CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERNSHIP TRAINING

INTRODUCTION
In an organization study each and every department in an organization is observed and analyzed in detail. The study gives equal importance to every organ of an organization and projects their importance towards the organization in achieving its objectives. The study also gives an opportunity to interact with the people working in the organization. An organization study will help in having a better idea about the functions of each department in detail and the duties and responsibilities of each and every personnel in a particular department. It will also provide better picture about the organization structure and the hierarchy of various positions in the organization. The study also gives a better understanding about the history of the company and its different phases of development since its inception. It also helps in identifying and studying the various policies, procedures and programs adopted by the company. The study identifies the industry to which the organization belongs and its importance in the world, country and state. The study also throws light into the future plans of the company. It also helps in identifying and studying the various policies, procedures and programs adopted by the company. The organization study conducted as part of the curriculum so as to make the student familiar with the working of the organization. The project was intended to be an area for experiential and an opportunity for gaining knowledge about the dynamics of the organization. The study aims at providing a practical experience about the various management theories and its application in an organizations functions. During the study it was experienced that the theoretical aspects of management and its practical applications are entirely different.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

To study the problems of an industrial unit and large scale industries in general To explore the functioning of the Coimbastore Co-operative Spinning Mill. To find out the operational efficiency of the industry. To learn the production process of an individual process of an industrial unit, and also about its scale in the market To study the labour intensiveness in the light of large scale industries To study about the effectiveness of recovery machinery

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:

Period of the study is just three weeks so detail study of the organization could not be made The head office of the mill at Bangalore does all major activities like purchasing, marketing etc So it is very difficult to collect some data related with study. In a given short time it is very difficult to cover all the areas and aspects of the firm.

CHAPTER I1

INDUSTRY PROFILE

INDUSTRY PROFILE
The concern industry refers to that part of business activity which concern itself with raising production, processing or fabrication of products ordinarily the term industry is used to refer to manufacturing industries. Mainly, the manufacturing industries are engaged in the conversation or transformation pf raw materials or semi-finished into finished products. The cotton textile industry is an example of manufacturing industry. Industry refers to the collection pf firm which either same raw material or manufactures the same product, even if they used different raw materials such as textile mills. For instance, the cotton textile industry previously consisted of three main sections namely spinning, weaving, and finishing but these three sections have now got integrated into cotton textile industry. Industries are also classified as large scale and small scale industry according to the capital employed, number of workers employed, materials and tools employed, materials and tools used and volume or value of output produced over certain periods. The Coimbatore co-operative spinning mill is large scale industry. Large scale industry is defined as an industry involving capital outlay of more them Rs. 10 Lakhs in Plant and Machinery.

Pattern of large scale industries

Economies of the large firm with a single plant and single line pf product. These economies would include greater specialization and division of labor more use of specialized machinery and lesser per unit cost of administration. For instance, such a firm can afford to devote all its resources on the production of only one line product, viz., textile goods in one plant. It can employee sophisticated and specialized machinery and expert to solve minute problems related with various aspects of production of textile goods. Thus it can reap the advantages of specialization and division of labour. Where as, if it has more line of products and more plants, the employment of experts and specialize machinery for every line of product and every plant would be too costly. Also, such a firm pays lesser per

6 unit office and administrative expenses including rent of plant, salary of staffs etc as it uses lesser space and staff for office and administrative purposes.

Textile industry:
The Indian textile industry is one of the most oldest industries in the country. The Textile Industry Plays a critical role in the Indian economy. Spinning is the main pillars of the Textile sector. The Textile industry has a very important role to play in the industrial field, with regard to employment potential, overall economic and commercial activities. Indias Textile Industry is one of the lowest cost producers of cotton in the world. Textile industry is one of the largest six industries in the country with annual growth rate of15%. It provides direct employment to about 35 million persons including substantial segment of disadvantaged sections of the society and women.

Strength of the Indian Textile Sector:

Second largest producer of raw cotton. Second largest producer of cotton yarn

To succeed in the big domestic environment, Indian textile will have to do the following 1. Set up large sized production units and achieves the economies of scale. 2. Adopt latest technologies to improve quality, consistency and reduce cost 3. Increase productivity and enhance cost effectiveness 4. Cut lead times and meet tight delivery schedules 5. Focus on value addition and product differentiation 6. Invest in product development and product innovation 7. Create flexible manufacturing capabilities 8. Invest in training of human resources and up gradation of worker skills

Market share
The main market of the product is at Mumbai, Maharashtra State. The mill also distributes its product to NHDC Coimbatore and local market. Product range of the mill varies according to customers requirements. Presently the mill is mainly producing 60s cone, 65s cone, 40s cone. Earlier the mill was producing 20s cone also

Market performance `
The Indian textile industry is one of the oldest industries in the country. The Textile

Industry Plays a critical role in the Indian economy. Spinning is the main pillars of the Textile sector. The Textile industry has a very important role to play in the industrial field, with regard to employment potential, overall economic and commercial activities. Textile industry is one of the largest six industries in the country with annual growth rate of15%. It provides direct employment to about 35 million persons including substantial segment of disadvantaged sections of the society and women

Estimation of Earnings
The Coimbatore co-operative spinning mill is large scale industry. Large scale industry is defined as an industry involving capital outlay of more them Rs. 10 Lakhs in Plant and Machinery. As govt. institution and a long time experience in the industry, the company still not disappoint by its performance.

Scope of the Industry

1. Set up large sized production units and achieves the economies of scale. 2. Adopt latest technologies to improve quality, consistency and reduce cost 3. Increase productivity and enhance cost effectiveness

8 4. Cut lead times and meet tight delivery schedules 5. Focus on value addition and product differentiation 6. Invest in product development and product innovation 7. Create flexible manufacturing capabilities 8. Invest in training of human resources and up gradation of worker skills .

CHAPTER III

COMPANY PROFILE

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COMPANY PROFILE
The Coimbatore Co-operative Spinning Mills ltd is started during the year 1964 with a capacity of 12000 spindles; the main market of this mill is Mumbai. At present the capacity of mill is 20192. The mills is only one co-operative mill in Coimbatore district. Most of the machines used is about 20-30 year of old. This company registered under Madras Co-operative societies Act 1932. This mill is a co-operative organization. This is the first mill set up in the co-operative sector in the state.

FEATURES OF CO-OPERATIVE ORGANISATION:

It is a voluntary organization and open membership. Democratic control owned and managed by Board Directors which is selected by members Proxy is allowed in co-operative society Principal is one man one vote The main slogan of co-operative is Each for all and all for each Co-operative must be registered with the registrar of co-operative societies under the Co-operative Societies Act.

VISION
To expand the business all over the India To have the best of professional work force in company with positive attitude and behavioral outlook and service before self as their motto. As a Govt. Institution, it is very important and it will have the impact according to what the Govt. make decision on that. However the Company desires to expand its as much as possible.

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MISSION
To achieve leadership in textile industry in India. To increase the production of value added products . Improve sales by quality control and product diversification

MARKET SHARE IN THE INDUSTRY

The main market of the product in the mill is at Mumbai, Maharashtra State. The mill also distributes its product to NHDC Coimbatore and local market.

Policy statement of the company

Designing and producing products that meet the market demand. In addition to that it also ensure total customer satisfaction. If these goals are achieved it will become a profitable sustainable company. The company will achieve their objectives through excellence in the area of a) Customer satisfaction. b) Quality. c) Cost reduction

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Basic facts about mill

Name Year of establishment Societies registered number Industrial License Main production Main market Raw material Brand name Type of lay out Managing director Chairman General Manger Spinning master Assistant master Supervisor Capacity No: of employees 454 Coimbatore co-operative spinning mil 1964(1-5-1964) F.1278 66(74) Dated 17-12-1974 Cotton yard Bee Wandy(Mumbai) Cotton ENTYCE Process layout T. Sukumaran Nair V. Narayanan Bharathan Chandra shekaran K.M.Jayarajan Jayadeven, Nijesh, Haresh, 30240 spindles

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MANAGEMENT
This mill is managed by board of directors. The companys major policies and decision s are taken by board of directors. The board of directors is elected by the share holders. The ultimate owner of company is shareholders. Thus the right to control may be he power defined as the power of share holder r to appoint the director. If the director fails in protecting the interest of the shareholder they may be replaced. The general manger is the chief executive officer. The management setup in the mill is given in the organizational chart. The duty management should be to reduce the excess expenditure. In some cases the company may have to go through complete organization. The company also adopts modernization programs for survival of the mills as competitive units Managing director Chairman General Manger Spinning master Assistant master Supervisor T. Sukumaran V. Narayanan Bharathan Chandra shekaran K.M.Jayarajan,Jayadevan,Nijesh,Haresh

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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

GM

Deputy Spinning Manager

Deputy Manager (Accounts)

Manager (Personnel)

Technical Asst. (Electrical)

Asst Spinning Mnanager

Accounts Staff

Time office Supervisory Staff Quality Control

Personnel Manager

Security Inspector Workers

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DEPARTMENTS
The main departments working in this mill is: Production department Personnel/ administrative department Marketing department Purchase department Sales department Store department These are the main departments working in this but there is other departments working which we do give prior importance but without these departments the other departments would be ineffective and they have important role in the spinning mill. This other departments are SQC department Workshop Waste department Security section Electrical department Canteen

COIMBATORE CO-OPERATIVE SPINNING MILLS LTD MARKET

The main market of the product in the mill is at Mumbai, Maharashtra State. The mill also distributes its product to NHDC Coimbatore and local market

CAPACITY

17 The licensed installed as well as commissioned capacity of the mill is 20192 spindles. 47 spinning machines are there in this company. When the company was started there were 72 machines but now it has reduced to 47.

PRODUCT RANGE
Product range of the mill varies according to customers requirements. Presently the mill has been mainly producing 60s cone, 65s cone, 40s cone. Earlier the mill was producing 20s cone also.

PRODUCT PROFILE:
Raw material: Cotton, Polyester, Staple fiber Product : yarn, Cotton, Polyester

Plant Location
The Coimbatore co-operative spinning Mill is located in chovva. Chovva is a place in kannur district. Chovva mainly consist two areas Thazhe chovaa and Melechovva. This mill is located at melechovva. Coimbatore spinning mill is a large scale industry functioning in this area. This mill is approx 7 km from Coimbatore town.

Plant layout
The plant layout of this industry is process layout. Here the department are not grouped together. Every department is working separately in different sections. But as they working differently also they are interconnected that is without purchasing department production cannot be done and without production department sales department cannot do anything.

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CHAPTER IV

LEARINGS AND FINDINGS FROM THE COMPANY

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PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

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PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
Production department management refers to the application of management principles to the production function. In other words production management involves application of planning, organization, directing and controlling to the production process. Production management covers activities such as procuring and installing machinery, purchasing and storing materials and converting to saleable products added to the above are other related areas such as quality management, maintenance management, production planning and control and work simplification. The various activities involved in production planning are designing product, determining the equipment and capacity requirement , designing the layout of the physical facilities, determining the sequences of operations. The activities of production control is to provide optimum utilization of resources, co-ordinate and monitor production activities. Production is the functional area responsible for turning inputs into finished out puts through a series of production processes. The production depart will set standards and targets for each sections of the production process. The quantity and quality of products coming off a production line will be closely monitored by all employees very stage of production. The control of production is one of the important problems of production management. The plant is organized and operated primary object of producing goods. Manufacturing firm acquires raw materials like cotton and perform the production function by transforming them into finished products like textiles

21 FLOW CHART OF PRODUCTION PROCESS

MIXING

BLOW ROOM

CARDING

DRAWING

SIMPLEX

SPINNING

CONE WINDING

PACKING

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Mixing
This is first stage in production process. The raw material cotton is brought from different stations and they are taken in this department of different varieties mainly of 40s and 60s cotton.3000 kilo cotton is brought in one day. In this mill mixing is done by hand

Function Of Mixing
Uniform mix different types of cotton Open cotton Conditioning Firstly, the cotton is brought in the lorry. 1 lorry is two tons of cotton. When this cotton brought the people open the cotton which is brought in pressed form and then the cotton is mixed in this department and conditions it. It is conditioned according to room temperature and atmosphere conditions and these materials are stocked in this department.

Blowroom
From here mixing process takes place Here the raw materials is cotton. Different varieties of cotton are seen in the blow room. Mainly there are two varieties of cotton are seen in the blow room. -40s and60s. the difference is that 60s cotton is of good quality than 40s quality index used formula is: FQI=LSM F (where FQI= fiber quality index, LSM length strength & maturity, F- fitness) LSm should be more and fitness should be less) (here

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Fibre Length
Length Fiber length is defined as the average length of the longer on-half of the fibers(upper half mean length). Fiber length is basically an inherited/ genetically character of the seed variety. However weather, nutrient deficiencies, as well as cleaning and or dying at the gin may also affect the fiber length. By effecting yarn strength and evenness, and efficiency of the spinning process, the length of the fiber has a great influence on quality and price. Two machines are mainly used in blow room. They are generally known as scuther. Scutcher means continues group of machinery. The sequence of machine is installed in this department to blend open and clean raw materials. In this department raw material is conditioned that is kept covered. In this department 60s cotton and 40s cotton is kept separate and then it is conditioned. The conditioned is done for one day. Then the cotton is fed into the machine. The machine name is called TRUTZ SCHLER( MADE BY TRUMAC INDIA). Here the cotton passes though air pressure and waste falls down and cotton passes. The main purpose of this department is maximum of waste removal. The 60s waste is called pnrumafil waste and 40s waste is called bondas waste

Functions Of Blowroom: Opening Cleaning Blending/ mixing Waste removal Uniform feed to the caring machine Recycling the waste Micro dust removal

24 Blow room installation consist of a sequence of different machines to carry out operations.

Technologucal Point Of Blowroom

Every blow room machine can shatter particles, as far as possible a lot of impurities should be eliminated at the start of the process. Opening should be followed immediately by cleaning, if possible the same machine. Cleaning is made more difficult if the impurities of dirty cotton are distributed through a larger quantity of material by mixing with clean cotton. The cleaning efficiency is strongly dependent on thrash percentage. It is also affected by the size of the particle and sickness of cotton. Therefore cleaning efficiency can be different for different cottons with same trash percentage.

Carding
In this department impurities or waste is removed and fiber must be straightened. This straightening is done by arranging the fibers in parallel fashion which is called carding.

Functions Of Carding
Waste Removal Paralisation Make It Into Silver Form Carding separate fiber from each other, straightens fiber, condenses them into a single continuous stand, and removes impurities. Carding is the process of straightening and paralleling of fibers. In this department they get 5% thrash. Mainly the object of this department is to clean the raw materials and the short fibers are removed in these machines. It is also called heart of the spinning process

25 There are two type of machine. Old machine and new form of machine. Old forms of machine make cotton into lap for that is sheet form New form of machine s called chute line or chute feeding system. Here the cotton is made in to rope form. The new of machine is computerized system The sheet form of cotton is called at it will be of16 kilo weight and 40 meter system. The rope form of cotton is called silver. In this waste will not be there uniformity will increase.

PRODUCT RANGE 40s 1. production required in the carding system 2. number of allotted for each count 3. hank of silver delivered 4. licker the speed, cylinder speed,doffer speed RPM 5. efficiency 6. production in kg/ 8 hours/ cash 7. total production/ shift in kgs 8. % of salable waste 9. % of white waste 1098 95 293 586 5.8 .25 47868 95 293 586 5.2 2 1365 2 .14 62s/65s 1563 2 .14

Drawing
From carding the raw materials are brought and stored it in drawing department in different cans. The silver is stored in the can. Mainly 8 cans will be kept in this department. The silver is passed through a machine. The machine has 2 roller. Rubber cotton roller Steel cotton roller

26 Here pressure is put from 2 rollers and the output received is called silver ( the output of carding and drawing is called silver). The object of drawing is doubling and paralisation of fibres. Paralisation makes silver parallel and it helps in proper drafting while doubling improves the quality. (doubling is not done now in this mill

A FUNCTION OF DRAWING IS: Drafting Thorough blending Make uniformity As a result of drawing the silver is condensed into a thinner strand and becomes more uniform. In drawing silver is made into thinner strand and winds it on a bobbin Product range 40s 1. production/ shift of 8 hours in kgs required number allotted 2. number of silver fed in breaker / finisher 3. hank delivered in breaker/ finisher 4. delivery speed in meters in breaker 5. efficiency finisher 6. draft in breaker 7. average production/ shift in kgs( finisher) .72 8 .16 225 85 7.5/7.5 668 .76 8 .16 22400 85-90 7.5/7.5 643 1358 62/65s 1555

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Simplex
The next department is simplex. From this department the size of the silver will get reduced. In this department 60s machine and 40s machine is used. In this department silver passes through the codes and forms into thin threads known as roving products. The output of this machine is called roving or bobbin

A Functions Of Simplex Is
drafting twisting make it roving Twisting means many yarns are piled together it increase the dia meter and tensile strength. In principle strands are twisted together in the opposite direction to the spinning twist. The machine prepares the drawing silver for spinning the yarn to suitable count. Silver from the drawing machine is drafted in this machines and small twist is given to blind the material together Product range 40s 1. production/ shift of 8 hours in kgs required number allotted 2. spindles speed 3. % of whit waste in simplex 4. hank of roving delivered 5. average production in HKS/ 8 hrs 6. total production in kgs/ 8 hrs 7. average weight of full dobbin 8. end breakage/ 100 spindle/ hrs 861 1.0 1.8 1428 528 900 gm 920 1.0 2.25 3496 662 900gm 1351 62s/ 65s 1547

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Spinning
The last step is spinning. This department is called ring frame. In this department, the roving product is drafted as per the count. The drafted material is twisted to form the yarn. In spinning frame reduces roving t required size of single yarn. Spinning is the process of making yarn from fibers.

A Fnction Of Spinning Is: Drafting Twisting Make it in yarn In spinning department 3 models of machine are used such as Textool 5hs Testool Dj50 Lmw Company-Gs/1 In one machine 400 spindles are used. These machines will cost Rupees 7 lakh. The running power of machine is 15000RP. In this, TEXTOOL DJ50 uses 400 spindles; LMW COMPANY-GS/1 uses 864 spindles so the cost of this machine is more than33 lakh. When this machine work for 6 hours we get output of 23 to 24 kilo thread.

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Drafting
Drafting is thinning down the material and this is getting affected by a set of rollers running a graduate speed in drawing, simplex and spinning machinery. Product range 40s 1. Average count 2. number of spindle in each machine 3. spindle point production/ 8 hrs in each count 4. number of sides allotted for each count 5. spindle speed 6. end breakage/100 spindle/ hrs 7. pneumafil waste(percentage) 8. traveler used(make, type, number) 9. make and type spindle used 10. make and type of top arm and top roller 11. percentage of idle spindle 50.6 400 72.8grms 5 12135 15 3 5/OBRT kunal K 225 .08 60s 50.6 864 34.5grms 6 11140 11 3 13/OBRT kunal PK 225 .08

Cone winding
In the winding process, the yarn span on the sing frame is wound on paper cones. With the help of slab catchers provided on the winding machines all the spinning are removed. Therefore are 3 cones winding with 120 drums each

THE FUNCTION OS CONE WINDING: remove thick and thin place make it in a cone form

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Cone packing:For packing & easy transportation materials to market the the final yarn is wound on paper cones in cone form in the cone forms from the unwinding becomes easier. At present the weight of the individual cone is maintained at 1.250 kg . in packing section the cone are packed in polythene and woven. Sacks 40 cones are packed in a single bag making it a 50 kg cone bag 1 cone weight = 1.25 kg 40 cone 1 bag = 1 bag = 50 kilo

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SALES DEPARTMENT

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SALES DEPARTMENT
Selling is important for increasing the profit. Selling refers to the functions and activities undertaken to secure the sale or destruction of product manufacture by the firm. It involves efforts to sell what has been produced. Selling is basically production oriented. Main output produced by the mill is cotton yarn. Mainly two types of cotton yarn produced in this mill such as hank yarn and cone yarn

Hank yarn:Hank yarn is produced mainly to be sold to weavers co-operative societies and private weavers. The main object of this mill is to provide good quality of yarn with minimum cost. Hank yarn is produces in different verities or counts

Varieties of hank yarn: 20s, 40s, 60s, 2/17s, 2/40s, 2/20s Cone yarn:It is producing for supplying to power looms 80% of the yarn produced as corn. All most all cone yarn are out side the state by way of tenders and by way of depot in Bombay mill depot working in Mumbai in 2 places bhiwandi % malagaon. These 2 depots sold all yarns transferred from mill to Mumbai. The mill providing 1.5% commissions for running the depot.

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Transportation:
The chief function of physical distribution is to take goods from the places where they are consumed. Transportation has always led to increases in scale of production and specialization of an industry. Quick means of transport have made possible their transportation in transits. The mill used to transfer finished product from mill premises to parties by way of road. The company has vehicle. Mill used to select transport companies by way of invite quotation from transport companies who placed lowest quotation which confirmed by the mill. Now amar transport co. transport all yarn to our deported at Mumbai

Sale of waste cotton:

Mill sold waste cotton byway of tenders given in public. It takes place two times in a year. Almost all waste cottons taken by mill are from outside state. Mostly waste cottons are taken by Tamilnadu, which people quote higher rate will conform the part.

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PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT

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PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT
Human factor is critical in the success of an enterprise. The human side of enterprises is its dynamic part. This department is responsible for hiring, training and placing of employees for setting policies for personnel management. Human resource department involve in employee recruitment, salary plan administration, contract negotiation and administration, labor and employee relations, the maintenance of personnel records. The mission of the personnel department is to provide a full range human resources management services for department and employees. The personnel department calculates prints and delivers pay checks and administers direct deposit. This department also tries to increase overall employee effectiveness by providing different facilities. This department handles programmers like recruitment, screening hiring staff. In this organization, the personnel function is placed under factory manager The following are the functions allocated to the personnel department: industrial relations Recruitment and training Employees service like canteen, bonus, job security, good working condition. Maintain relation with trade union. The main duties of personnel department are as follows: Keeping the personnel files of the employees. Keeping books which contains detail like job performance, transfer, punishment etc.. Employees provident fund recovery and remittance on time Preparation of the salary bills. Preparation of the salary bills of the employees on daily wages appointed on contract Leaves account updating

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Leave and holiday

A worker may grant casual leave of absence without wages for 10 days in aggregate in a calendar year. National festival holidays will be allowed to the workmen. Leave for sickness, maternity, and accident will be allowed to the workmen as provided for in the employee state insurance act.

Man power status

At present there are 387 workers, 27 staff. There are only 4 female workers which is permanent. In this mill there are 33 trainees, 10 mill cashiers, 17 gate badalies, 16 contract and paid apprentice. The gate badalies are not permanent. They have no power in the mill. The wages given to trainees is 12500, mill cashiers are Rs. 9000 and gate badalies it is rs5000. in this mill the wage of permanent workers is rs250 per day. The wages include dearness allowances; house rent allowances etc. permanent workers will get increment in every year. Wage per day = basic wage + dearness allowance 26

Trade union in this mill

Trade union is an organization of workers formed to promote, project and improve, through collective action, the social, economic and political interest of members. Trade unions are emerged as an essential feature in an industry in every country. The main reason for their emergence is the factory system and capitalistic society. The worker felt exploited at the hands of the employers. Trade union is an organized expression of the needs, attitudes and expectation of the workers.

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THE FUNCTION PERFORMED BY TRADE UNIONS ARE: INTRAMURAL FUNCTION:

The trade union may resort to strike and other pressure tactic to get their demand implemented. Intramural function include wage rise, proper working condition and job security

EXTRAMULAR FUNCTIONS:
Trade unions also undertake functions which are required for the welfare of the members. These functions include provisions of educational, restroom facility, canteen facility etc.

POLITICAL FUNCTIONS:
Trade unions encage in political activities in order to help in improving the economics conditions of workers through legislative and administrative measures.

In this mill trade unions are: AICTU:

All India centre for trade unions was a trade union centre in kerala, India. It was the labour wing of the communist Marxist party. All Indian centre for trade unions (AICTU) with the independent hind mazdoor sabha(HMS).

INTUC:
Indian national trade union congress (INTUC) is the trade union wing of the national congress. It was founded may 3, 1947.

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CITU:
CITU is another trade union in this industry which is under a communist party. It was founded in 1970.

TRAINING
Training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skill of employees. Every organization needs the service of trained person for performing activities in a systematic way. After the selection of a person, the next task of management is to give proper training to the employee. The training is an important factor in the industry. Training is required: To increase the productivity. When there is change in technology. To eliminate wastages. To reduce supervision. In Coimbatore Spinning Mill, the training is adopted is on the job training. Under this method, the workers are put on a machine or a specific job in the factory. He is instructed by experienced trainer or spinning master. In the Mill the trainee is given temporary vacancy and he gets Rupees 50 each month. The training is given for 6 months and if the employees fit for the work he is made permanent.

RECRUITMENT
Recruitment is the process of hiring the right kinds of candidates on the right job. It is the process of searching for prospective employees and stimulating them to apply for

39 jobs in the organization. It means discovering the source of personnel. Its aims are to attract a large number of applications from the job seekers. The different source of recruitment used this mill is: Transfer. Promotion. Advertisement. Employment exchange.

TRANSFER
Transfer means shifting of an employee from one job to another, one department to another or from one shift to another. Transfer does not involve any drastic change in the responsibility, pay and status of an employee. Mainly in this mill: Production transfers are done that is transfer from one department where the labour requirements are generally reduced to departments where labour needs are increasing or vacancies have occurred trough separations. Thus production transfers are done about in the same occupational level. In the mill transfer takes place from one department to another department like Blow room, Carding, Drawing, Simplex etc. Replacement transfer is used to replace a new employee with an employee who has been in the organization for along time. Shift transfer is a common type of transfer of an employee from one shift to another shift on the same type of work. Transfer also takes place from one shift to another shift like 1 st shift, 2nd shift, 3rd shift. Remedial transfer are made to remedy the situation that is initial placement has been faulty, or the worker cannot get along with the supervisor, a transfer to appropriate job or more agreeable supervisor is made it might result in better performance. Versatility transfers are to increase the versatility of the employees by shifting him from one job to another. It can help him in future promotion.

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PROMOTION
Promotion refers to the advancement of an employee to better and higher job. It leads to shifting an employee to a higher position carrying higher status, pay and responsibility. Promotion would encourage the employees, providing them with motivation. In this mill, promotion is given on the basis of seniority. Seniority is based on the employees length of service and counted from the date of his joining the organization.

Promotion policy
Promotion to higher post in made when vacancy arises due to death, retirement, registration. Merit, efficiency and performance of the employees are assessed management as a basis for promotion. Promotion will be subjected to the direction that may be issued from time by the personnel committee or board with regards to reservation in employment. by the

Advertisement:
Advertisement is a paid from of non personnel communication about an organization by an identified sponsor. In this mill the advertisement is done by giving in a newspaper. Advertisement in newspapers are generally used by this organs action when qualified personnel are not available from other sources.

Recruitment at factory gate:-

41 In this mill this type of direct recruitment is done by placing a notice on the notice board of the enterprise specifying the details of the job available. It is generally followed for filling casual vacancies required unskilled workers.

Employment Exchange:Employment exchanges assist in the recruitment of a all kinds of workers and employees except perhaps managerial staff. The job seekers register the name in employment exchange. The employers send the recruitment of manpower of the employment exchange. The employment exchange authorities send a list of employment opportunities of the concerned employees. The employer selects a suitable concerned employee. The employer selects suitable candidate from the list.

WELFARE ACTIVITIES
LABOUR WELFARE
The term welfare expresses the state of wellbeing, health, happiness, prosperity and the development of human resources. Any attempt to increase the productivity of efficiency of labor can be done in the workers are given the right type of work environment and are provided with those basic amenities of life which have direct bearing on workers physical efficiency. Thus plans of labor welfare and industrial housing may be regarded as an important part of the schemes for raising efficiency of labor. This mill provides welfare activities. Labor welfare include all intramural (inside the organization) and extramural welfare work (outside the organization).and social security measures.

Labour welfare work can be: Statutory Non- statutory

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Statutory welfare measures are those services whose implementation depends. On the coercive power of the government. Statutory measures have been provides in this mill. Non-statutory welfare measures include all those activities, which the employer undertakes for the welfare of his employees on a voluntary basis.

INTRA-MURAL AMENITIES

EXTRA-MURAL AMENITIES

Washing and bathing facilities Rest shelters &Sitting facilities Canteen Latrines &urinals Drinking water facilities Shift allowances First aid appliances

Medical facilities Educational facilities Social insurance measures Gratuity Pension Provident fund

First aid appliances:

In this mill first aid appliance is given. This is provided when the workers are injured while working. Only is done when it is minor injury. If the injury is serious he is taken to the hospital.

Water facilities:
The mill is providing water facilities to the workers for drinking as well as for washing and bathing.

Sitting and rest facilities.

43 In the mill it is found that the workers are working very hardly for bringing maximum output. So that the mill is providing rest hours like intervals, lunch break for relaxing. Thus in this time the worker has a resting room to sit and relax. This is mainly done to improve productivity and to avoid pressure to employees. This facility is done separately for male and female workers.

Sanitary facilities:
Sufficient latrine and urinal accommodation is provided in this mill. In this mill it is kept in convenient places is maintained in a clean and hygienic condition. A separate person comes at evening and cleans it everyday.

Canteen facilities:
The mill is providing canteen inside the work place. In the canteen the food items are served and the charges are made in very cheap rate. The mill is providing food items like Bonda, Chappathi, Rice, Dosha etc at subsidiary rate. The spacious canteen is provided for the workers. The present rate of food items are as follows:1) Meals 2) 1 Tea/Coffee 3) Snacks = Rs 2.00 = 35 Paisa = 70 Paisa

Educational facilities:
The mill provides cash awards for workers children who has scored highest marks.

Washing and bathing facilities:

The mill provides facilities to workers for washing their cloths to dry it.

Recreational facilities:
Recreation plays an important role in the mental in the physical development of employees. The importance of recreation is creating healthy climate. The mill is having good environment for industrial peace and progress. The mill is also providing tours for the employees.

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Shift allowance:
The mill is working according to the shift.3 shift is working in 24 hours that is per day.

Timing of shift
Shift I Shift II Shift III = 7-00am to 3-30 pm = 3-30am to 12-00 = 12-00 to 7-00am

General shift = 7-00am to 5.30 pm The main shift are shift I, shift II, shift III and there is also a general shift. The Ist and IInd shift include 8 hours has working hours and IIIrd shift include 8 hours. Each employee gets half an hour intervals within the working hour. The official time starts from 9-30 to 5-00.

Gratuity
The payment of gratuity Act,1972 is applicable to factories. The coverage under the Act is restricted to the employees having rendered at least five years of service. The act provides for payment of gratuity the rate of 15 days wages for the employee completed year of service. I year gratuity = 1 month salary * 15 days 26 days Gratuity is a retrial benefit earned by the employee by rendering service. It provides payment of gratuity by an employer to an employee on termination of his employment after rendered service for not less than five continuous years on wages not exceeding 1,500. This restriction is however inapplicable in case of death or termination of service through disablement due to accident or disease. Gratuity is payable at the rate of 15 days wages (basic pay + dearness allowances) for every completed year of service.

Pension:

45 On attaining the age of 58 years, the mill is providing pension fund to the employees. These contributions are to be calculated on the basis of basic wages, dearness allowances and retaining allowance. This scheme applies to employees in the factor. These contribution are to be calculated on the basic of the basic wages, dearness allowance (including the cash value any food concession) and retaining allowances.

FINANCE DEPARTEMENT

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FINANCE DEPARTMENT
Finance refers to money, cash or fund available to carry out operations. Financing is an ancillary but important function of marketing. It facilitates working of process in the firm. The provision of fund is essential for meeting various requirement of firm. A firm requires that fund at different stages like to start a company, to operate a company, to expand a company. The importance of finance is needs not over emphasized. Without proper administration of finance, no business can utilize its full potential for the growth and expansion. Money is the universal lubricant which keeps the enterprise dynamic, develops products, keeps men and machines at work, and encourages management to make progress and create values. The chief financial official that is the finance manager is the controller of finance. He is manly for performing for the financial functions. In this enterprise the entire control of finance depends upon this department. The various functions undertaken by this department are:1. Management of finance: Finance has never been problem for entrepreneurs in this cluster. Some times excessive credit given to customers creates temporary shortage in working capital. The entire enterprise has financial assistance either from commercial banks and financial institutions. How ever stringent type competition, compelling to the manufacturing to supply at less remunerative price, sometimes may create shortage in working capital. The enterprise is well organized in financial planning. Their financial controls and accounting systems are up-to-date and hence they are able to provide right information,

47 balance sheet and profit & loss account to the satisfaction of term lending institutions and banks for getting working capital and term loans. They have accountant to look after their accounts.

2. Key financial activities:

o Financial analysis, planning and control o Assessing the financial performance and the working condition of the firm.

o Forecasting and planning financial structure of the firm. Appropriate system of control to ensure that actions of manager are ; Concurrent with the goals of the firm. Management of firms asset structure

Determining the capital budget Establishing credit policies Managing the liquid resources Controlling the level of inventories Management of firms financial resources Establishing the dept equity ratio or financial leverage. Determining the debt and dividend policy Timely payment shares Negotiating and developing the relationship with various suppliers

Maintaining book of accounts

Register of maintaining shares. Cash book-Cash receipt, Cash payments. Purchase day book Sales day book

48 Journal proper. Day book.

Paid up share capital

Sl number

Category of number Individual H.L Weaver Co-operatives Other Co operative(Co operative banks) State government

Number Equity(Rs in lakh) 10097 12911 7499 678716 1004350 645450 562425 50903700 53115925

Total

709223

Working capital, also known as net working capital, is financial metric which represents operation liquidity available to a business. Along with Fixed Asset such as plant and equipment, working capital considered a part of operating capital. It is calculated as current assets minus current liabilities. If current assets are less than current liabilities, an entity has a working capital deficiency, also called a working capital deficit. Company can endowed with assets and profitability but short of liquidity if its assets cannot readily be converted into cash. Positive working capital is required to ensure that a firm is able continue its operations and that it has sufficient funds to satisfy both maturing short-term debt upcoming operational expenses, The management of working capital involves managing inventories, accounts receivable and payable and cash.

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Technical performance of the month of June, July, August Installed capacity Workable capacity Actual spindles worked Actual spindles stopped Overall efficiency Capacity utilization Based on installed capacity Based on workable capacity Counts run Average count Average g/s spindle Total spinning production RGI production Yarn realization % In process stock in Kg Total waste % Invisible loss % HOK up to spinning HOK post spinning Number of days worked Number of paid holidays Paid holidays wages Number of laid off G/S 40s concurtion Total kg 40s concurtion Lay off compensation April 20192 1435105 382175 88.83 78.97 40s,62s,6 5s 56.35 46.60 66888 66619 84.0 36927 15.66 0.34 46.53 12.54 30 Practical 74.32 106668 May 20192 1399987 477869 87.57 74.55 40s,62s,6 5s 55.10 46.69 65369 65612 84.17 34151 15.7 .13 48.59 12.71 31 Practical 72.80 101927 June 20192 1091657 725623 84.75 60.07 40s,62s,65 s 53.91 47.89 52287 50641 84.4 30303 15.43 .17 48015 13.52 30 1 17856 3+Practica l 72.2

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Total KSEB unit Total DG unit Diesel Consumed in liter Unit per liter U.K.G Details of stoppage in percentage based on o Cleaning o Repair o Count change o Want of empties o Want of hands o Power of failure o Want of back stuff o Not workable spindle o Electrical repair o Maintenance o Others Total

354732 744 327 2.27 3.33 .83 .73 .17 .01 10.55 2.98 0.25 0.33 5.18 21.03

339660 468 215 2.18 3.34 .64 .62 .01 5.61+4.90 3015+6.6 5 .26 .5 3.11 25.45

78823.75 265500 604 2.3 3.38 4.98+3.33 4.78+20.8 4 2.41 .09* .08 2.51 39.93

CAPITAL ACCOUNT
Reserves and surplus Other funds reserves Statutory funds & reserves Share capital A class B class Depreciation fund and others Common good fund Depreciation fund building Government share Investment allowances Profit sale on asset Replacement fund Reserve fund invested Reserve fun un invested Education fund C class

51 Subsidies Undistributed profit

Share capital
A class share, B class share, C class share, Government share

Share capital proportion (class %)

Government share = 95.84% A class share B class share C class share = 1.21% = 1.06% = 1.89%

Amount
Government share amount = 50903700 A class share B class share C class share = 645450 = 562425 = 1004350 53115925

Workers shares
As already indicated, the profit concept share can in the result in the worker being allowed to purchase a share in the capital. With increase in workers emphasis participation in management, an increased in awareness may be developed of giving workers a share also in ownership. Although workers participation schemes to have caught on recently in India, in the wider social objective of developing partnership between the workers and the employer some form of co-partnership must be evolved so that the worker or employee has also a share in the governorship. The government is at present thinking of making this possible for both the private and the public sector undertaking.

52 However, the workers have to invest in the enterprise in which he is working. Thus by giving them a stake in the undertaking, production could assist and healthy industrial relations developed.

PURCHASING DEPARTEMENT

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PURCHASING DEPARTMENT
The purchasing department will be responsible for providing the materials, components and equipments required to keep the production process running smoothly. A vital aspect of this role is ensuring stocks arrive on time and to right quantity. In Coimbatore Co-operative Spinning Mill the purchase department is set up under the production department.

Cotton:The mill main raw material is cotton. The mill purchase raw materials from outside state like Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab etc. Purchase is made on the basis of Tenders. Mill gives purchase order to the parties on the basis of lowest quotation offered by the parties. The mill purchased different varieties of cottons of different count such as:Counts Varieties 40s MECH LRA BUNNY MCU-5 BHRMA RCH H-6 60s MCU-5 DCH-32 H-4 BUNNY

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Packing materials:Another purchase be made for running the mill. Mill wants to pack the finished products so mill purchase packing materials from different states. Packing materials are: Labels Bags(Polythene bags) Jute yarn.

Store materials:For day to running of the mill numerous store materials are required by the mill that is part of machines. It is also purchased from within the states and outside state. All purchases are made from different parties. This is Co-operative institution so it must be need invite quotations and given tenders for sales.

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WASTE MANAGEMENT DEPARTEMENT

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WASTE MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT

In this department the waste cotton is kept in sacks. These waste cotton will be of low of quality thread and it will used mainly for making cushion. Each department has waste and the waste from different department is kept in different sides which has different names such as: Gutter fly Flat waste Sweeping Cylinder fly Hessen rags . To measure the weight it starts from 0 kg to 300 kg. There will be maximum waste of 5 to 6%.

Waste collected for past 5 months 2012

Hard waste Flat strips Cylinder fly Sweepings Gutter fly Droppings Clearer roller Roving ends White droppings TOTAL APRIL 2750 1889 913 780 3322.5 60.5 191.5 9907.5 MAY 184 3091 1798 1116 570 3498 360 10617 JUNE 98 3044 1756 12047 1803 3968 60 196 294 12423 JULY 106 2980 1775 1047 1591 4053 50 334 304 12240

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STORES DEPARTEMENT

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STORES DEPARTEMENT
There is need to provide for storage of raw material in a plant until they are converted into finished products. The factory buys raw material economically when they are available and should be stored properly. The stores department will be responsible for the stocking all the necessary tools, spares, raw materials and equipment required to service the manufacturing process. The store department is connected with physical handling and well-being of the stock. The stores department is meant for stocking purchased material, but partly finished goods, spares and consumables are also kept in stores. If the goods are not sold off immediately the manufacturer has to make adequate arrangements for storage of his output. An efficient storage yields the following benefits: Ease of handling Minimum of wastage Efficient space management Ready accessibility of major materials permitting efficient services to the users.

59 RECEIPTS &ISSUES OF STORE ARTICLES FOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST 2012 Sl number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Description Blow room Carding Simplex Spinning Electrical General Cone packing Cone winding(production) Cone winding(machine) Compressor Work shop Canteen Reeling TOTAL 369499 43 Receipt 361 3113 143644 16309 10187 126746 28337 39701 871 208 00 43 08 11 52 00 50 00 69 10 Issue 5757 6172 28518 11353 11940 37828 22851 8083 115 24 325 132971 92 49 82 65 00 00 00 39 90 15 89 21

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ELECTRICAL DEPARTEMENT

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ELECTRICAL DEPARTEMENT
This department is called Power house and it is also called as electrical control room. From electrical department, the power is distributed. In this department there is: General shift- 3 employees working One shift - 2 employees working

This mill gets line from Chovva substation. Last month the energy consumed by this mill is 265600. The other details are given below: Transformer = 1000 KV Primary Secondary = 11 KV = 40 KV

It consists of a generator room also where there are two generators. Theses generator is used for 18 years the cost of these generator will more than 10 lakh. The generator unit is 624. The engine of generator is of Kirloskar Cummins Engine (Pune). The alternator is from NGEF (Karnataka) Earthlings is done ion this department for protection relays. It is done to maintain current, voltage and reduce earth fault.

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CHAPTER V THEORETICAL CONCEPTS AND REAL PRACTICES

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THEORETICAL CONCEPTS AND REAL PRACTICES

Mixing
This is first stage in production process. The raw material cotton is brought from different stations and they are taken in this department of different varieties mainly of 40s and 60s cotton.3000 kilo cotton is brought in one day. In this mill mixing is done by hand

Blowroom
From here mixing process takes place. Here the raw material is cotton. Different varieties of cotton are seen in the blow room. Mainly there are two varieties of cotton are seen in the blow room. -40s and60s. The difference is that 60s cotton is of good quality than 40s quality.

Carding
In this department impurities or waste is removed and fiber must be straightened. This straightening is done by arranging the fibers in parallel fashion which is called carding.

Drawing
From carding the raw materials are brought and stored it in drawing department in different cans. The silver is stored in the can. Mainly 8 cans will be kept in this department. The silver is passed through a machine. The machine has 2 roller.

Simplex
The next department is simplex. From this department the size of the silver will get reduced. In this department 60s machine and 40s machine is used. In this department silver passes through the codes and forms into thin threads known as roving products. The output of this machine is called roving or bobbin

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Spinning
The last step is spinning. This department is called ring frame. In this department, the roving product is drafted as per the count. The drafted material is twisted to form the yarn. In spinning frame reduces roving t required size of single yarn. Spinning is the process of making yarn from fibers.

Drafting
Drafting is thinning down the material and this is getting affected by a set of rollers running a graduate speed in drawing, simplex and spinning machinery.

Cone winding
In the winding process, the yarn span on the sing frame is wound on paper cones. With the help of slab catchers provided on the winding machines all the spinning are removed. Therefore are 3 cones winding with 120 drums each

Cone packing:For packing & easy transportation materials to market the the final yarn is wound on paper cones in cone form in the cone forms from the unwinding becomes easier. At present the weight of the individual cone is maintained at 1.250 kg . in packing section the cone are packed in polythene and woven. Sacks 40 cones are packed in a single bag making it a 50 kg cone bag

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FINDINGS
Industrial relations with trade unions are fairly good and there is greater cooperation between management and employees. In the company 69% of the employees education qualification is SSLC. 40% of the employees are having more than 15 years of experience. In the company 75% of the employees are belonging to production department. Most of the employees prefer seniority as the base for providing promotion. Most of the employees have a good opinion about the level of job satisfaction. Highly standardized technology.

SUGGESTIONS
If the company is able to change the promotion policy adopted it is better to consider both merit and seniority of the employees. And also ensure that adequate promotions are giving to the employees.

If the company is improving the general working condition of the employees it will help to give more satisfaction to the employees. It is better to introduce participative programs with the participation of officers and management representatives.

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CHAPTER VI

CONCLUSION

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CONCLUSION
The Coimbatore Co-Op. Spinning Mills Ltd have made considerable achievements in the area of Textile industries. The company has operational experience of more than 40 years. Dedicated work and vision of the management has enabled the company to reach its position today. Companys brand image and loyalty is worth considering. Through their efforts and quality, company has able to establish a good reputation. The market and goodwill it enjoys appreciable indeed. Successful company is one which certain up and down in the market and able to win the battle. In fact CCSM has been in existence for the last few decades and it is all set to step into next millennium with glorious memory to sell.

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PART III

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

V S Ramaswami, S Namakumari, 1990, Marketing Management, Macmillan, 4th edition K Ashwathapa, 1997, Human Resource Management, Tata McGraw-Hill, 5 th edition. Marketing Management by Philip Kotler

Human Resource Management by Ashwathapa

Production and Operations Management by S.Chand

Memorandum and Articles of Association