivacaine, mesoridazine, metaproterenol, methadone, methdilazine, methocarbamol, methotrexate, methotrimeprazine, methoxamine, methyldopa, methylphenidate, metoclopramide, metolazone, metoprolol, metronidazole, midazolam, moclobemide, morphine, nadolol, nalbuphine, naloxone, naphazoline, naproxen, nifedipine, nizatidine, norepinephrine, nortriptyline, oxazepam, oxycodone, oxymetazoline, paroxetine, pemoline, pentazocine, pentobarbital, pentoxifylline, perphenazine, pheniramine, phenobarbital, phenol, phenolphthalein, phentolamine, phenylbutazone, phenyltoloxamine, phenytoin, pimozide, pindolol, piroxicam, pramoxine, prazepam, prazosin, probenecid, procainamide, procaine, prochlorperazine, procyclidine, promazine, promethazine, propafenone, propantheline, propiomazine, propofol, propranolol, protriptyline, quazepam, quinidine, quinine, racemethorphan, ranitidine, remoxipride, risperidone, salicylic acid, scopolamine, secobarbital, sertraline, sotalol, spironolactone, sulfinpyrazone, sulindac, temazepam, terbutaline, terfenadine, tetracaine, theophylline, thiethylperazine, thiopental, thioridazine, thiothixene, timolol, tocainide, tolbutamide, tolmetin, trazodone, triamterene, triazolam, trifluoperazine, triflupromazine, trimeprazine, trimethoprim, trimipramine, verapamil, warfarin, xylometazoline, yohimbine, zopiclone

KEYWORDS some details of plasma extraction REFERENCE

Koves, E.M. Use of high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection in forensic toxicology. J.Chromatogr.A, 1995, 692, 103-119

SAMPLE Matrix: solutions Sample preparation: Prepare a solution in MeOH: water 80:20, inject a 6 \xL aliquot. HPLC VARIABLES Guard column: 5 X 4 10 |jim LiChrosorb RP-8 Column: 100 X 4.6 5 |jim Spheri RP-18 (Brownlee) Mobile phase: MeOH: water 80:20 containing 2 g/L lithium perchlorate Flow rate: 0.5 Injection volume: 6 Detector: E, ESA Model 5100A Coulochem, model 5020 guard cell +950 mV, Model 5010 analytical cell + 400 mV, palladium reference electrode, following post-column photolysis. The effluent from the column flowed through a 20 m X 0.3 mm coil of PTFE tubing irradiated at 254 nm with a Sylvania GTE 8 W low-pressure lamp to the detector. CHROMATOGRAM Limit of detection: 133 ng/mL OTHER SUBSTANCES Also analyzed: bendroflumethiazide, butizide, chlorthalidone, ethacrynic acid, furosemide KEYWORDS post-column reaction REFERENCE
Macher, M.; Wintersteiger, R. Improved electrochemical detection of diuretics in high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis by postcolumn on-line photolysis. J.Chromatogr.A, 1995, 709, 257-264

SAMPLE Matrix: solutions HPLCVARIABLES Guard column: 30 X 3.2 7 |xm SI 100 ODS (not commercially available) Column: 150 X 3.2 7 |xm SI 100 ODS (not commercially available) Mobile phase: MeCN: buffer 31.2:68.8 (Buffer was 6.66 g KH2PO4 and 4.8 g 85% phosphoric acid in 1 L water, pH 2.3.) Flow rate: 0.5-1 Detector: UV 211, 268 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 1.6 Internal standard: 5-(4-methylphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (7.3) OTHER SUBSTANCES Also analyzed: aspirin, caffeine, carbamazepine, chlordiazepoxide, chlorprothixene, clonazepam, diazepam, doxylamine, ethosuximide, furosemide, haloperidol, methocarbamol, methotrimeprazine, nicotine, oxazepam, procaine, promazine, propafenone, propranolol, salicylamide, temazepam, tetracaine, thiopental, triamterene, verapamil, zolpidem, zopiclone

REFERENCE
Below, E.; Burrmann, M. Application of HPLC equipment with rapid scan detection to the identification of drugs in toxicological analysis. J.Liq.Chromatogr., 1994, 17, 4131-4144

SAMPLE Matrix: solutions HPLCVARIABLES Column: 250 X 4.6 Zorbax RX Mobile phase: Gradient. A was 10 mL concentrated orthophosphoric acid and 7 mL triethylamine in 1 L water. B was 10 mL concentrated orthophosphoric acid and 7 mL triethylamine in 200 mL water, make up to 1 L with MeCN. A:B from 100:0 to 0:100 over 30 min, maintain at 0:100 for 5 min. Column temperature: 30 Flow rate: 2 Detector: UV 210 OTHER SUBSTANCES Also analyzed: acepromazine, acetaminophen, acetophenazine, albuterol, aminophylline, amitriptyline, amobarbital, amoxapine, amphetamine, amylocaine, antipyrine, aprobarbital, aspirin, atenolol, atropine, avermectin, barbital, benzocaine, benzoic acid, benzotropine, benzphetamine, berberine, bibucaine, bromazepan, brompheniramine, buprenorphine, buspirone, butabarbital, butacaine, butethal, caffeine, carbamazepine, carbromal, chloramphenicol, chlordiazepoxide, chloroquine, chlorothiazide, chloroxylenol, chlorphenesin, chlorpheniramine, chlorpromazine, chlorpropamide, chlortetracycline, cimetidine, cinchonidine, cinchonine, clenbuterol, clonazepam, clonixin, clorazepate, cocaine, codeine, colchicine, cortisone, coumarin, cyclazocine, cyclobenzaprine, cyclothiazide, cyheptamide, cymarin, danazol, danthron, dapsone, debrisoquine, desipramine, dexamethasone, dextromethorphan, dextropropoxyphene, diamorphine, diazepam, diclofenac, diethylpropion, diethylstilbestrol, diflunisal, digitoxin, digoxin, diltiazem, diphenhydramine, diphenoxylate, diprenorphine, dipyrone, disulfiram, dopamine, doxapram, doxepin, dronabinol, ephedrine, epinephrine, epinine, estradiol, estriol, estrone, ethacrynic acid, ethosuximide, etonitazene, etorphine, eugenol, famotidine, fenbendazole, fencamfamine, fenoprofen, fenproporex, fentanyl, flubendazole, flufenamic acid, flunitrazepam, 5-fluorouracil, fluoxymesterone, fluphenazine, furosemide, gentisic acid, gitoxigenin, glipizide, glunixin, glutethimide, glybenclamide, guaiacol, halazepam, haloperidol, hydrochlorothiazide, hydrocodone, hydrocortisone, hydromorphone, hydroxyquinoline, ibogaine, ibuprofen, iminostilbene, imipramine, indomethacin, isocarbostyril, isocarboxazid, isoniazid, isoproterenol, isoxsuprine, ivermectin, ketamine, ketoprofen, kynurenic acid, levorphanol, Iidocaine, lorazepam, lormetazepam, loxapine, mazindol, mebendazole, meclizine, meclofenamic acid, medazepam, mefenamic acid, megestrol, mepacrine, meperidine, mephentermine, mephenytoin, mephesin, mephobarbital, mepivacaine, mescaline, mesoridazine, methadone, methamphetamine, methapyrilene, methaqualone, methazolamide, methocarbamol, methoxamine, methsuximide, methyl salicylate, methyldopa, methyldopamine, methylphenidate, methylprednisolone, methyltestosterone, methyprylon, metoprolol, mibolerone, morphine, nadolol, nalorphine, naloxone, naltrexone, naphazoline, naproxen, nefopam, niacinamide, nicotine, nicotinic acid, nifedipine, niflumic acid, nitrazepam, norepinephrine, nortriptyline, noscapine, nylidrin, oxazepam, oxycodone, oxymorphone, oxyphenbutazone, oxytetracycline, papaverine, pargyline, pemoline, pentazocine, pentobarbital, persantine, phenacetin, phenazocine, phenazopyridine, phencyclidine, phendimetrazine, phenelzine, pheniramine, phenobarbital, phenothiazine, phensuximide, phentermine, phenylbutazone, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, piperocaine, prazepam, prednisolone, primidone, probenecid, progesterone, propiomazine, propranolol, propylparaben, pseudoephedrine, puromycin, pyrilamine, pyrithyldione, quazepam, quinaldic acid, quinidine, quinine, ranitidine, recinnamine, reserpine, resorcinol, saccharin, albuterol, salicylamide, salicylic acid, scopolamine, scopoletin, secobarbital, strychnine, sulfacetamide, sufadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfaethidole, sulfamerazine,

sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxizole, sulfanilamide, sulfapyridine, sulfasoxizole, sulindac, tamoxifen, temazepam, testosterone, tetracaine, tetracycline, tetramisole, thebaine, theobromine, theophylline, thiabendazole, thiamine, thiamylal, thiobarbituric acid, thioridazine, thiosalicylic acid, thiothixene, thymol, tolazamide, tolazoline, tobutamide, tolmetin, tranylcypromine, triamcinolone, tribenzylamine, trichloromethiazide, trifluoperazine, trihexyphenidyl, trimethoprim, tripelennamine, triproilidine, tropacocaine, tyramine, verapamil, vincamine, warfarin, yohimbine, zoxazolamine REFERENCE
Hill, D.W.; Kind, A. J. Reversed-phase solvent gradient HPLC retention indexes of drugs. J.Anal.ToxicoL, 1994, 18, 233-242

SAMPLE Matrix: solutions Sample preparation: Dissolve in MeOH: water 1:1 at a concentration of 50 |xg/mL, inject a 10 |xL aliquot. HPLCVARIABLES Column: 300 X 3.9 10 \xm ^Bondapak C18 Mobile phase: MeOH: acetic acid: triethylamine: water 10:1.5:0.5:88 Flow rate: 1.5 Injection volume: 10 Detector: UV CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: k' 2.64 REFERENCE
Roos, R.W.; Lau-Cam, CA. General reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation of drugs using triethylamine as a competing base. J.Chromatogr., 1986, 370, 403-418

SAMPLE Matrix: solutions HPLCVARIABLES Column: 250 X 2 C18 glass lined (Whatman) Mobile phase: MeCN: water 60:40 Flow rate: 0.04 Injection volume: 0.5 Detector: UV 254; MS, Hewlett Packard 5985, home-made interface (details in paper) CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 8.5 OTHER SUBSTANCES Simultaneous: chlorothiazide, trichlormethiazide KEYWORDS microbore REFERENCE
Eckers, C; Skrabalak, D.S.; Henion, J. On-line direct liquid introduction interface for micro-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: application to drug analysis. Clin.Chem., 1982, 28, 1882-1886

SAMPLE Matrix: urine Sample preparation: Inject an aliquot onto column A and elute to waste with mobile phase A, after 1 min backflush the contents of column A onto column B with mobile phase B, elute with mobile phase B, monitor the effluent from column B. HPLCVARIABLES Column: A 30 |xm 20 X 2.1 Hypersil ODS-C18; B 250 X 4 5 |xm Hypersil ODS-C18 Mobile phase: A Water; B Gradient. MeCN: buffer 15:85 for 1.5 min then to 80:20 over 8 min. Keep at 80:20 for 2.5 min then re-equilibrate with 15:85. (Buffer was 50 mM NaH2PO4 + 1.4 mL propylamine hydrochloride per liter adjusted to pH 3 with concentrated phosphoric acid.) Flow rate: 1 Injection volume: 50 Detector: UV 230 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 6.3 Limit of detection: 7 ng/mL OTHER SUBSTANCES Simultaneous: acetazolamide, amiloride, bendroflumethiazide, bumetanide, chlorthalidone, cyclothiazide, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, probenecid, spironolactone, triamterene REFERENCE
Campins-Falco, P.; Herraez-Hernandez, R.; Sevillano-Cabeza, A. Column-switching techniques for screening of diuretics and probenecid in urine samples. Anal.Chem., 1994, 66, 244-248

SAMPLE Matrix: urine Sample preparation: 1 mL Urine + 100 |xL 20 |Jig/mL hydroflumethiazide in MeOH + 1 mL buffer + 200 JULL water + 6 mL ethyl acetate, shake for 5 min, centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min. Remove 5 mL organic layer and evaporate at 37 under a stream of nitrogen. Reconstitute with 100 (JLL mobile phase, inject a 20 JJLL aliquot. (Buffer was 0.38 g ammonium acetate in 500 mL water, acidified to pH 5.0 with glacial acetic acid.) HPLC VARIABLES Guard column: 40 X 4 35-50 jxm C18 Corasil Column: 125 X 4 5 |jim Nucleosil 100-5 C18 Mobile phase: MeCN:acetic acid:water 120:1:880 Flow rate: 1 Injection volume: 20 Detector: UV 280 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 5.0 Internal standard: hydroflumethiazide (10.0) Limit of detection: 10 ng/mL OTHER SUBSTANCES Noninterfering: amiloride, acebutolol, acenocoumarol, acetaminophen, aspirin, allopurinol, ambroxol, amoxicillin, atenolol, bendroflumethiazide, benzbromarone, bezafibrate, biperiden, bisacodyl, bromazepam, butizide, captopril, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, clobutinol, clonidine, cotinine, diazepam, diclofenac, digitoxin, digoxin, dihydrocodeine, dihydroergotamine, diltiazem, doxepin, doxycycline, enalapril, erythromycin, fenoterol, furosemide, glibenclamide, heparin, hypoxanthine, ibuprofen, indomethacin, isosorbide

mononitrate, lisinopril, lovastatin, maprotiline, methyldigoxin, methyldopa, metoclopramide, metoprolol, metronidazole, midazolam, naloxone, nifedipine, nicotine, oxazepam, oxipurinol, penicillin V, pentoxyfylline, phenacetin, phenazone, propyphenazone, phenprocoumon, ranitidine, salicylic acid, sotalol, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, terbutaline, theophylline, tilidine, timolol, triamterene, uric acid, verapamil, vitamin C, warfarin, xanthine, purine and pyrimidine bases, nucleosides, nucleotides Interfering: caffeine KEYWORDS norfloxacin and ofloxacin interfere with IS REFERENCE
de Vries, J.X.; Voss, A. Simple determination of hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma and urine by high performance liquid chromatography. Biomed.Chromatogr., 1993, 7, 12-14

SAMPLE Matrix: urine Sample preparation: Buffer urine to 4.9 by mixing with an equal volume of pH 4.9 200 mM sodium phosphate buffer. Inject a 40 |JLL aliquot onto column A and elute to waste with mobile phase A, after 3 min backflush the contents of column A onto column B with mobile phase B and start the gradient. At the end of the run re-equilibrate for 10 min. HPLCVARIABLES Column: A 20 X 4 5 juim Hypersil octadecylsilica ODS; B 200 X 4.6 5 p,m Shiseido SG-120 polymer-based C18 Mobile phase: A water; B Gradient. MeCN:buffer from 7:93 to 15:85 over 3.5 min, to 50:50 over 8.5 min, maintain at 50:50 for 11 min (Buffer was 6.9 g NaH2PO4.H2O in 1 L water, pH adjusted to 3.1 with phosphoric acid.) Flow rate: 1 Injection volume: 40 Detector: UV 270 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 11.3 Limit of detection: 1 jxg/mL OTHER SUBSTANCES Extracted: acetazolamide, amiloride, bendroflumethiazide, benzthiazide, bumetanide, caffeine, carbamazepine, chlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, clopamide, dichlorfenamide, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, metyrapone, probenecid, spironolactone, triamterene, trichlormethiazide KEYWORDS column-switching; optimum detection wavelengths vary for each drug REFERENCE
Saarinen, M.; Siren, H.; Riekkola, M.-L. A column switching technique for the screening of diuretics in urine by high performance liquid chromatography. J.Liq.Chromatogr., 1993, 16, 4063-4078

SAMPLE Matrix: urine Sample preparation: 5 mL Urine + 50 |xL 100 |xg/mL 7-propyltheophylline in MeOH + 200 |xL ammonium chloride buffer + 2 g NaCl, extract with 6 mL ethyl acetate by rocking at 40 movements/min for 20 min and centrifuging at 800 g for 5 min, repeat extraction, combine organic layers, evaporate to dryness at 40 under a stream of nitrogen. Reconstitute in 200 (xL MeCN: water 15:85 and inject 20 jxL aliquots. (Ammonium chloride

buffer was 28 g ammonium chloride in 100 mL water with the pH adjusted to 9.5 with concentrated ammonia solution.) HPLCVARIABLES Column: 75 X 4.6 3 fim Ultrasphere ODS Mobile phase: Gradient. MeCN: 100 mM ammonium acetate adjusted to pH 3 with concentrated phosphoric acid. From 10:90 to 15:85 over 2 min to 55:45 over 3 min to 60: 40 over 3 min. Kept at 60:40 for 1 min, decreased to 10:90 over 1 min and equilibrated at 10:90 for 2 min. Flow rate: 1 Injection volume: 20 Detector: UV 270 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 3.0 Internal standard: 7-propyltheophylline (4.5) Limit of detection: 100 ng/mL OTHER SUBSTANCES Simultaneous: aeetazolamide, amiloride, bendroflumethiazide, benzthiazide, bumetanide, buthiazide, caffeine, canrenone, chlorthalidone, clopamide, cyclothiazide, diclofenamide, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, mesocarb, morazone, piretanide, polythiazide, probenecid, spironolactone, torsemide, triamterene, xipamide REFERENCE
Ventura, R.; Nadal, T.; Alcalde, P.; Pascual, J.A.; Segura, J. Fast screening method for diuretics, probenecid and other compounds of doping interest. J.Chromatogr.A, 1993, 655, 233-242

SAMPLE Matrix: urine Sample preparation: Make 5 mL urine alkaline (pH 9-10), add 2 g NaCl, extract twice with 6 mL ethyl acetate. Combine the organic layers and evaporate them to dryness under a stream of nitrogen, reconstitute the residue in 200 |xL MeCN/water, inject a 10-20 |xL aliquot. HPLC VARIABLES Column: 100 X 4 5 |jim SGE 100 GL-4 C18P (Scientific Glass Engineering) Mobile phase: MeCN:MeOH: water: trinuoroacetic acid 0.3:0.7:99:0.5 Flow rate: 0.8 or 1 Injection volume: 10-20 Detector: MS, ZAB2-SEQ (VG), PSP source coupled to LC, source 250, probe 240-260, scan m/z 200-550; UV 270 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 4.3 Limit of detection: 150 ng (by MS) OTHER SUBSTANCES Extracted: acetazolamide REFERENCE
Ventura, R.; Fraisse, D.; Becchi, M.; Paisse, O.; Segura, J. Approach to the analysis of diuretics and masking agents by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in doping control. J.Chromatogr., 1991, 562, 723-736

SAMPLE Matrix: urine

Sample preparation: 2 mL Urine + 0.5 g solid buffer i (pH 5-5.5), vortex 15 s, add 4 mL ethyl acetate, agitate for 10 min, centrifuge at 600 g for 5 min. Remove organic layer and vortex it with 2 mL 5% aqueous lead acetate for 10 s, centrifuge at 600 g for 5 min, remove and keep organic phase. 2 mL Urine + 0.5 g solid buffer II (pH 9-9.5), vortex 15 s, add 4 mL ethyl acetate, agitate for 10 min, centrifuge at 600 g for 5 min. Remove organic layer and combine it with previous organic layer. Evaporate to dryness at 50 under a stream of nitrogen, reconstitute in 300 |xL 50 |xg/mL p-hydroxyethyltheophylline in MeOH, inject 5 |xL aliquot. (Solid buffer I was KH2PO4: Na2HPO4 99:1, solid buffer II was NaHCO3: K2CO3 3:2.) HPLC VARIABLES Column: 250 X 4.6 5 |xm HP Hypersil ODS (A) or HP LiChrosorb RP-18 (B) Mobile phase: Gradient. MeCN: buffer from 15:85 at 2 min to 80:20 at 20 min (Buffer was 50 mM NaH2PO4 containing 16 mM propylamme hydrochloride, adjusted to pH 3 with concentrated phosphoric acid.) Flow rate: 1 Injection volume: 5 Detector: UV 230; UV 275 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 6.03 (A), 7.07 (B) Internal standard: p-hydroxyethyltheophylline (3.7 (A), 4.4 B)) Limit of detection: 500 ng/mL OTHER SUBSTANCES Extracted: acetazolamide, amiloride, bendroflumethiazide, benthiazide, bumetanide, canrenone, chlorothiazide, chlorethalidone, cyclothiazide, dichlorphenamide, ethacrynic acid, flumethiazide, furosemide, hydroflumethiazide, methyclothiazide, metolazone, polythiazide, probenecid, quinethazone, spironolactone, triamterene, trichloromethiazide Noninterfering: acetaminophen, aspirin, caffeine, diflunisal, fenoprofen, ibuprofen, indomethacin, methocarbamol, naproxen, phenylbutazone, sulindac, tetracycline, theobromine, theophylline, tolmetin, trimethoprim, verapamil REFERENCE
Cooper, S.F.; Masse, R.; Dugal, R. Comprehensive screening procedure for diuretics in urine by highperformance liquid chromatography. J.Chromatogr., 1989, 489, 65-88

SAMPLE Matrix: urine Sample preparation: 2 mL Urine + 2 mL 1 M pH 4.1 NaH2PO4 + 4 mL ethyl acetate, vortex for 2 min, centrifuge at 1500 g for 5 min. Remove the organic phase and add it to 5 mL 100 mM pH 7.5 Na2HPO4, vortex for 2 min, centrifuge at 1500 g for 5 min. Remove the organic layer and evaporate it to dryness under a stream of nitrogen at 60, reconstitute the residue in 100 JULL MeCN: 10 mM pH 3.0 phosphate buffer, inject a 5 |xL aliquot. HPLCVARIABLES Column: 125 X 4 5 jxm LiCHrosorb RP-18 Mobile phase: Gradient. MeCN: 10 mM pH 3.0 phosphate buffer 10:90 for 1.5 min then to 35:65 over 2 min. Column temperature: 50 Flow rate: 1.5 Injection volume: 5 Detector: UV 271 CHROMATOGRAM Retention time: 2.2 Limit of quantitation: 500 ng/mL

OTHER SUBSTANCES Extracted: bendroflumethiazide, bumetanide, chlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, clopamide, cyclopenthiazide, furosemide, mefruside, methyclothiazide, metolazone, quinethazone Simultaneous: clorexolone, ethacrynic acid, indapamide Noninterfering: aspirin, albuterol, allopurinol, alprenolol, atenolol, captopril, carbimazole, clonidine, coloxyl, danthron, diazepam, digoxin, doxepin, glibenclamide, hydralazine, indomethacin, labetalol, metformin, methyldopa, metoprolol, mianserin, minoxidil, nifedipine, nitrazepam, oxazepam, oxprenolol, pindolol, prazosin, propranolol, senokot, theophylline, trifluoperazine REFERENCE Fullinfaw, R.O.; Bury, R.W.; Moulds, R.F.W. Liquid chromatographic screening of diuretics in urine. J.Chromatogr., 1987, 415, 347-356 r~*

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Cieri, U.R. Determination of reserpine, hydralazine HCl, and hydrochlorothiazide in tablets by liquid chromatography on a short, normal-phase column. J.AOAC Int., 1994, 77, 1104-1108 [simultaneous hydralazine, reserpine; tablets; normal-phase; fluorescence detection; UV detection] Hsieh, J.Y.-K.; Lin, C; Matuszewski, B.K.; Dobrinska, M.R. Fully automated methods for the determination of hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma and urine. J.Pharm.Biomed.AnaL, 1994, 12, 15551562 [plasma; urine; SPE; LOQ 2 ng/mL] Ulvi, V.; Keski-Hynnila, H. First-derivative UV spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of some thiazide diuretics in the presence of their photodecomposition products. J.Pharm.Biomed.AnaL, 1994, 12, 9 1 7-922 [simultaneous degradation products; also chlorothiazide, trichlormethiazide] Abdelhameed, M.H.; Chen, T.M.; Chi W.L. Intrahepatic distribution of hydrochlorothiazide and quinidine in rats: Implications in ph macokinetics. J.Pharm.ScL, 1993, 82, 992-996 [whole blood; plasma; liver; chlorothiazide (IS); rat; pharmacokinetics] Berthod, A.; Laserna, J.J.; Carretero, ... Oil-in-water microemulsions as mobile phases for rapid screening of illegal drugs in sports. J.Liq.Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 3115-3127 [simultaneous acebutolol, chlorthalidone, codeine, hydrochlorc ,hiazide, methoxamine, methyltestosterone, nadolol, norcodeine, oxprenolol, phenylephrine, probenecid] Chen, T.M.; Abdelhameed, M.H.; Chiou, W.L. Erythrocytes as a total barrier for renal excretion of hydrochlorothiazide: slow influx and efflux across erythrocyte membranes. J.Pharm.Sci., 1992, 81, 212-218 [whole blood; plasma; chlorothiazide (IS); human; rat; pharmacokinetics] Herraez-Hernandez, R.; Campins-Falco, P.; Sevillano-Cabeza, A. Improved screening procedure for diuretics. J.Liq.Chromatogr, 1992, 15, 2205-2224 [LOD 10-1000 ng/mL; gradient; urine; hydroxymethyltheophylline (IS); extracted acetazolamide, amiloride, bendroflumethiazide, bumetanide, chlorthalidone, cyclothiazide, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, probenecid, spironolactone, triamterene] Miller, R.B.; Amestoy, C. A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma. J.Pharm.Biomed.AnaL, 1992, 10, 541-545 Campins-Falco, P.; Herraez-Hernandez, R.; Sevillano-Cabeza, A. Solid-phase extraction techniques for assay of diuretics in human urine samples. J.Liq.Chromatogr., 1991, 14, 35753590 [urine; SPE; hydroxyethyltheophylline (IS); extracted acetazolamide, amiloride, bendroflumethiazide, bumetanide, chlorthalidone, ciclothiazide, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, probenecid, spironolactone, triamterene] Bachman, W.J.; Stewart, J.T. HPLC-photolysis-electrochemical detection in pharmaceutical analysis: application to the determination of spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide in tablets. J.Chromatogr.Sci., 1990, 28, 123 128 [post-column reaction; electrochemical detection; tablets; simultaneous spironolactone] Kuo, B.S.; Mandagere, A.; Osborne, D.R.; Hwang, K.K. Column-switching high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) determination of hydrochlorothiazide in rat, dog, and human plasma. Pharm.Res., 1990, 7, 1257-1261

Santasania, CT. Direct injection analysis of diuretic and anti-inflammatory drugs on a shielded hydrophobic phase column. J.Liq.Chromatogr, 1990, 13, 2605-2631 [serum; direct injection; gradient; horse; extracted furosemide, oxyphenbutazone, phenylbutazone] Sa'sa', S.I.; Jalal, LM.; Khalil, H.S. Determination of atenolol combinations with hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone in tablet formulations by reverse-phase HPLC. J.Liq.Chromatogr., 1988, 11, 1673-1696 [simultaneous atenolol, chlorthalidone; tablets; methyl p-hydroxybenzoate (IS); stabilityindicating] Hitscherich, M.E.; Rydberg, E.M.; Tsilifonis, D.C; Daly, R.E. Simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide and propranolol hydrochloride in tablets by high-performance liquid chromatography. J.Liq.Chromatogr, 1987, 10, 1011-1021 [simultaneous propranolol; tablets; stability indicating] Valko, K. RP-HPLC retention data for measuring structural similarity of compounds for QSAR studies. J.Liq.Chromatogr., 1987, 10, 1663-1686 [also acetanilide, acetylazidomorphine, aspirin, azidocodeine, azidoethylmorphine, azidomorphine, barbital, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, bromocyanonitrophenol, caffeine, chloramphenicol, chlorocyanonitrophenol, chloronitroaniline, cortexolone, cortisone, cyanodinitrophenol, cyanofluoronitrophenol, cyclopropylazidoethylmorphine, cyclopropylmethylazidomorphine, 11-deoxycorticosterone, dexamethasone, dichloronitroaniline, dinitroaniline, dinitrophenol, hydrocortisone, isoniazid, methyl salicylate, morphine, niacinamide, nicotinamide, nitroaniline, nitrophenol, norazidoethylmorphine, norazidomorphine, normorphine, phenacetin, phenobarbital, phenylethylazidoethylmorphine, phenylethylazidomorphine, prednisolone, progesterone, salicylamide, salicylic acid, sulfadimidine, sulfaguanidine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxypyridazine, testosterone, triamcinolone, trinitroaniline, trinitrophenol, vanillin, vitamin B3, vitamin B5] Alton, K.B.; Desrivieres, D.; Patrick, J.E. High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for hydrochlorothiazide in human urine. J.Chromatogr., 1986, 374, 103110 Shiu, G.K.; Prasad, V.K.; Lin, J.; Worsley, W. Simple and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of hydrochlorothiazide in urine. J.Chromatogr, 1986, 377, 430-435 Kirschbaum, J.; Perlman, S. Analysis of captopril and hydrochlorothiazide combination tablet formulations by liquid chromatography. J.Pharm.Sci., 1984, 73, 686-687 Koopmans, P.P.; Tan, Y; Van Ginneken, CA.; Gribnau, RW. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of hydrochlorothiazide in plasma and urine. J.Chromatogr, 1984, 307, 445-450 Yamazaki, M.; Ito, Y; Suzuka, T.; Yaginuma, H.; Itoh, S.; Kamada, A.; Orita, Y; Nakahama, H.; Nakanishi, T.; Ando, A. Biopharmaceutical studies of thiazide diuretics. II. High-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of hydrochlorothiazide in plasma, urine, blood cells and bile. Chem.Pharm.Bull, 1984, 32, 2387-2394 Shah, V.P.; Walker, M.A.; Prasad, V.K. Application of flow programming in the analysis of drugs and their metabolites in biological fluids. J.Liq.Chromatogr, 1983, 6, 1949-1954 [extracted metabolites, chlorothiazide, triamterene; flow programming; urine; plasma] Barbhaiya, R.H.; Phillips, T.A.; Welling, PG. High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide in plasma and urine: preliminary results of clinical studies. J.Pharm.Sci., 1981, 70, 291-295 Daniels, S.L.; Vanderwielen, A.J. Stability-indicating assay for hydrochlorothiazide. J.Pharm.Sci., 1981, 70, 211-215 Menon, G.N.; White, L.B. Simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene in capsule formulations by high-performance liquid chromatography. J.Pharm.Sci., 1981, 70, 1083-1085 [capsules; m-hydroxyacetophenone (IS); simultaneous triamterene] Henion, J.D.; Maylin, G.A. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of hydrochlorothiazide in equine plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. J.Anal.Toxicol., 1980, 4, 185-191