ALGEBRA II WITH TRIGONOMETRY MR.

YATES
COURSE OUTLINE – SPRING 2009.

Vocabulary

Unit 1: Polynomials

Scientific Notation
Quadratic
Monic

Exponent
Cubic
Standard Form

Base
Monomial
Factored Form

Polynomial
Binomial
Zero Factor Property

Degree (of a
Trinomial
End Behavior
polynomial)
Term
Zeros

Constant
Leading Term
Distributive Property

Linear
Leading Coefficient
Like Terms

Unit 2: Quadratics

Factors
Parabola
Factored Form

Distributive Property
Vertex
Quadratic Formula

FOIL
Zero
Like Terms

Factoring
Root
Velocity

Quadratic
x-intercept
Acceleration

Monic
Axis of Symmetry
Regression

Binomial
Standard Form
Pendulum

Trinomial
Vertex Form
Period

Unit 3: Multidimensional Linearity

Matrix
Inverse
Objective Function

Scalar
Identity
Feasible Area

Dimensions (of a
Cramer’s Rule
Vertex
matrix)
Matrix Equation
Optimize

System of Linear
Linear Regression
Maximize
Equations
Point of intersection
Minimize

Determinant
Linear Programming
Unit 4: Trigonometry

Right Triangle
Angle
Range

Pythagorean
Standard Position
Maximum
Theorem
Initial Side
Minimum

Sine
Terminal Side
Amplitude

Cosine
Degrees
Period

Tangent
Radians
Zeros

Ratio
Cartesian
Sine Function

Trig Inverses Coordinates (x,y)
Cosine Function

Law of Sines
Slope
Tangent Function

Law of Cosines
Periodic Function
Asymptote

Unit Circle
Cycle

Radius
Domain

Unit 5: Exponentials

Exponent
Initial Value
Logarithm

Base
Growth Rate
Common Log (base

Result
Population 10)

Coefficient
Radioactivity
Natural Log (base e)

Exponential Function
Half-life
Change of Base Rule

Exponential Growth
Compound Interest
Inverse Function

Exponential Decay
Principal

Percent Increase /
Interest Rate
Decrease
e
 Concepts and Skills

Unit 1: Polynomials
I. Scientific Notation
A. Write a number in scientific notation
B. Convert a number from scientific notation back to standard notation

II. Exponents
A. Apply rule about multiplying numbers (add exponents)
B. Apply rule about dividing numbers (subtract exponents)
C. Apply rule about raising to a power (multiply exponents)
D. Only if the bases are the same

III. Polynomial Arithmetic

A. Distinguish between a monomial and a polynomial
B. Find the degree of a monomial or a polynomial
C. Add/Subtract Like Terms (depending on sign)
D. To subtract a polynomial, add its opposite (reverse all its signs)
E. Multiply by distributing every piece to every other piece

IV. Polynomial Analysis

A. Graph a polynomial in the coordinate plane
B. Identify the zeros of a polynomial in factored form using the Zero Factor
Property
C. Identify the zeros of a polynomial from its graph
D. Evaluate a polynomial at a given value
E. Identify end behavior of a polynomial from its equation or graph
Unit 2: Quadratics
V. FOIL & Factoring
A. When multiplying a binomial times a binomial, you distribute every piece to
be multiplied by every other piece
B. To simplify, you multiply the Firsts, then the Outsides, then the Insides, then
the Lasts
C. Factoring is reverse distribution: you can always check your work by using
FOIL or the distributive property
D. To factor x2 + bx + c, find numbers that multiply to give c but add to give b
VI. Graphing Parabolas
A. Identify if a quadratic function’s parabola points up or down
B. Identify if it is wide, normal, or narrow
C. Identify its vertex from a graph
D. Identify its vertex if the equation is in vertex form
E. Identify its zeros from the graph
F. Identify its zeros no matter what form the equation is in (see next category)
G. Substitute values for x into a quadratic function
H. Fill out a table of values and plot the points in a graph
VII. Solving Quadratic Equations
A. Identify if an equation is in standard form (ax2 + bx + c = 0) or vertex form
(a(x-h)2 + k = 0) or factored form (a(x-r1) (x-r2) = 0)
B. In factored form, set each piece equal to zero, then solve one piece at a time
C. In vertex form, solve by getting the x alone, step-by-step reversing every
operation by doing its opposite
− b ± b2 − 4 ⋅ a ⋅ c
D. In standard form, use the Quadratic Formula:
2⋅a
“Negative b
Plus or minus the
Square root of b squared
Minus four times a times c
All over two a, hey!”
E. Combine like terms to get an equation in standard form
VIII. Application
A. Various word problems may ask you to evaluate a quadratic function at a
value, find its vertex, or find its zeros
B. Physics applications with gravity use the formula h = − gt 2 + v0 t + h0 , with
1
2
g = 32 ft/s/s = 9.8m/s/s, v0 = starting velocity, h0 = starting height
C. Physics applications with pendula use the formula

or L = T2,
L g
T = 2π
g 4π 2

with L the pendulum’s length, T the period in seconds, and the gravitational
constant g = 32 ft/s/s = 9.8m/s/s
Unit 3: Multidimensional Linearity
IX. Matrices
A. State the dimensions of a matrix (e.g. 3x2)
B. Add and subtract matrices (if their dimensions are the same)
C. Multiply a matrix by a scalar
D. Multiply matrices (rows by columns, if ‘inside’ dimensions match)
E. Find the determinant of a 2x2 matrix (ad – bc)
F. Find the inverse of a 2x2 matrix (by calculator or by hand:
1  d − b
A−1 =
det ( A) − c a 
)

X. Systems of Linear Equations

A. Solve by Cramer’s Rule (C, Cx, Cy, determinants)
B. Solve by Matrix Inversion (A-1*B) with calculator or by hand
C. Solve by researched method (substitution or elimination)
D. Graph and show solution as intersection of lines
E. Interpret solution in real-world application
F. Rearrange linear equations into standard form (Ax + By = C) or into slope-
intercept form (y = mx + b)

XI. Systems of Linear Inequalities (Linear Programming)

A. Solve and graph real inequalities in one variable
B. Solve and graph linear inequalities in two variables
C. Graph a system of constraints (linear inequalities)
D. Find coordinates of vertices of shaded regions
E. Evaluate the objective function at vertices
F. Pick optimal solution
G. Write a real-world situation as constraints and objective function
H. Interpret optimal solution in real-world context
Unit 4: Trigonometry
XII. Trig of the Right Triangle
A. Know the definitions of sine, cosine, and tangent (SOHCAHTOA)
B. Find the sine, cosine, or tangent of a given angle, using definitions & a picture
C. Find the sine, cosine, or tangent of a given angle, using calculator or trig table
D. Set up a proportion to solve for a missing side
E. Use inverses to find a missing angle
F. Use the Pythagorean Theorem c 2 = a 2 + b 2
G. Draw a diagram to represent a real-world situation
XIII. Trig of Other Triangles
A. Law of Sines:
sin A sin B sin C
= =
a b c
B. Law of Cosines: c = a + b − 2ab cos(C )
2 2 2

C. Use the Law of Sines if you have two angles and a side opposite one of them
D. Use the Law of Sines if you have two sides and an angle opposite one of them
E. Use the Law of Cosines if you have all sides and wish to know an angle
(opposite side c)
F. Use the Law of Cosines if your have two sides and the angle opposite the side
you wish to know
XIV. Trig of the Unit Circle
A. Measure angles in degrees
B. Convert between degrees and radians (conversion factor is π/180 or 180/π)
C. Draw an angle in standard position
D. Find the coordinates of the point where the terminal side meets the unit circle

x = cos θ
y = sin θ
E. Find the slope of the terminal side (tan θ)
F. Use the unit circle to help you with solving trig equations
XV. Periodic Functions
A. Sketch the graph of a periodic function
B. Identify domain (possible x-values) & range (possible y-values) of a function
C. Identify the zeros, maxima, and minima of a function
D. Identify the period (length, in the x-direction, of one cycle)
E. Identify the amplitude (half the total height, in the y-direction)
F. Use the equation of a sine, cosine or tangent function transformed to
determine period and amplitude
(1) y = a sin (bθ): |a| = amplitude, 2π/b = period
(2) y = a cos (bθ): |a| = amplitude, 2π/b = period
(3) y = a tan (bθ): amplitude is infinite, π/b = period
XVI. Solving Trig Equations
A. Solve by doing the opposite of each operation
B. Solve by graphing the function and the value it’s supposed to equal on the
calculator, and finding points of intersection
Unit 5: Exponentials
XVII. Basic Exponents
A. Identify base, exponent, result in an exponential equation
B. Apply rule about multiplying numbers (add exponents)
C. Apply rule about dividing numbers (subtract exponents)
D. Apply rule about raising to a power (multiply exponents)
E. Only if the bases are the same

XVIII. Exponential Functions

A. y = a· bx
B. Find values of points on an exponential function
C. Identify the domain and range of an exponential function
D. Identify the y-intercept (initial value) of an exponential function
E. Identify as growth (b>1) or decay (0<b<1)
F. Calculate percent increase or decrease
G. Use initial value and growth rate to write the equation for an exponential
function to model a population, then evaluate to predict population numbers
H. Use the exponential decay function to model percent of a radioactive element
left after x half-lives

XIX. Logarithms
A. Identify base, exponent, result in a logarithmic equation
B. Convert between log equations and exponential equations
C. Use this conversion to evaluate simple logarithmic expressions
D. Use rules of logarithms (compare to Section II above) to simplify or expand
logarithmic expressions
E. Apply change of base formula to evaluate complicated logarithmic
expressions
F. Use logarithms (as inverse exponentiation) to solve exponential equations