HTML Tutorial

HTML Tutorial
HTML Tutorial
In this HTML tutorial you will learn how to use HTML to create your own Web site. HTML is very easy to learn! You will enjoy it! Start learning HTML now!
HTML Examples
Learn by 100 examples! With our editor, you can edit HTML, and click on a test button to view the result. Try-It-Yourself!
HTML Quiz Test

Test your HTML skills at W3Schools! Start HTML Quiz!
HTML Exam - Get Your Diploma!

W3Schools' Online Certification Program is the perfect solution for busy professionals who need to balance work, family, and career building. The HTML Developer Certificate is for developers who want to document their knowledge of HTML 4.01, XHTML, and CSS. HTML Developer Certificate!
HTML References
At W3Schools you will find complete HTML references about tags, attributes, colors, entities, and more. HTML 4.01 References
Introduction to HTML
What is an HTML File?

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language An HTML file is a text file containing small markup tags
The markup tags tell the Web browser how to display the page An HTML file must have an htm or html file extension An HTML file can be created using a simple text editor
Do You Want to Try It?

If you are running Windows, start Notepad. If you are on a Mac, start SimpleText. In OSX start TextEdit and change the following preferences: Open the the "Format" menu and select "Plain text" instead of "Rich text". Then open the "Preferences" window under the "Text Edit" menu and select "Ignore rich text commands in HTML files". Your HTML code will probably not work if you do not change the preferences above! Type in the following text:
<html> <head> <title>Title of page</title> </head> <body> This is my first homepage. <b>This text is bold</b> </body> </html>
Save the file as "mypage.htm". Start your Internet browser. Select "Open" (or "Open Page") in the File menu of your browser. A dialog box will appear. Select "Browse" (or "Choose File") and locate the HTML file you just created - "mypage.htm" - select it and click "Open". Now you should see an address in the dialog box, for example "C:\MyDocuments\mypage.htm". Click OK, and the browser will display the page.
Example Explained
The first tag in your HTML document is <html>. This tag tells your browser that this is the start of an HTML document. The last tag in your document is </html>. This tag tells your browser that this is the end of the HTML document. The text between the <head> tag and the </head> tag is header information. Header information is not displayed in the browser window. The text between the <title> tags is the title of your document. The title is displayed in your browser's caption. The text between the <body> tags is the text that will be displayed in your browser. The text between the <b> and </b> tags will be displayed in a bold font.
HTM or HTML Extension?
When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html extension. We have used .htm in our examples. It might be a bad habit inherited from the past when some of the commonly used software only allowed three letter extensions. With newer software we think it will be perfectly safe to use .html.
Note on HTML Editors:

You can easily edit HTML files using a WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) editor like FrontPage or Dreamweaver, instead of writing your markup tags in a plain text file. However, if you want to be a skillful Web developer, we strongly recommend that you use a plain text editor to learn your primer HTML.
Frequently Asked Questions

Q: After I have edited an HTML file, I cannot view the result in my browser. Why? A: Make sure that you have saved the file with a proper name and extension like "c:\mypage.htm". Also make sure that you use the same name when you open the file in your browser. Q: I have edited an HTML file, but the changes don't show in the browser. Why? A: A browser caches pages so it doesn't have to read the same page twice. When you have modified a page, the browser doesn't know that. Use the browser's refresh/reload button to force the browser to reload the page. Q: What browser should I use? A: You can do all the training with all of the well-known browsers, like Internet Explorer, Firefox, Netscape, or Opera. However, some of the examples in our advanced classes require the latest versions of the browsers. Q: Does my computer have to run Windows? What about a Mac? A: You can do all your training on a non-Windows computer like a Mac.
HTML Elements
HTML documents are text files made up of HTML elements. HTML elements are defined using HTML tags.
HTML Tags
HTML tags are used to mark-up HTML elements HTML tags are surrounded by the two characters < and > The surrounding characters are called angle brackets HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b> The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag The text between the start and end tags is the element content HTML tags are not case sensitive, <b> means the same as <B>
HTML Elements
Remember the HTML example from the previous page:
<html> <head> <title>Title of page</title> </head> <body> This is my first homepage. <b>This text is bold</b> </body> </html>
This is an HTML element:
<b>This text is bold</b>

The HTML element starts with a start tag: <b> The content of the HTML element is: This text is bold The HTML element ends with an end tag: </b> The purpose of the <b> tag is to define an HTML element that should be displayed as bold. This is also an HTML element:
<body> This is my first homepage. <b>This text is bold</b> </body>

This HTML element starts with the start tag <body>, and ends with the end tag </body>. The purpose of the <body> tag is to define the HTML element that contains the body of the HTML document.
Why do We Use Lowercase Tags?

We have just said that HTML tags are not case sensitive: <B> means the same as <b>. If you surf the Web, you will notice that plenty of web sites use uppercase HTML tags in their source code. We always use lowercase tags. Why? If you want to follow the latest web standards, you should always use lowercase tags. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase tags in their HTML 4 recommendation, and XHTML (the next generation HTML) demands lowercase tags.
Tag Attributes
Tags can have attributes. Attributes provide additional information to an HTML element. The following tag defines an HTML table: <table>. With an added border attribute, you can tell the browser that the table should have no borders: <table border="0">
Attributes always come in name/value pairs like this: name="value". Attributes are always specified in the start tag of an HTML element. Attributes and attribute values are also case-insensitive. However, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends lowercase attributes/attribute values in their HTML 4 recommendation, and XHTML demands lowercase attributes/attribute values.
Always Quote Attribute Values

Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes. Double style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are also allowed. In some rare situations, like when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes: name='John "ShotGun" Nelson'
Basic HTML Tags
The most important tags in HTML are tags that define headings, paragraphs and line breaks. The best way to learn HTML is to work with examples. We have created a very nice HTML editor for you. With this editor, you can edit the HTML source code if you like, and click on a test button to view the result.
Try it Yourself - Examples

A very simple HTML document This example is a very simple HTML document, with only a minimum of HTML tags. It demonstrates how the text inside a body element is displayed in the browser. Simple paragraphs This example demonstrates how the text inside paragraph elements is displayed in the browser. (You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)
Headings
Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags. <h1> defines the largest heading. <h6> defines the smallest heading.
<h1>This <h2>This <h3>This <h4>This <h5>This
is is is is is
a a a a a
heading</h1> heading</h2> heading</h3> heading</h4> heading</h5>
<h6>This is a heading</h6>
HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after a heading.
Paragraphs
Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.
<p>This is a paragraph</p> <p>This is another paragraph</p>

HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after a paragraph.
Line Breaks
The <br> tag is used when you want to end a line, but don't want to start a new paragraph. The <br> tag forces a line break wherever you place it.
<p>This <br> is a para<br>graph with line breaks</p>

The <br> tag is an empty tag. It has no closing tag.
Comments in HTML
The comment tag is used to insert a comment in the HTML source code. A comment will be ignored by the browser. You can use comments to explain your code, which can help you when you edit the source code at a later date.


Note that you need an exclamation point after the opening bracket, but not before the closing bracket.
Basic Notes - Useful Tips

When you write HTML text, you can never be sure how the text is displayed in another browser. Some people have large computer displays, some have small. The text will be reformatted every time the user resizes his window. Never try to format the text in your editor by adding empty lines and spaces to the text. HTML will truncate the spaces in your text. Any number of spaces count as one. Some extra information: In HTML a new line counts as one space. Using empty paragraphs <p> to insert blank lines is a bad habit. Use the <br> tag instead. (But don't use the <br> tag to create lists. Wait until you have learned about HTML lists.) You might have noticed that paragraphs can be written without the closing tag </p>. Don't rely on it. The next version of HTML will not allow you to skip ANY closing tags.
HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after some elements, like before and after a paragraph, and before and after a heading. We use a horizontal rule (the <hr> tag), to separate the sections in our tutorials.
More Examples
More paragraphs This example demonstrates some of the default behaviors of paragraph elements. Line breaks This example demonstrates the use of line breaks in an HTML document. Poem problems This example demonstrates some problems with HTML formatting. Headings This example demonstrates the tags that display headings in an HTML document. Center aligned heading This example demonstrates a center aligned heading. Horizontal rule This example demonstrates how to insert a horizontal rule. Hidden comments This example demonstrates how to insert a hidden comment in the HTML source code. Background color This example demonstrates adding a background-color to an HTML page.
Basic HTML Tags

Tag <html> <body> <h1> to <h6> <p> <br> <hr>  <blockquote> Text quoted from some source. </blockquote> <address> Address 1<br> Address 2<br> City<br> </address> Source : http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_quick.asp
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HTML ADVANCED
HTML Layout
Everywhere on the Web you will find pages that are formatted like newspaper pages using HTML columns.
HTML Layout - Using Tables

One very common practice with HTML, is to use HTML tables to format the layout of an HTML page. A part of this page is formatted with two columns, like a newspaper page. As you can see on this page, there is a left column and a right column. This text is displayed in the left column. An HTML <table> is used to divide a part of this Web page into two columns. The trick is to use a table without borders, and maybe a little extra cell-padding. No matter how much text you add to this page, it will stay inside its column borders.
Same Layout - Color Added

One very common practice with HTML, is to use HTML tables to format the layout of an HTML page. A part of this page is formatted with two columns, like a newspaper page. As you can see at this page, there is a left column and a right column. An HTML <table> is used to divide a part of this Web page into two columns. This text is displayed in the right column. The trick is to use a table without borders, and maybe a little extra cell-padding. No matter how much text you add to this page, it will stay inside its column borders.
Examples
Dividing a part of an HTML page into table columns is very easy to do. To let you experiment with it, we have put together this simple example.
HTML Joke
Student: "How do you spell HTML?"
HTML Fonts
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The <font> tag in HTML is deprecated. It is supposed to be removed in a future version of HTML. Even if a lot of people are using it, you should try to avoid it, and use styles instead.
The HTML <font> Tag

With HTML code like this, you can specify both the size and the type of the browser output :
<p> <font size="2" face="Verdana"> This is a paragraph. </font> </p> <p> <font size="3" face="Times"> This is another paragraph. </font> </p>
Try it yourself
Font Attributes
Attribute size="number" size="+number" size="-number" face="face-name" color="color-value" color="color-name" Example size="2" size="+1" size="-1" face="Times" color="#eeff00" color="red" Purpose Defines the font size Increases the font size Decreases the font size Defines the font-name Defines the font color Defines the font color
The <font> Tag Should NOT be Used

The <font> tag is deprecated in the latest versions of HTML (HTML 4 and XHTML). The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has removed the <font> tag from its recommendations. In future versions of HTML, style sheets (CSS) will be used to define the layout and display properties of HTML elements.
The Right Way to Do It - With Styles

Set the font of text This example demonstrates how to set the font of a text. Set the font size of text This example demonstrates how to set the font size of a text. Set the font color of text This example demonstrates how to set the color of a text.
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Set the font, font size, and font color of text This example demonstrates how to set the font, font size, and font color of a text.
Where to Learn More About Style Sheets?

First off: Finish the last chapters in our HTML tutorial !!! In the following chapters we will explain why some tags, like <font>, are to be removed from the HTML recommendations, and how to insert a style sheet in an HTML document. To learn more about style sheets: Study our CSS Tutorial.
Why use HTML 4.0?
HTML 3.2 Was Very Wrong !

The original HTML was never intended to contain tags for formatting a document. HTML tags were intended to define the content of the document like: <p>This is a paragraph</p> <h1>This is a heading</h1> When tags like <font> and color attributes were added to the HTML 3.2 specification, it started a nightmare for web developers. Development of large web sites where fonts and color information had to be added to every single Web page, became a long, expensive and unduly painful process.
What is so Great About HTML 4.0 ?

In HTML 4.0 all formatting can be removed from the HTML document and stored in a separate style sheet. Because HTML 4.0 separates the presentation from the document structure, we have what we always needed: Total control of presentation layout without messing up the document content.
What Should You do About it ?

Do not use presentation attributes inside your HTML tags if you can avoid it. Start using styles! Please read our CSS tutorial to learn about style sheets. Do not use deprecated tags. Visit our complete HTML 4.01 Reference to see which tags and attributes that are deprecated.
Prepare Yourself for XHTML

XHTML is the "new" HTML. The most important thing you can do is to start writing valid HTML 4.01. Also start writing your tags in lower case. Always close your tag elements. Never end a paragraph without </p>.
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NOTE: The official HTML 4.01 recommends the use of lower case tags. If you want to read about how this web site was converted to XHTML, please visit our XHTML tutorial.
Validate Your HTML Files as HTML 4.01

An HTML document is validated against a Document Type Definition (DTD). Before an HTML file can be properly validated, a correct DTD must be added as the first line of the file. The HTML 4.01 Strict DTD includes elements and attributes that have not been deprecated or do not appear in framesets:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">

The HTML 4.01 Transitional DTD includes everything in the strict DTD plus deprecated elements and attributes:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

The HTML 4.01 Frameset DTD includes everything in the transitional DTD plus frames as well:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">
Test Your HTML With the W3C Validator

Input your page address in the box below (like http://www.w3schools.com/)
Validate the page
HTML Styles
With HTML 4.0 all formatting can be moved out of the HTML document and into a separate style sheet.
Examples
Styles in HTML This example demonstrates how to format an HTML document with style information added to the <head> section.
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Link that is not underlined This example demonstrates how to make a link that is not underlined, using a style attribute. Link to an external style sheet This example demonstrates how to use the <link> tag to link to an external style sheet.
How to Use Styles

When a browser reads a style sheet, it will format the document according to it. There are three ways of inserting a style sheet:
External Style Sheet

An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside the head section.
<head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css"> </head> Internal Style Sheet

An internal style sheet should be used when a single document has a unique style. You define internal styles in the head section with the <style> tag.
<head> <style type="text/css"> body {background-color: red} p {margin-left: 20px} </style> </head> Inline Styles
An inline style should be used when a unique style is to be applied to a single occurrence of an element. To use inline styles you use the style attribute in the relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS property. The example shows how to change the color and the left margin of a paragraph:
<p style="color: red; margin-left: 20px"> This is a paragraph </p>

To learn more about styles, visit our CSS tutorial.
Style Tags
Tag Description
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<style> <link> <div> <span> <font> <basefont> <center>
Defines a style definition Defines a resource reference Defines a section in a document Defines a section in a document Deprecated. Use styles instead Deprecated. Use styles instead Deprecated. Use styles instead
Joke
Customer: Hello, it's me! Support: It's me too! Customer: No, Esmie. E, s, m, i, e! Support: Sorry!
HTML Head
Examples
The title of a document The title information inside a head element is not displayed in the browser window. One target for all links This example demonstrates how to use the base tag to let all the links on a page open in a new window.
The Head Element

The head element contains general information, also called meta-information, about a document. Meta means "information about". You can say that meta-data means information about data, or meta-information means information about information.
Information Inside the Head Element

The elements inside the head element should not be displayed by a browser. According to the HTML standard, only a few tags are legal inside the head section. These are: <base>, <link>, <meta>, <title>, <style>, and <script>. Look at the following illegal construct:
<head> <p>This is some text</p> </head>
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In this case the browser has two options:
Display the text because it is inside a paragraph element Hide the text because it is inside a head element
If you put an HTML element like <h1> or <p> inside a head element like this, most browsers will display it, even if it is illegal. Should browsers forgive you for errors like this? We don't think so. Others do.
Head Tags
Tag <head> <title> <base> <link> <meta> Tag <!DOCTYPE> Description Defines information about the document Defines the document title Defines a base URL for all the links on a page Defines a resource reference Defines meta information Description Defines the document type. This tag goes before the <html> start tag.
HTML Meta
Examples
Document description Information inside a meta element describes the document. Document keywords Information inside a meta element describes the document's keywords. Redirect a user This example demonstrates how to redirect a user if your site address has changed.
The Meta Element

As we explained in the previous chapter, the head element contains general information (metainformation) about a document. HTML also includes a meta element that goes inside the head element. The purpose of the meta element is to provide meta-information about the document. Most often the meta element is used to provide information that is relevant to browsers or search engines like describing the content of your document. Note: W3C states that "Some user agents support the use of META to refresh the current page after a specified number of seconds, with the option of replacing it by a different URI. Authors
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should not use this technique to forward users to different pages, as this makes the page inaccessible to some users. Instead, automatic page forwarding should be done using server-side redirects" at http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/struct/global.html#adef-http-equiv.
Keywords for Search Engines

Some search engines on the WWW will use the name and content attributes of the meta tag to index your pages. This meta element defines a description of your page: <meta name="description" content="Free Web tutorials on HTML, CSS, XML, and XHTML"> This meta element defines keywords for your page: <meta name="keywords" content="HTML, DHTML, CSS, XML, XHTML, JavaScript, VBScript"> The intention of the name and content attributes is to describe the content of a page. However, since too many webmasters have used meta tags for spamming, like repeating keywords to give pages a higher ranking, some search engines have stopped using them entirely. You can read more about search engines in our Web Building Tutorial.
Unknown Meta Attributes

Sometimes you will see meta attributes that are unknown to you like this: <meta name="security" content="low"> Then you just have to accept that this is something unique to the site or to the author of the site, and that it has probably no relevance to you. You can see a complete list of the meta element attributes in our Complete HTML 4.01 Tag Reference.
HTML Uniform Resource Locators
HTML Links
When you click on a link in an HTML document like this: Last Page, an underlying <a> tag points to a place (an address) on the Web with an href attribute value like this: <a href="lastpage.htm">Last Page</a>. The Last Page link in the example is a link that is relative to the Web site that you are browsing, and your browser will construct a full Web address like http://www.w3schools.com/html/lastpage.htm to access the page.
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Uniform Resource Locators

Something called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is used to address a document (or other data) on the World Wide Web. A full Web address like this: http://www.w3schools.com/html/lastpage.htm follows these syntax rules: scheme://host.domain:port/path/filename The scheme is defining the type of Internet service. The most common type is http. The domain is defining the Internet domain name like w3schools.com. The host is defining the domain host. If omitted, the default host for http is www. The :port is defining the port number at the host. The port number is normally omitted. The default port number for http is 80. The path is defining a path (a sub directory) at the server. If the path is omitted, the resource (the document) must be located at the root directory of the Web site. The filename is defining the name of a document. The default filename might be default.asp, or index.html or something else depending on the settings of the Web server.
URL Schemes
Some examples of the most common schemes can be found below: Schemes file ftp http gopher news telnet WAIS Access a file on your local PC a file on an FTP server a file on a World Wide Web Server a file on a Gopher server a Usenet newsgroup a Telnet connection a file on a WAIS server
Accessing a Newsgroup
The following HTML code: <a href="news:alt.html">HTML Newsgroup</a> creates a link to a newsgroup like this HTML Newsgroup.
Downloading with FTP

The following HTML code: <a href="ftp://www.w3schools.com/ftp/winzip.exe">Download WinZip</a>
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creates a link to download a file like this: Download WinZip. (The link doesn't work. Don't try it. It is just an example. W3Schools doesn't really have an ftp directory.)
Link to your Mail system

The following HTML code: <a href="mailto:someone@w3schools.com">someone@w3schools.com</a> creates a link to your own mail system like this: someone@w3schools.com
HTML Scripts
Add scripts to HTML pages to make them more dynamic and interactive.
Examples
Insert a script This example demonstrates how to insert a script into your HTML document. Work with browsers that do not support scripts This example demonstrates how to handle browsers that do not support scripting.
Insert a Script into HTML Page

A script in HTML is defined with the <script> tag. Note that you will have to use the type attribute to specify the scripting language.
<html> <head> </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript"> document.write("Hello World!") </script> </body> </html>
The script above will produce this output: Hello World! Note: To learn more about scripting in HTML, visit our JavaScript School.
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How to Handle Older Browsers

A browser that does not recognize the <script> tag at all, will display the <script> tag's content as text on the page. To prevent the browser from doing this, you should hide the script in comment tags. An old browser (that does not recognize the <script> tag) will ignore the comment and it will not write the tag's content on the page, while a new browser will understand that the script should be executed, even if it is surrounded by comment tags.
Example
JavaScript: <script type="text/javascript"> <!-document.write("Hello World!") //--> </script> VBScript: <script type="text/vbscript"> <!-document.write("Hello World!") '--> </script>
The <noscript> Tag

In addition to hiding the script inside a comment, you can also add a <noscript> tag. The <noscript> tag is used to define an alternate text if a script is NOT executed. This tag is used for browsers that recognize the <script> tag, but do not support the script inside, so these browsers will display the text inside the <noscript> tag instead. However, if a browser supports the script inside the <script> tag it will ignore the <noscript> tag.
Example
JavaScript: <script type="text/javascript"> <!-document.write("Hello World!") //--> </script> <noscript>Your browser does not support JavaScript!</noscript> VBScript: <script type="text/vbscript"> <!-document.write("Hello World!") '--> </script> <noscript>Your browser does not support VBScript!</noscript>
Script Tags
Tag <script> Description Defines a script
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<noscript> <object> <param> <applet>
Defines an alternate text if the script is not executed Defines an embedded object Defines run-time settings (parameters) for an object Deprecated. Use <object> instead
HTML 4.0 Standard Attributes
HTML tags can have attributes. The special attributes for each tag are listed under each tag description. The attributes listed here are the core and language attributes that are standard for all tags (with a few exceptions):
Core Attributes
Not valid in base, head, html, meta, param, script, style, and title elements. Attribute class id style title Value class_rule or style_rule id_name style_definition tooltip_text Description The class of the element A unique id for the element An inline style definition A text to display in a tool tip
Language Attributes
Not valid in base, br, frame, frameset, hr, iframe, param, and script elements. Attribute dir lang Value ltr | rtl language_code Description Sets the text direction Sets the language code
Keyboard Attributes
Attribute accesskey tabindex Value character number Description Sets a keyboard shortcut to access an element Sets the tab order of an element
HTML 4.0 Event Attributes
New to HTML 4.0 is the ability to let HTML events trigger actions in the browser, like starting a JavaScript when a user clicks on an HTML element. Below is a list of attributes that can be inserted into HTML tags to define event actions.
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If you want to learn more about programming with these events, you should study our JavaScript tutorial and our DHTML tutorial.
Window Events
Only valid in body and frameset elements. Attribute onload onunload Value script script Description Script to be run when a document loads Script to be run when a document unloads
Form Element Events

Only valid in form elements. Attribute onchange onsubmit onreset onselect onblur onfocus Value script script script script script script Description Script to be run when the element changes Script to be run when the form is submitted Script to be run when the form is reset Script to be run when the element is selected Script to be run when the element loses focus Script to be run when the element gets focus
Keyboard Events
Not valid in base, bdo, br, frame, frameset, head, html, iframe, meta, param, script, style, and title elements. Attribute onkeydown onkeypress onkeyup Value script script script Description What to do when key is pressed What to do when key is pressed and released What to do when key is released
Mouse Events
Not valid in base, bdo, br, frame, frameset, head, html, iframe, meta, param, script, style, title elements. Attribute onclick ondblclick onmousedown onmousemove onmouseout onmouseover onmouseup Value script script script script script script script Description What to do on a mouse click What to do on a mouse double-click What to do when mouse button is pressed What to do when mouse pointer moves What to do when mouse pointer moves out of an element What to do when mouse pointer moves over an element What to do when mouse button is released
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HTML URL-encoding Reference
Below is a reference of ASCII characters in URL-encoding form (hexadecimal format). Hexadecimal values can be used to display non-standard letters and characters in browsers and plug-ins.
Try It
Type some text or an ASCII value in the input field below, and click on the "URL Encode" button to see the URL-encoding.
URL Encode
URL-encoding from %00 to %8f

ASCII Value URL-encode %00 %01 %02 %03 %04 %05 %06 %07 backspace tab linefeed %08 %09 %0a %0b %0c c return %0d %0e %0f %10 %11 %12 %13 ASCII Value 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C URL-encode %30 %31 %32 %33 %34 %35 %36 %37 %38 %39 %3a %3b %3c %3d %3e %3f %40 %41 %42 %43 ASCII Value ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s URL-encode %60 %61 %62 %63 %64 %65 %66 %67 %68 %69 %6a %6b %6c %6d %6e %6f %70 %71 %72 %73
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%14 %15 %16 %17 %18 %19 %1a %1b %1c %1d %1e %1f space ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , . / %20 %21 %22 %23 %24 %25 %26 %27 %28 %29 %2a %2b %2c %2d %2e %2f
D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _
%44 %45 %46 %47 %48 %49 %4a %4b %4c %4d %4e %4f %50 %51 %52 %53 %54 %55 %56 %57 %58 %59 %5a %5b %5c %5d %5e %5f
t u v w x y z { | } ~
%74 %75 %76 %77 %78 %79 %7a %7b %7c %7d %7e %7f %80 %81 %82 %83 %84 %85 %86 %87 %88 %89 %8a %8b %8c %8d %8e %8f
URL-encoding from %90 to %ff

ASCII Value URL-encode %90 %91 %92 %93 %94 %95 %96 %97 %98 %99 %9a %9b %9c %9d %9e %9f ASCII Value URL-encode %c0 %c1 %c2 %c3 %c4 %c5 %c6 %c7 %c8 %c9 %ca %cb %cc %cd %ce %cf ASCII Value URL-encode %f0 %f1 %f2 %f3 %f4 %f5 %f6 %f7 %f8 %f9 %fa %fb %fc %fd %fe %ff
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%a0 | %a1 %a2 %a3 %a4 %a5 %a6 %a7 %a8 %a9 %aa %ab %ac %ad %ae %af %b0 %b1 %b2 %b3 %b4 %b5 %b6 %b7 %b8 %b9 %ba %bb %bc %bd %be %bf
%d0 %d1 %d2 %d3 %d4 %d5 %d6 %d7 %d8 %d9 %da %db %dc %dd %de %df %e0 %e1 %e2 %e3 %e4 %e5 %e6 %e7 %e8 %e9 %ea %eb %ec %ed %ee %ef
Ready to Publish Your Work?
Your First Step: A Personal Web Server

If you want other people to view your pages, you must publish them. To publish your work, you have to copy your files to a web server. Your own PC can act as a web server if it is connected to a network. If you are running Windows 98, you can use the PWS (Personal Web Server). PWS is hiding in the PWS folder in your Windows CD.
Personal Web Server (PWS)
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PWS turns any Windows computer into a Web server. PWS is easy to install and ideal for developing and testing Web applications. PWS has been optimized for workstation use, but has all the requirements of a full Web server. It also runs Active Server Pages (ASP) just like its larger brother IIS.
How to Install a Personal Web Server (PWS):

Browse your Windows installation to see if you have installed PWS. If not, install PWS from the PWS directory on your Windows CD. Follow the instructions and get your Personal Web Server up and running.
Read more about Microsoft's Personal Web Server. Note: Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition does not come with the option to turn your computer into a PWS!
Internet Information Server (IIS)

Windows 2000's built-in Web server IIS, makes it easy to build large applications for the Web. Both PWS and IIS include ASP, a server-side scripting standard that can be used to create dynamic and interactive Web applications. IIS is also available for Windows NT. If you want to read more about ASP, you should study our ASP School. Read more about Microsoft's Internet Information Services.
Your Next Step: A Professional Web Server

If you do not want to use PWS or IIS, you must upload your files to a public server. Most Internet Service Providers (ISP's) will offer to host your web pages. If your employer has an Internet Server, you can ask him to host your Web site. If you are really serious about this, you should install your own Internet Server.
Before you select an ISP, make sure you read W3Schools Web Hosting Tutorial !!
You Have Learned HTML, Now What?
HTML Summary
This tutorial has taught you how to use HTML to create your own web site. HTML is the universal markup language for the Web. HTML lets you format text, add graphics, create links, input forms, frames and tables, etc., and save it all in a text file that any browser can read and display. The key to HTML is the tags, which indicates what content is coming up. For more information on HTML, please take a look at our HTML examples and our HTML reference.
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Now You Know HTML, What's Next?

The next step is to learn XHTML and CSS. XHTML XHTML is the "new" HTML. The latest HTML recommendation is HTML 4.01. This is the last and final HTML version. HTML will be replaced by XHTML, which is a stricter and cleaner version of HTML. If you want to learn more about XHTML, please visit our XHTML tutorial. CSS CSS is used to control the style and layout of multiple Web pages all at once. With CSS, all formatting can be removed from the HTML document and stored in a separate file. CSS gives you total control of the layout, without messing up the document content. To learn how to create style sheets, please visit our CSS tutorial.
HTML Examples
HTML Basic Tags Examples A very simple HTML document How text inside paragraphs is displayed More paragraphs The use of line breaks Poem problems (some problems with HTML formatting) Heading tags Center aligned heading Insert a horizontal rule Comments in the HTML source Add a background color Examples explained
HTML Formatting Text Examples Text formatting Preformatted text (how to control line breaks and spaces) Different computer-output tags Insert an address Abbreviations and acronyms Text direction
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Long and short quotations How to mark deleted and inserted text Examples explained
HTML Link Examples How to create hyperlinks Set an image as a link Open a link in a new browser window Jump to another part of a document (on the same page) Break out of a frame How to link to a mail message (will only work if you have mail installed) A more complicated mailto link Examples explained
HTML Frame Examples How to create a vertical frameset with 3 different documents How to create a horizontal frameset with 3 different documents How to use the <noframes> tag How to mix a frameset in rows and columns Frameset with noresize="noresize" How to create a navigation frame Inline frame (a frame inside an HTML page) Jump to a specified section within a frame Jump to a specified section with frame navigation Examples explained
HTML Table Examples Simple tables Different table borders Table with no borders Headings in a table Empty cells Table with a caption Table cells that span more than one row/column Tags inside a table Cell padding (control the white space between cell content and the borders Cell spacing (control the distance between cells) Add a background color or a background image to a table Add a background color or a background image to a table cell Align the content in a table cell The frame attribute The frame and border attributes Examples explained
HTML List Examples
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An unordered list An ordered list Different types of ordered lists Different types of unordered Lists Nested list Nested list 2 Definition list Examples explained
HTML Form and Input Examples How to create input fields Password fields Checkboxes Radiobuttons Simple drop-down box (a selectable list) Another drop-down box with a pre-selected value Textarea (a multi-line text input field) Create a button Draw a border with a caption around data Form with an input field and a submit button Form with checkboxes and a submit button Form with radiobuttons and a submit button Send e-mail from a form Examples explained
HTML Image Examples Insert images Insert images from another folder or another server Background image Align an image within a text Let the image float to the left/right of a paragraph Adjust images to different sizes Display an alternate text for an image (if the browser can't load images) Make a hyperlink of an image Create an image-map, with clickable regions Turn an image into an image map Examples explained
HTML Background Examples Good background and text color Bad background and text color Good background image Good background image 2 Bad background image Examples explained
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HTML Style Examples Styles in the head section of an HTML document Link that is not underlined Link to an external style sheet Examples explained
HTML <head> Examples Set a title of a document One target for all links on a page Examples explained
HTML <meta> Examples Document description Document keywords Redirect a user to another URL Examples explained
HTML Script Examples Insert a script Handle browsers that do not support scripts Examples explained
HTML QUIZ
HTML Quiz
You can test your HTML skills with W3Schools' Quiz.
The Test
The test contains 20 questions and there is no time limit. The test is not official, it's just a nice way to see how much you know, or don't know, about HTML.
Your Score Will be Counted

You will get 1 point for each correct answer. At the end of the Quiz, your total score will be displayed. Maximum score is 20 points.
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Good luck! Start the HTML Quiz 1. What does HTML stand for? Hyperlinks and Text Markup Language Home Tool Markup Language Hyper Text Markup Language 2. Who is making the Web standards? The World Wide Web Consortium Netscape Microsoft 3. Choose the correct HTML tag for the largest heading <head> <heading> <h6> <h1> 4. What is the correct HTML tag for inserting a line break? <break> <lb> <br> 5. What is the correct HTML for adding a background color? <body color="yellow"> <background>yellow</background> <body bgcolor="yellow"> 6. Choose the correct HTML tag to make a text bold <b> <bld> <bb> <bold> 7. Choose the correct HTML tag to make a text italic <italics> <ii> <i>
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8. What is the correct HTML for making a hyperlink? <a>http://www.w3schools.com</a> <a name="http://www.w3schools.com">W3Schools.com</a> <a url="http://www.w3schools.com">W3Schools.com</a> <a href="http://www.w3schools.com">W3Schools</a> 9. How can you make an e-mail link? <mail href="xxx@yyy"> <a href="mailto:xxx@yyy"> <mail>xxx@yyy</mail> <a href="xxx@yyy"> 10. How can you open a link in a new browser window? <a href="url" new> <a href="url" target="_blank"> <a href="url" target="new"> 11. Which of these tags are all <table> tags? <table><head><tfoot> <thead><body><tr> <table><tr><tt> <table><tr><td> 12. Choose the correct HTML to left-align the content inside a tablecell <td valign="left"> <td align="left"> <tdleft> <td leftalign> 13. How can you make a list that lists the items with numbers? <list> <ol> <dl> <ul> 14. How can you make a list that lists the items with bullets? <dl>
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<ol> <list> <ul> 15. What is the correct HTML for making a checkbox? <input type="checkbox"> <input type="check"> <checkbox> <check> 16. What is the correct HTML for making a text input field? <input type="textfield"> <textinput type="text"> <textfield> <input type="text"> 17. What is the correct HTML for making a drop-down list? <select> <input type="dropdown"> <input type="list"> <list> 18. What is the correct HTML for making a text area? <input type="textbox"> <input type="textarea"> <textarea> 19. What is the correct HTML for inserting an image? <image src="image.gif"> <img href="image.gif> <img src="image.gif"> <img>image.gif</img> 20. What is the correct HTML for inserting a background image? <body background="background.gif"> <background img="background.gif"> <img src="background.gif" background>
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HTML REFERENCE
HTML 4.01 / XHTML 1.0 Reference
Ordered Alphabetically
NN: indicates the earliest version of Netscape that supports the tag IE: indicates the earliest version of Internet Explorer that supports the tag DTD: indicates in which XHTML 1.0 DTD the tag is allowed. S=Strict, T=Transitional, and F=Frameset Description Defines a comment Defines the document type Defines an anchor Defines an abbreviation Defines an acronym Defines an address element Deprecated. Defines an applet Defines an area inside an image map Defines bold text Defines a base URL for all the links in a page Deprecated. Defines a base font Defines the direction of text display Defines big text Defines a long quotation Defines the body element Inserts a single line break Defines a push button Defines a table caption Deprecated. Defines centered text Defines a citation Defines computer code text Defines attributes for table columns Defines groups of table columns Defines a definition description Defines deleted text Deprecated. Defines a directory list Defines a section in a document Defines a definition term Defines a definition list Defines a definition term Defines emphasized text Defines a fieldset Deprecated. Defines text font, size, and color Defines a form 6.2 NN IE DTD STF 3.0 3.0 STF STF 6.2 4.0 STF 4.0 4.0 STF 2.0 3.0 TF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 TF 6.2 5.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 6.2 4.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 TF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 STF 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 6.2 4.0 STF 3.0 3.0 TF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 6.2 4.0 STF 3.0 3.0 TF 3.0 3.0 STF
Tag  <!DOCTYPE> <a> <abbr> <acronym> <address> <applet> <area> <b> <base> <basefont> <bdo> <big> <blockquote> <body> <br> <button> <caption> <center> <cite> <code> <col> <colgroup> <dd> <del> <dir> <div> <dfn> <dl> <dt> <em> <fieldset> <font> <form>
3.0 3.0 STF
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<frame> <frameset> <h1> to <h6> <head> <hr> <html> <i> <iframe> <img> <input> <ins> <isindex> <kbd> <label> <legend> <li> <link> <map> <menu> <meta> <noframes> <noscript> <object> <ol> <optgroup> <option> <p> <param> <pre> <q> <s> <samp> <script> <select> <small> <span> <strike> <strong> <style> <sub> <sup> <table> <tbody> <td> <textarea> <tfoot> <th>
Defines a sub window (a frame) Defines a set of frames Defines header 1 to header 6 Defines information about the document Defines a horizontal rule Defines an html document Defines italic text Defines an inline sub window (frame) Defines an image Defines an input field Defines inserted text Deprecated. Defines a single-line input field Defines keyboard text Defines a label for a form control Defines a title in a fieldset Defines a list item Defines a resource reference Defines an image map Deprecated. Defines a menu list Defines meta information Defines a noframe section Defines a noscript section Defines an embedded object Defines an ordered list Defines an option group Defines an option in a drop-down list Defines a paragraph Defines a parameter for an object Defines preformatted text Defines a short quotation Deprecated. Defines strikethrough text Defines sample computer code Defines a script Defines a selectable list Defines small text Defines a section in a document Deprecated. Defines strikethrough text Defines strong text Defines a style definition Defines subscripted text Defines superscripted text Defines a table Defines a table body Defines a table cell Defines a text area Defines a table footer Defines a table header
3.0 3.0 F 3.0 3.0 F 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 6.0 4.0 TF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 6.2 4.0 STF 3.0 3.0 TF 3.0 3.0 STF 6.2 4.0 STF 6.2 4.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 4.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 TF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 TF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 6.0 6.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 6.2 STF 3.0 3.0 TF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 4.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 TF 3.0 3.0 STF 4.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 4.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 4.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF
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<thead> <title> <tr> <tt> <u> <ul> <var> <xmp>
Defines a table header Defines the document title Defines a table row Defines teletype text Deprecated. Defines underlined text Defines an unordered list Defines a variable Deprecated. Defines preformatted text
4.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 TF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0
HTML 4.01 / XHTML 1.0 Reference
Ordered by Function
NN: indicates the earliest version of Netscape that supports the tag IE: indicates the earliest version of Internet Explorer that supports the tag DTD: indicates in which XHTML 1.0 DTD the tag is allowed. S=Strict, T=Transitional, and F=Frameset Purpose NN IE DTD
Start tag Basic Tags <!DOCTYPE> <html> <body> <h1> to <h6> <p> <br> <hr>  Char Format <b> <font> <i> <em> <big> <strong> <small> <sup> <sub> <bdo> <u> Output <pre>
Defines the document type Defines an html document Defines the body element Defines header 1 to header 6 Defines a paragraph Inserts a single line break Defines a horizontal rule Defines a comment
STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF
Defines bold text Deprecated. Defines text font, size, and color Defines italic text Defines emphasized text Defines big text Defines strong text Defines small text Defines superscripted text Defines subscripted text Defines the direction of text display Deprecated. Defines underlined text
3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 TF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 6.2 5.0 STF 3.0 3.0 TF
Defines preformatted text
3.0 3.0 STF
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<code> <tt> <kbd> <var> <dfn> <samp> <xmp> Blocks <acronym> <abbr> <address> <blockquote> <center> <q> <cite> <ins> <del> <s> <strike> Links <a> <link> Frames <frame> <frameset> <noframes> <iframe> Input <form> <input> <textarea> <button> <select> <optgroup> <option> <label> <fieldset> <legend> <isindex> Lists <ul> <ol>
Defines computer code text Defines teletype text Defines keyboard text Defines a variable Defines a definition term Defines sample computer code Deprecated. Defines preformatted text
3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0
Defines an acronym Defines an abbreviation Defines an address element Defines a long quotation Deprecated. Defines centered text Defines a short quotation Defines a citation Defines inserted text Defines deleted text Deprecated. Defines strikethrough text Deprecated. Defines strikethrough text
6.2 4.0 STF 6.2 STF 4.0 4.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 TF 6.2 4.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 6.2 4.0 STF 6.2 4.0 STF 3.0 3.0 TF 3.0 3.0 TF
Defines an anchor Defines a resource reference
3.0 3.0 STF 4.0 3.0 STF
Defines a sub window (a frame) Defines a set of frames Defines a noframe section Defines an inline sub window (frame)
3.0 3.0 F 3.0 3.0 F 3.0 3.0 TF 6.0 4.0 TF
Defines a form Defines an input field Defines a text area Defines a push button Defines a selectable list Defines an option group Defines an item in a list box Defines a label for a form control Defines a fieldset Defines a title in a fieldset Deprecated. Defines a single-line input field
3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 6.2 4.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 6.0 6.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 6.2 4.0 STF 6.2 4.0 STF 6.2 4.0 STF 3.0 3.0 TF
Defines an unordered list Defines an ordered list
3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF
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<li> <dir> <dl> <dt> <dd> <menu> Images <img> <map> <area> Tables <table> <caption> <th> <tr> <td> <thead> <tbody> <tfoot> <col> <colgroup> Styles <style> <div> <span> Meta Info <head> <title> <meta> <base> <basefont> Programming <script> <noscript> <applet> <object> <param>
Defines a list item Deprecated. Defines a directory list Defines a definition list Defines a definition term Defines a definition description Deprecated. Defines a menu list
3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 TF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 TF
Defines an image Defines an image map Defines an area inside an image map
3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF
Defines a table Defines a table caption Defines a table header Defines a table row Defines a table cell Defines a table header Defines a table body Defines a table footer Defines attributes for table columns Defines groups of table columns
3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 4.0 STF 4.0 STF 4.0 STF 3.0 STF 3.0 STF
Defines a style definition Defines a section in a document Defines a section in a document
4.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 4.0 3.0 STF
Defines information about the document Defines the document title Defines meta information Defines a base URL for all the links in a page Deprecated. Defines a base font
3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 TF
Defines a script Defines a noscript section Deprecated. Defines an applet Defines an embedded object Defines a parameter for an object
3.0 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF 2.0 3.0 TF 3.0 STF 3.0 3.0 STF
HTML Standard Attributes
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HTML tags can have attributes. The special attributes for each tag are listed under each tag description. The attributes listed here are the core and language attributes that are standard for all tags (with a few exceptions).
Core Attributes
Not valid in base, head, html, meta, param, script, style, and title elements. Attribute class id style title Value class_rule or style_rule id_name style_definition tooltip_text Description The class of the element A unique id for the element An inline style definition A text to display in a tool tip
Language Attributes
Not valid in base, br, frame, frameset, hr, iframe, param, and script elements. Attribute dir lang Value ltr | rtl language_code Description Sets the text direction Sets the language code
Keyboard Attributes
Attribute accesskey tabindex Value character number Description Sets a keyboard shortcut to access an element Sets the tab order of an element
HTML Event Attributes
New to HTML 4.0 was the ability to let HTML events trigger actions in the browser, like starting a JavaScript when a user clicks on an HTML element. Below is a list of attributes that can be inserted into HTML tags to define event actions. If you want to learn more about programming with these events, you should study our JavaScript tutorial and our DHTML tutorial.
Window Events
Only valid in body and frameset elements Attribute onload Value script Description Script to be run when a document loads
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onunload
script
Script to be run when a document unloads
Form Element Events

Only valid in form elements. Attribute onchange onsubmit onreset onselect onblur onfocus Value script script script script script script Description Script to be run when the element changes Script to be run when the form is submitted Script to be run when the form is reset Script to be run when the element is selected Script to be run when the element loses focus Script to be run when the element gets focus
Keyboard Events
Not valid in base, bdo, br, frame, frameset, head, html, iframe, meta, param, script, style, and title elements. Attribute onkeydown onkeypress onkeyup Value script script script Description What to do when key is pressed What to do when key is pressed and released What to do when key is released
Mouse Events
Not valid in base, bdo, br, frame, frameset, head, html, iframe, meta, param, script, style, and title elements. Attribute onclick ondblclick onmousedown onmousemove onmouseover onmouseout onmouseup Value script script script script script script script Description What to do on a mouse click What to do on a mouse doubleclick What to do when mouse button is pressed What to do when mouse pointer moves What to do when mouse pointer moves over an element What to do when mouse pointer moves out of an element What to do when mouse button is released
HTML Color Names
HTML Colors
The table below provides a list of the color names that are supported by all major browsers.
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Note: If you want your pages to validate with an HTML or a CSS validator, W3C has listed 16 color names that you can use: aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow. If you want to use other colors, you must specify their RGB or HEX value. Click on a color name (or a hex value) to view the color as the background-color along with different text colors: Color Name AliceBlue AntiqueWhite Aqua Aquamarine Azure Beige Bisque Black BlanchedAlmond Blue BlueViolet Brown BurlyWood CadetBlue Chartreuse Chocolate Coral CornflowerBlue Cornsilk Crimson Cyan DarkBlue DarkCyan DarkGoldenRod DarkGray DarkGrey DarkGreen DarkKhaki DarkMagenta DarkOliveGreen Darkorange DarkOrchid DarkRed DarkSalmon DarkSeaGreen DarkSlateBlue DarkSlateGray DarkSlateGrey DarkTurquoise Color HEX #F0F8FF #FAEBD7 #00FFFF #7FFFD4 #F0FFFF #F5F5DC #FFE4C4 #000000 #FFEBCD #0000FF #8A2BE2 #A52A2A #DEB887 #5F9EA0 #7FFF00 #D2691E #FF7F50 #6495ED #FFF8DC #DC143C #00FFFF #00008B #008B8B #B8860B #A9A9A9 #A9A9A9 #006400 #BDB76B #8B008B #556B2F #FF8C00 #9932CC #8B0000 #E9967A #8FBC8F #483D8B #2F4F4F #2F4F4F #00CED1 Color
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DarkViolet DeepPink DeepSkyBlue DimGray DimGrey DodgerBlue FireBrick FloralWhite ForestGreen Fuchsia Gainsboro GhostWhite Gold GoldenRod Gray Grey Green GreenYellow HoneyDew HotPink IndianRed Indigo Ivory Khaki Lavender LavenderBlush LawnGreen LemonChiffon LightBlue LightCoral LightCyan LightGoldenRodYellow LightGray LightGrey LightGreen LightPink LightSalmon LightSeaGreen LightSkyBlue LightSlateGray LightSlateGrey LightSteelBlue LightYellow Lime LimeGreen Linen Magenta
#9400D3 #FF1493 #00BFFF #696969 #696969 #1E90FF #B22222 #FFFAF0 #228B22 #FF00FF #DCDCDC #F8F8FF #FFD700 #DAA520 #808080 #808080 #008000 #ADFF2F #F0FFF0 #FF69B4 #CD5C5C #4B0082 #FFFFF0 #F0E68C #E6E6FA #FFF0F5 #7CFC00 #FFFACD #ADD8E6 #F08080 #E0FFFF #FAFAD2 #D3D3D3 #D3D3D3 #90EE90 #FFB6C1 #FFA07A #20B2AA #87CEFA #778899 #778899 #B0C4DE #FFFFE0 #00FF00 #32CD32 #FAF0E6 #FF00FF
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Maroon MediumAquaMarine MediumBlue MediumOrchid MediumPurple MediumSeaGreen MediumSlateBlue MediumSpringGreen MediumTurquoise MediumVioletRed MidnightBlue MintCream MistyRose Moccasin NavajoWhite Navy OldLace Olive OliveDrab Orange OrangeRed Orchid PaleGoldenRod PaleGreen PaleTurquoise PaleVioletRed PapayaWhip PeachPuff Peru Pink Plum PowderBlue Purple Red RosyBrown RoyalBlue SaddleBrown Salmon SandyBrown SeaGreen SeaShell Sienna Silver SkyBlue SlateBlue SlateGray SlateGrey
#800000 #66CDAA #0000CD #BA55D3 #9370D8 #3CB371 #7B68EE #00FA9A #48D1CC #C71585 #191970 #F5FFFA #FFE4E1 #FFE4B5 #FFDEAD #000080 #FDF5E6 #808000 #6B8E23 #FFA500 #FF4500 #DA70D6 #EEE8AA #98FB98 #AFEEEE #D87093 #FFEFD5 #FFDAB9 #CD853F #FFC0CB #DDA0DD #B0E0E6 #800080 #FF0000 #BC8F8F #4169E1 #8B4513 #FA8072 #F4A460 #2E8B57 #FFF5EE #A0522D #C0C0C0 #87CEEB #6A5ACD #708090 #708090
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Snow SpringGreen SteelBlue Tan Teal Thistle Tomato Turquoise Violet Wheat White WhiteSmoke Yellow YellowGreen
#FFFAFA #00FF7F #4682B4 #D2B48C #008080 #D8BFD8 #FF6347 #40E0D0 #EE82EE #F5DEB3 #FFFFFF #F5F5F5 #FFFF00 #9ACD32
HTML 7-BIT ASCII Reference
HTML and XHTML uses standard 7-BIT ASCII when transmitting data over the Web. 7-BIT ASCII represents 128 different character values (0-127).
7-BIT Printable ASCII Characters

Number 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , . / 0 1 2 3 Character Description space exclamation mark quotation mark number sign dollar sign percent sign ampersand apostrophe left parenthesis right parenthesis asterisk plus sign comma hyphen period slash digit 0 digit 1 digit 2 digit 3
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52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b
digit 4 digit 5 digit 6 digit 7 digit 8 digit 9 colon semicolon less-than equals-to greater-than question mark at sign uppercase A uppercase B uppercase C uppercase D uppercase E uppercase F uppercase G uppercase H uppercase I uppercase J uppercase K uppercase L uppercase M uppercase N uppercase O uppercase P uppercase Q uppercase R uppercase S uppercase T uppercase U uppercase V uppercase W uppercase X uppercase Y uppercase Z left square bracket backslash right square bracket caret underscore grave accent lowercase a lowercase b
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99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126
c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~
lowercase c lowercase d lowercase e lowercase f lowercase g lowercase h lowercase i lowercase j lowercase k lowercase l lowercase m lowercase n lowercase o lowercase p lowercase q lowercase r lowercase s lowercase t lowercase u lowercase v lowercase w lowercase x lowercase y lowercase z left curly brace vertical bar right curly brace tilde
7-BIT ASCII Device Control Characters

ASCII device control characters were originally designed to control hardware devices like teletypes, printers and tape drives. These characters have nothing to do inside an HTML document: Number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Name NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL BS HT Description null character start of header start of text end of text end of transmission enquiry acknowledge bell (ring) backspace horizontal tab
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10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 127
LF VT FF CR SO SI DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETB CAN EM SUB ESC FS GS RS US DEL
line feed vertical tab form feed carriage return shift out shift in data link escape device control 1 device control 2 device control 3 device control 4 negative acknowledge synchronize end transmission block cancel end of medium substitute escape file separator group separator record separator unit separator delete (rubout)
HTML Latin-1 Character Entities Reference
HTML 4.01 supports the ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) character set. The lower part of ISO-8859-1 (codes from 0-127) is the original 7-BIT ASCII. The higher part of ISO-8859-1 (codes from 160-255) all have character entity names. Most of these characters can be used without an entity reference, but entity names or entity numbers provide a method for expressing characters that cannot easily be entered on a keyboard. Note: Entity names are case sensitive.
ASCII Entities with Entity Names

Result " ' & < Description quotation mark apostrophe ampersand less-than Entity Name " ' (does not work in IE) & < Entity Number " ' & <
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>
greater-than
>
>
ISO 8859-1 Symbol Entities

Result Description non-breaking space inverted exclamation mark cent pound currency yen broken vertical bar section spacing diaeresis copyright feminine ordinal indicator angle quotation mark (left) negation soft hyphen registered trademark spacing macron degree plus-or-minus superscript 2 superscript 3 spacing acute micro paragraph middle dot spacing cedilla superscript 1 masculine ordinal indicator angle quotation mark (right) fraction 1/4 fraction 1/2 fraction 3/4 inverted question mark multiplication division Entity Name ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ § ¨ © ª « ¬ ® ¯ ° ± ² ³ ´ µ ¶ · ¸ ¹ º » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿ × ÷ Entity Number ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ § ¨ © ª « ¬ ® ¯ ° ± ² ³ ´ µ ¶ · ¸ ¹ º » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿ × ÷
ISO 8859-1 Character Entities

Result Description capital a, grave accent capital a, acute accent capital a, circumflex accent capital a, tilde Entity Name À Á Â Ã Entity Number À Á Â Ã
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capital a, umlaut mark capital a, ring capital ae capital c, cedilla capital e, grave accent capital e, acute accent capital e, circumflex accent capital e, umlaut mark capital i, grave accent capital i, acute accent capital i, circumflex accent capital i, umlaut mark capital eth, Icelandic capital n, tilde capital o, grave accent capital o, acute accent capital o, circumflex accent capital o, tilde capital o, umlaut mark capital o, slash capital u, grave accent capital u, acute accent capital u, circumflex accent capital u, umlaut mark capital y, acute accent capital THORN, Icelandic small sharp s, German small a, grave accent small a, acute accent small a, circumflex accent small a, tilde small a, umlaut mark small a, ring small ae small c, cedilla small e, grave accent small e, acute accent small e, circumflex accent small e, umlaut mark small i, grave accent small i, acute accent small i, circumflex accent small i, umlaut mark small eth, Icelandic small n, tilde small o, grave accent small o, acute accent
Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Þ ß à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ð ñ ò ó
Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Þ ß à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ð ñ ò ó
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small o, circumflex accent small o, tilde small o, umlaut mark small o, slash small u, grave accent small u, acute accent small u, circumflex accent small u, umlaut mark small y, acute accent small thorn, Icelandic small y, umlaut mark
ô õ ö ø ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ
ô õ ö ø ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ
HTML 4.01 Symbol Entities Reference
This character entity reference includes mathematical symbols, Greek characters, various arrows, technical symbols and shapes. Note: Entity names are case sensitive.
Math Symbols Supported by HTML

Result Description for all part exists empty nabla isin notin ni prod sum minus lowast square root proportional to infinity angle and or cap cup integral therefore Entity Name ∀ ∂ &exists; ∅ ∇ ∈ ∉ &ni; ∏ ∑ − &lowast; √ &prop; ∞ &ang; &and; &or; ∩ ∪ ∫ &there4; Entity Number ∀ ∂ ∃ ∅ ∇ ∈ ∉ ∋ ∏ ∑ − ∗ √ ∝ ∞ ∠ ∧ ∨ ∩ ∪ ∫ ∴
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simular to approximately equal almost equal not equal equivalent less or equal greater or equal subset of superset of not subset of subset or equal superset or equal circled plus cirled times perpendicular dot operator
&sim; &cong; ≈ ≠ &equiv; ≤ ≥ ⊂ ⊃ &nsub; &sube; &supe; &oplus; &otimes; &perp; ⋅
∼ ≅ ≈ ≠ ≡ ≤ ≥ ⊂ ⊃ ⊄ ⊆ ⊇ ⊕ ⊗ ⊥ ⋅
Greek Letters Supported by HTML

Result Description Aplha Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon Zeta Eta Theta Iota Kappa Lambda Mu Nu Xi Omicron Pi Rho Sigmaf Sigma Tau Upsilon Phi Chi Psi Omega aplha Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω &aplha; Entity Name &Aplha; Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Entity Number Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ undefined Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω α
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beta gamma delta epsilon zeta eta theta iota kappa lambda mu nu xi omicron pi rho sigmaf sigma tau upsilon phi chi psi omega theta symbol upsilon symbol pi symbol
β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ &sigmaf; σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω &thetasym; &upsih; ϖ
β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ Λ μ Ν ξ ο π ρ ς σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω ϑ ϒ ϖ
Some Other Entities Supported by HTML

Result Description capital ligature OE small ligature oe capital S with caron small S with caron capital Y with diaeres f with hook modifier letter circumflex accent small tilde en space em space thin space zero width non-joiner zero width joiner left-to-right mark right-to-left mark Entity Name &OElig; &oelig; &Scaron; &scaron; &Yuml; &fnof; &circ; &tilde; &ensp; &emsp; &zwnj; &zwj; &lrm; &rlm; Entity Number Œ œ Š š Ÿ ƒ ˆ ˜ ‌ ‍ ‎ ‏
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en dash em dash left single quotation mark right single quotation mark single low-9 quotation mark left double quotation mark right double quotation mark double low-9 quotation mark dagger double dagger bullet horizontal ellipsis per mille minutes seconds single left angle quotation single right angle quotation overline euro trademark left arrow up arrow right arrow down arrow left right arrow carriage return arrow left ceiling right ceiling left floor right floor lozenge spade club heart diamond
– — ‘ ’ &sbquo; “ ” &bdquo; &dagger; &Dagger; • … &permil; ′ ″ &lsaquo; &rsaquo; &oline; € ™ ← ↑ → ↓ ↔ &crarr; &lceil; &rceil; &lfloor; &rfloor; &loz; &spades; &clubs; &hearts; &diams;
– — ‘ ’ ‚ “ ” „ † ‡ • … ‰ ′ ″ ‹ › ‾ € ™ ← ↑ → ↓ ↔ ↵ ⌈ ⌉ ⌊ ⌋ ◊ ♠ ♣ ♥ ♦
HTML URL-encoding Reference
Below is a reference of ASCII characters in URL-encoding form (hexadecimal format). Hexadecimal values can be used to display non-standard letters and characters in browsers and plug-ins.
Try It
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Type some text or an ASCII value in the input field below, and click on the "URL Encode" button to see the URL-encoding.
URL Encode
URL-encoding from %00 to %8f

ASCII Value URL-encode %00 %01 %02 %03 %04 %05 %06 %07 backspace tab linefeed %08 %09 %0a %0b %0c c return %0d %0e %0f %10 %11 %12 %13 %14 %15 %16 %17 %18 %19 %1a %1b %1c %1d %1e ASCII Value 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N URL-encode %30 %31 %32 %33 %34 %35 %36 %37 %38 %39 %3a %3b %3c %3d %3e %3f %40 %41 %42 %43 %44 %45 %46 %47 %48 %49 %4a %4b %4c %4d %4e ASCII Value ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~ URL-encode %60 %61 %62 %63 %64 %65 %66 %67 %68 %69 %6a %6b %6c %6d %6e %6f %70 %71 %72 %73 %74 %75 %76 %77 %78 %79 %7a %7b %7c %7d %7e
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%1f space ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , . / %20 %21 %22 %23 %24 %25 %26 %27 %28 %29 %2a %2b %2c %2d %2e %2f
O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _
%4f %50 %51 %52 %53 %54 %55 %56 %57 %58 %59 %5a %5b %5c %5d %5e %5f
%7f %80 %81 %82 %83 %84 %85 %86 %87 %88 %89 %8a %8b %8c %8d %8e %8f
URL-encoding from %90 to %ff

ASCII Value | URL-encode %90 %91 %92 %93 %94 %95 %96 %97 %98 %99 %9a %9b %9c %9d %9e %9f %a0 %a1 %a2 %a3 %a4 %a5 %a6 %a7 %a8 %a9 %aa ASCII Value URL-encode %c0 %c1 %c2 %c3 %c4 %c5 %c6 %c7 %c8 %c9 %ca %cb %cc %cd %ce %cf %d0 %d1 %d2 %d3 %d4 %d5 %d6 %d7 %d8 %d9 %da ASCII Value URL-encode %f0 %f1 %f2 %f3 %f4 %f5 %f6 %f7 %f8 %f9 %fa %fb %fc %fd %fe %ff
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%ab %ac %ad %ae %af %b0 %b1 %b2 %b3 %b4 %b5 %b6 %b7 %b8 %b9 %ba %bb %bc %bd %be %bf
%db %dc %dd %de %df %e0 %e1 %e2 %e3 %e4 %e5 %e6 %e7 %e8 %e9 %ea %eb %ec %ed %ee %ef
HTTP Status Messages
When a browser requests a service from a web server, an error might occur. This is a list of HTTP status messages that might be returned:
1xx: Information Message: 100 Continue Description: Only a part of the request has been received by the server, but as long as it has not been rejected, the client should continue with the request The server switches protocol
101 Switching Protocols 2xx: Successful Message: 200 OK 201 Created 202 Accepted 203 Non-authoritative Information
Description: The request is OK The request is complete, and a new resource is created The request is accepted for processing, but the processing is not complete
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204 No Content 205 Reset Content 206 Partial Content 3xx: Redirection Message: 300 Multiple Choices 301 Moved Permanently 302 Found 303 See Other 304 Not Modified 305 Use Proxy 306 Unused 307 Temporary Redirect 4xx: Client Error Message: 400 Bad Request 401 Unauthorized 402 Payment Required 403 Forbidden 404 Not Found 405 Method Not Allowed 406 Not Acceptable 407 Proxy Authentication Required 408 Request Timeout 409 Conflict 410 Gone 411 Length Required 412 Precondition Failed 413 Request Entity Too Large 414 Request-url Too Long Description: The server did not understand the request The requested page needs a username and a password You can not use this code yet Access is forbidden to the requested page The server can not find the requested page The method specified in the request is not allowed The server can only generate a response that is not accepted by the client You must authenticate with a proxy server before this request can be served The request took longer than the server was prepared to wait The request could not be completed because of a conflict The requested page is no longer available The "Content-Length" is not defined. The server will not accept the request without it The precondition given in the request evaluated to false by the server The server will not accept the request, because the request entity is too large The server will not accept the request, because the url is too long. Occurs when you convert a "post" request to a "get" request with a long query information The server will not accept the request, because the media type is not supported This code was used in a previous version. It is no longer used, but the code is reserved The requested page has moved temporarily to a new url Description: A link list. The user can select a link and go to that location. Maximum five addresses The requested page has moved to a new url The requested page has moved temporarily to a new url The requested page can be found under a different url
415 Unsupported Media Type 416 417 Expectation Failed 5xx: Server Error
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Message: 500 Internal Server Error 501 Not Implemented 502 Bad Gateway 503 Service Unavailable 504 Gateway Timeout 505 HTTP Version Not Supported
Description: The request was not completed. The server met an unexpected condition The request was not completed. The server did not support the functionality required The request was not completed. The server received an invalid response from the upstream server The request was not completed. The server is temporarily overloading or down The gateway has timed out The server does not support the "http protocol" version
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HTML Quiz Test

HTML Exam - Get Your Diploma!

What is an HTML File?

Do You Want to Try It?

HTM or HTML Extension?

Note on HTML Editors:

Frequently Asked Questions

<b>This text is bold</b>

<body> This is my first homepage. <b>This text is bold</b> </body>

Why do We Use Lowercase Tags?

Always Quote Attribute Values

Basic HTML Tags

Try it Yourself - Examples

<h1>This <h2>This <h3>This <h4>This <h5>This

heading</h1> heading</h2> heading</h3> heading</h4> heading</h5>

<p>This is a paragraph</p> <p>This is another paragraph</p>

<p>This <br> is a para<br>graph with line breaks</p>

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Basic HTML Tags

HTML Text Formatting

How to View HTML Source

Text Formatting Tags

"Computer Output" Tags

Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags

HTML Character Entities

The Most Common Character Entities:

Some Other Commonly Used Character Entities:

HTML uses a hyperlink to link to another document on the Web.

(You can find more examples at the bottom of this page)

The Anchor Tag and the Href Attribute

<a href="url">Text to be displayed</a>

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/">Visit W3Schools!</a>

The Target Attribute

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/" target="_blank">Visit W3Schools!</a>

The Anchor Tag and the Name Attribute

<a name="label">Text to be displayed</a>

<a name="tips">Useful Tips Section</a>

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com/html_links.asp#tips"> Jump to the Useful Tips Section</a>

<a href="#tips">Jump to the Useful Tips Section</a>

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

The Frameset Tag

The Frame Tag

<frameset cols="25%,75%"> <frame src="frame_a.htm"> <frame src="frame_b.htm"> </frameset>

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

With HTML you can create tables.

Tables and the Border Attribute

row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2 row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

Empty Cells in a Table

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

HTML supports ordered, unordered and definition lists.

<ul> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Milk</li> </ul>

<ol> <li>Coffee</li> <li>Milk</li> </ol>

Black hot drink White cold drink

HTML Forms and Input

HTML Forms are used to select different kinds of user input.

<form> <input> <input> </form>

<form> <input type="radio" name="sex" value="male"> Male

<br> <input type="radio" name="sex" value="female"> Female </form>

Male Female Note that only one option can be chosen.

I have a bike: I have a car: I have an airplane: