Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
TIKANGA
MORI CULTURAL KIT
K mtou nei
Its who we are
Mihi
Introduction
Kia ora! Nau mai, haere mai! Welcome to our cultural kit. Its written for you, your family, friends and business partners to share New Zealands distinctive cultural heritage. It provides a window on Mori history, customs and culture and goes hand-in-hand with the Arohatia te Reo Mori language booklet. Our language, stories, land, people and companies are unique to our nation. Our people are the face of New Zealand, and its our job to tell those stories and build relationships that make a difference to our nation. Mori culture and values help us understand who we are and where we are from. Be proud of our heritage. Put your best foot forward in sharing New Zealand with our customers and partners.
Kia kaha!
Peter Chrisp Kaihaut, Te Mata o Aotearoa CEO, New Zealand Trade and Enterprise
contents
04 05 06 08 10 11 12 14 16 18 20 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 33 34 35 36 38 44 he whakamohiohio information pakihi ma ori mori business Whanaungatanga, Manaakitanga, Kaitiakitanga
FAMILY, HOSPITALITY, GUARDIANSHIP -
Iwi Tribes of NewZealand Te Tiriti o Waitangi Treaty of Waitangi Tikanga customs Marae meeting place Powhiri Welcome ceremony Karanga Call Whaikorero Speeches Mihimihi Introductions Nga mihi Greetings (informal) Nga mihi Greetings (formal) poroporoaki Farewells - matatuhi Written Greetings Nga Tau Numbers Wa Time Nga Tae Colours ia Ra Everyday vocab, phrases and objects Te tinana Body parts TAonga/pounamu treasures Te Ao The World WhakataukI Proverbs Waiata Songs Rauemi Resources
-
He whakamohiohio
information
Mori are the indigenous people of New Zealand (NZ) arriving around 1,000 years ago. 0ur DNA can be traced back to China. Mori is one of the three official languages of NZ. 15 percent of the NZ population is Mori, and 87 percent live in the North Island. New Zealand has a very young population with a median age of 22.7 years (2006). In 2010 the Mori economy was valued at NZ$37 billion with significant investment in farming, fishing, forestry, property, tourism, energy and infrastructure. The first NZ rugby team to tour internationally was predominantly Mori and were the first to use the silver fern. Today the silver fern is a national symbol. 3,600 men served in the Mori battalion in WWII 649 died in active service, 1,712 were wounded, 237 were prisoners of war. In Parliament, 19 percent or 23 of 121 MPs are Mori (2011). Mori are a proud people who value family connections, their environment, their visitors, the place they are from, and doing business face-to-face.
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Pakihi MAori
Mori business
12%
of Forestry
36% 10%
of Fishing quota
40% 10%
of dairy production
of Kiwifruit
of Lamb production
30%
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WHANAUNGATANGA
family
Our sense of family connections are very important to us. This includes those whom we choose to be a part of our larger family group. They become our whnau.
WHNAU FAMIL Y Whaea Kuia Mother Grandmother Matua Koroua Father Grandfather Tamaiti Tne Child Man Tama Wahine Son Woman Tamhine Pp Daughter Baby
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Tim Whi
ttaker
MANAAKITANGA
hospitality
Mori take great pride in hosting manuhiri (visitors).
Manuhiri are accorded the highest level of respect and honour when welcomed onto the marae and into our homes.
KAITIAKITANGA
guardianship
We are guardians and stewards of the land, holding it in sacred trust for our mokopuna (grandchildren) to inherit in years to come.
Tr a
f fo
rd
Ian
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Tai TokeraU
Te Rarawa Ng Puhi
Ngti Wai
iwi
Ngti Whatua
Tmakimakaurau Auckland
Ngti Te Ata
N. Tai N.Paoa
Ngti Maru
Kirikiriroa Hamilton
MATAATUA
Ngti Ranginui Ngi Te Rangi Te Arawa Ngti Awa Te Whnau-a-Apanui Ngi Tai Ngti Porou
tainui
TAIRWHITI
Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti
TARANAKI
arawa
Ngti Tuwharetoa
WHANGANUI MANAWAT
TKITIMU
Rangitne
Rangitne
Te Whanganui-a-Tara Wellington
te ika-a-mui
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Te ti Awa
N. Koata N. Kuia
Aotearoa New Zealand Te Ika a Mui North Island Te Waipounamu South Island
Poutini Ngi Tahu
tautahi Christchurch
te waipounamu
tepoti Dunedin
Ngi Tahu Ngti Mamoe
Rakiura
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Te Tiriti o Waitangi
Treaty of Waitangi
On 6 February 1840, the Treaty of Waitangi was signed between 512 Mori chiefs and the British Crown. This became NewZealands founding document built on three key principles: 1. Mori cede governance and sovereignty of NewZealand to Britain. 2. Mori give the Crown the right to buy land, and in return are guaranteed full rights of ownership of their lands, forests, fisheries and other possessions. 3. Mori have the same rights as British citizens.
w a k a m o r i can o e
In 1975 the Waitangi Tribunal was set up to look at breaches of the Treaty by the Crown. This has since led to significant settlements and the return of assets to Mori by the Crown. Some of the larger Treaty settlements include Ngi Tahu, WaikatoTainui, Sealord (as a part of fisheries settlement) and Central North Island Iwi (forestry). These assets are managed commercially and dividends provide education, social, economic and cultural outcomes for Mori, who are 15 percent of our population.
6 February is known as Waitangi celebrated as New Zealand nati Day and is onal day
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TE KETE TIKANGA MORI
Advent ur
e Films
Tikanga
Customs
Kor
u A symbolic ca rv ur i
ng
on the apex of a meeting house
Tikanga provide a Mori world view and are about the correct way of behaving or working. Kawa are the protocols and vary from iwi to iwi and area to area. In a business environment these are similar to guiding principles, policies, and procedures.
ao r aki m
ount co
ok
Suis
ted
Ro b
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Marae
Tips
le for women. irts are preferab sk g on . L ly ul tf buildings Dress respec d inside marae an e) m co el (w pwhiri Smoking during . ng house). ed w lo is not al (ancestral meeti i nu re ha w a g oes when enterin d, or wait. Remove your sh go around instea , rs ke ea sp of t fron g, and Do not walk in dishes and cookin . h it w nd ha a nd od i (dining hall), le rfaces are for fo In the whareka es or kitchen benches as these su bl ared and do not sit on ta perience. Be prep ex ue iq un d an is a wonderful Visiting a marae experience immensely. e you will enjoy th
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Tips
nt. Find on is importa ti ra a p re p omen rae, visit to a ma nise your kaikaranga (w ise), a g in g n a rr a herw ls), org When a ss advised ot le wa (protoco n a u k , l le a ca lo m e out th makers rero (speech makers. caller), kaik port speech p su to ) but a gift gs (son s meetings, es n si u and waiata b t a en can be ift) is not giv h Asian cultures. This g ry a et on Koha (a m especially wit appropriate, exchange is done as . guests depart
Small W orld Pr
oduc tio
ns
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POwhiri
Welcome ceremony
Pwhiri (a welcome ceremony) is the custom of welcoming and hosting manuhiri (visitors). Even when you are not on a marae (sacred meeting place), for example in an office space, outside, or other venues, protocols guide how pwhiri should be conducted. Basic pwhiri include the following steps:
The manuhiri gather outside the marae entrance or in a designated area. 2. The wero (challenge) may be issued by a young male warrior from the tangata whenua (local people). This is to test whether manuhiri come in peace or war. 3. You will hear the karanga (welcome call) from a woman from the tangata whenua. The manuhiri begin to advance and return the karanga. 4. 0nce the manuhiri are seated (men in the front), the whaikrero (speeches) take place.
1.
5.
After each whaikrero, a waiata (song) is sung. 6. Sometimes a koha (a monetary gift) is given by the visitors. The last speaker should lay this on the ground for collection. 7. 0nce whaikrero and waiata are completed, the tangata whenua and manuhiri come together to hariru (shake hands) and hongi (press noses). The hongi is a sign of peace, life and well-being, and the coming together of two people. A hkari (meal) is then shared. This signifies the end of the pwhiri and the sacred part of the ceremony.
8.
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Tangata whenua Kaikaranga (caller) Tangata whenua Sit here, men in front Wero Challenge by warrior
Marae tea Wharekai Dining hall Manuhiri Sit here, men in front
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Karanga
Call
Zealand The karanga (call) can only be given by women. It weaves a spiritual rope to pull the waka (canoe) of the manuhiri (visitors) on to the marae (sacred meeting place). The calls alternate between tangata whenua (local people) and manuhiri and should never be broken. It is a continuous stream of each side weaving into the other.
Here is a simple karanga
lon
en
ati ve
to N ew
1st call Haere mai, e te manuhiri trangi e, haere mai r Welcome distinguished visitors, welcome 2nd call Huihuia mai r ng mate o te r nei e, haere mai r Bring with you the dead so that we may mourn them today, welcome 3rd call Haere mai, i runga i te kaupapa o te r nei e, haere mai r Welcome to this auspicious occasion, welcome
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t Ne w
Zealan
1st call Karanga mai r, e te iwi e, karanga mai r Greetings to you all, the hosts of today, greetings 2nd call Haere atu r, ng mate o w iti nei e, haere atu r Farewell the dead of today, farewell 3rd call Tnei r te whakaeke nei, ki te whakanui i te kaupapa o te r nei e, karanga mai r We have entered on to your marae to pay tribute to this day
d nativ e bird
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WhaikOrero
Speeches
Whaikrero is formal speech making and is normally performed by men on the marae and at social gatherings. The speakers and order is pre-determined by seniority or the protocol of the area.
The speaker normally opens with a tauparapara (chant), and is followed by mihimihi (the traditional greetings) acknowledging the: Depending on the area, the whaikrero will follow one of two styles Peke or Tauutuutu. Peke all tangata whenua (local people) speak Land first, then all the Wharenui (ancestral manuhiri (visitors) meeting house) speak with the The dead (our ancestors) last speaker The people present being tangata whenua. The reason for gathering. Tauutuutu the speakers alternate from tangata whenua to manuhiri with speakers from the tangata whenua being the first and last to speak.
TE KETE TIKANGA MORI
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The tokotoko (walking stick) is an object of beauty, symbolic of authority and status; often decorated with carving that represents the owners ancestry, or a legend.
oko wa tokot
Here is a simple whaikrero
Tihe mauri ora! E te Atua, nu te korria Te whare e t nei, tn koe Te papa i waho nei, tn koe Te mana whenua o tnei rohe, tn koutou Te hunga mate ki te hunga mate, haere haere haere Te hunga ora ki a ttou te hunga ora Tn koutou, tn koutou, tn tatou katoa
lking stick
Let there be life! Glory be to the Lord I greet the house we stand in I greet the land outside I greet the local people I pay tribute to our ancestors/to the dead I give thanks for those of us living Greetings to you all
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Mihimihi
Introductions
A mihimihi is a basic introduction to let people know a little bit about yourself. It tells people where you are from and who you are, linking you to the land (and mountain), river, sea, tribe, sub-tribe, whakapapa (genealogy) and marae (sacred meeting place). Non-Mori might identify places that are significant to them and the country they
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kwh
N ew tive a n i a
zealand pla
Jam
es H
er em
aia
MEET AND Kia ora koe? Kei te phea Kei te pai Ka nui te pai e Mrena e Hon ta Pi e Kuhu mai Aroha mai Kia kaha Ka pai i Ka pai t mah
GREET
, John Good morning r Come in, Pete se me cu Ex y/ Im sorr it heaps e iv Be strong/G Well done well Youre doing ody/everyone Hello everyb Im (name) lington Im from Wel Im a Pkeh anisation) I work at (org you all Greetings to
MORI CULTURAL KIT
Kia ora ttou au Ko (name) ah au anui a Tara ah ng ha W N Te au He Pkeh ah ion) ahau at is Kei (organ a an i ah em katoa Tn koutou
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o is rstand wh l ahead e d n u s, n Tips delegatio d protoco ing Mori expectations aroun lcome, and the m o lc e w n Whe their the we d manage l conduct visiting an them know who wil rs. ake et of time. L es, and title of spe llow m a n le, and fo col males ib ss number, o p e r e ori wh ri proto them in M tocols. In strict Mo ose with knowledge Welcome o th eakers or elcome) pr ive a pwhiri (w t defer to Mori sp ice. It is better to g !), all dv , bu speak first ont be shy to seek a (Greetings to you . a D o dly r t i. of pwhir y Tn koutou ka troduction) awkwa t in r ( warm, hea ble through a mihi ine Toa m u st o f our Wh tocols set t o d u o than r p ral pro tremely We are ex ional cultu ld respect these. : it r d e b ra t m e e m Re shou t som aders), bu n, and we dge. (women le women and for me ts womens knowle n or ese out roles f karanga (call) repr you are le p s apply. If and m r e n n a m For exa al good ikrero ette: Norm rmly, give your wha en invite u iq t e g in th a Meet e guests w roduce your team, m o lc e w , g t e, turn hostin uctions), in uctions are complet d o r t in ( i d mihimih ce intro espond. On r o t s r o it vis nts: nda. to the age grandpare r u o y e r a ey ple like th Treat peo and care. ct with respe
e pe n
pe n
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ngA mihi
greetings (informal)
Kia ora ttou Hello everybody Kia ora r e hoa! Hello friend! / Gday mate! Ata mrie Peaceful morning, good morning P mrie Peaceful evening Haere mai Welcome, come here Nau mai ki te w kinga Welcome home
Ian Tr
affo
rd
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Tn koe Greetings (to one person) Tn krua Greetings (to two people) Tn koutou Greetings (to three or more people) Kia pai t mutunga wiki Have a good weekend Tn koutou katoa Greetings to you all
Bl a
ine H
ar r
ngA mihi
greetings (formal)
Tihe mauri ora! E ng mana, e ng reo, e rau rangatira m Tn koutou, tn koutou, tn koutou katoa Behold the breath of life! To all authorities, all voices, to the many chiefs gathered here Greetings, greetings, greetings to everyone
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ingt on
Hongi The hongi is a uniquely Mori form of greeting carried out both at formal occasions and informal meeting of friends. The hongi is performed by grasping the other persons hand, as with a handshake, leaning forward and gently pressing noses nose to nose, breath to breath. Some, but not everyone, may also kiss women on the cheek.
poroporoaki
farewells
Ka kite an See you later Ka kite an pp See you tomorrow Hei kon mai Goodbye for now Haere r Goodbye (to someone leaving) E noho r Goodbye (to someone staying) Kia pai t r Have a good day Kia pai t mutunga wiki Have a good weekend Ng mihi m t manaakitanga mai Thanks for your kindness Kia pai te haere Have a good trip
os so
Me hoki mai an
S erg
io D
el R
piti hono ttai hono, rtou te hunga mate ki a rtou Ttou te hunga ora ki a ttou Tn koutou, tn koutou, tn ttou katoa I pay tribute to those who have passed before us I give thanks to those of us living Greetings to everyone
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matatuhi
written greetings
Opening and closing greetings for letters or emails This section offers a few suggestions for people who wish to open and close their letters and/or emails with a simple but appropriate expression in Mori. Dear Sir/Madam Dear Sir/Madam Dear Sir/Madam Dear Sir/Madam Tn koe E te rangatira, tn koe Tn koe e te rangatira Kei te rangatira, tn koe
Rangatira has a range of meanings, including chief, male or female and is a generally accepted way of expressing the idea of Sir or Madam in Mori.
When writing or addressing two people When writing or addressing three or more people When addressing the head of an organisation
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Note: The M often not ori phrases provided lite ar English ter ral translations of t e he ms given a lon Rather, th ey are equ gside them. iva expressing the same id lent ways of eas.
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nga tau
numbers
Tahi Rua Toru Wh Rima Ono Whitu Waru Iwa Tekau Tekau m tahi Tekau m rua Rua tekau Toru tekau Wh tekau m ono Waru tekau m whitu Kotahi rau Kotahi mano E hia? E ono Tokohia ng tngata Tokomaha ng tngata
One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten Eleven Twelve Twenty Thirty Forty six Eighty seven One hundred One thousand How many? Six of them How many people are there? There are lots of people
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w ha
aono dice ng
wa
W Time
time
nga tae
k ar
aka clock
colours
Pango Black M White Whero Red Karaka Orange Kkriki Green
Kikorangi Blue Tawa Purple Parauri Brown Kiwikiwi Grey Kwhai Yellow
He aha te w? Whats the time? Kotahi karaka te w Its one oclock Haurua ma i te toru te w Its half past three Hauwh ki te iwa te w Quarter to nine Ko te poupoutanga o te r Its midday Rima meneti mai i te ono te w Its five past six
iG Kkrik reen
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Waea telephone
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Raiti Light
ia Ra
chr ist m
lo as f
we
kur
pa
tuk pohu
aw
a New zealand
rorohiko c omputer
Ngeru Cat Kaha Door Karaehe Glass Waka rererangi Aeroplane Pereti Plate Matapihi Window
ng
o black dog
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N Really? Is that right? Ka pai t mahi Youre doing great Tino pai rawa atu koe Youre the best Ka rawe How neat/ Awesome Aroha mai Excuse me/ Im sorry He r tino taahua tnei Its a great day Whare House Rma moe Bedroom Whakaahua Picture Kuta Kitchen
Touris
tne mah u
m New
Ze al an
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Te tinana
body parts
Karu Eye Taringa Ear Niho Teeth
Makawe Hair
Ringa Arm/Hand
Waewae Leg/Foot
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TAONGA/pounamu
treasures/greenstone
Waka H ings ous th ci e r p or essel f uia A v
Taonga are those treasures that are precious and close to our heart. They are the teachings, stories; the songs and language of our ancestors.
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TE KETE TIKANGA MORI
te ao
the world
N hea koe ? Where are you from? N Aotear oa I am from ahau New Zeala nd
Knata Canada
Awherika Africa
nia India
ced back a r t e b can Mori DNA ourney of more aj to China... 000 years. than 5,
MORI CULTURAL KIT
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whakataukI
Proverbs
Waiho m te tangata e mihi Let someone else extol your virtues Ko te kai a te rangatira, he krero The food of chiefs is language Whatu ngarongaro he tangata, toit te whenua Man disappears, but the land remains Me mtau ki te whet, i mua i te kkiri o te haere Before you set forth on a journey, be sure you know the stars Kia mau koe ki ng kupu a ttou tpuna Hold fast to the words of our ancestors Whia e koe te iti kahurangi; ki te tuohu koe, me maunga teitei Seek that treasure that you value most dearly: if you bow your head, let it be to a lofty mountain Okea ururoatia Fight like a shark. Be tenacious in your pursuit of your goals, never give up Ttara whirua, he kai n te ahi A split totara is food for the fire. Division and a lack of unity, lead to failure
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He aha te mea nui o te ao? He tangata, he tangata, he tangata: What is the most important thing in the world? It is people, it is people, it is people.
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Waiata
Songs
pe From de spair to ho an d fin ally enlight enm ent
KA MATE (Haka) Ka mate! Ka mate! Ka ora! Ka ora! Ka mate! Ka mate! Ka ora! Ka ora! Tnei te tangata phuruhuru Nna i tiki mai, whakawhiti te r A upane, ka upane A upane kaupane whiti te r. H! It is death! It is death! It is life! It is life! It is death! It is death! It is life! It is life! This is the man, so hairy, who fetched, and made the sun shine! Together! Keep together! Up the step! A second step! Out comes the sun! Ahh!
E TORU NG MEA (Repeat after the leader) E toru ng mea Ng mea nunui E k ana, te paipera Tumanako, whakapono Me te mea nui Ko te aroha There are three things very important things as stated in the Bible Hope, faith and the greatest thing, Is love
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WHAKAARIA MAI (Hymn) (Repeat for chorus) Whakaaria mai, Show your cross tu rpeka ki au to me Tiaho mai, r Let it shine, there in the roto i te p darkness Hei kon au, titiro To there, I will atu ai be looking Ora mate, hei au koe In life, in death, noho ai let me rest in thee
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Ehara i te mea Ehara i te mea N inianei te aroha N ng tpuna Tuku iho tuku iho Whakapono tumanako Te aroha ki te iwi N ng tpuna Tuku iho tuku iho Te whenua te whenua Te oranga m te iwi N ng tpuna Tuku iho tuku iho It is not a new thing now that is love comes from the ancestors handed down through the passages of time Faith and hope Love to the people comes from the ancestors handed down through the passages of time The land, the land is the life for the people comes from the ancestors handed down through the passages of time
Ngaringari (NATIONAL Anthem) E Ihoa Atua O ng iwi mtou r ta whakarongona Me aroha noa Kia hua ko te pai Kia tau t atawhai Manaakitia mai Aotearoa God of nations at thy feet In the bonds of love we meet Hear our voices we entreat God defend our free land Guard Pacifics triple star From the shafts of strife and war Make her praises heard afar God defend New Zealand
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Pkarekare ana Pkarekare ana ng wai o Waitemat, Whiti atu koe e hine marino ana e E hine e hoki mai r Ka mate ahau I te aroha e Tuhituhi taku reta tuku atu taku rngi, Kia kite t iwi raruraru ana e whatiwhati taku pene ka pau aku pepa, Ko taku aroha mau tonu ana e E kore te aroha e maroke i te r, Mkk tonu i aku roimata e They are agitated the waters of Waitemat But when you cross over girl they will be calm Oh girl return to me I could die of love for you I have written my letter I have sent my ring so that your people can see that I am troubled My pen is shattered I have no more paper But my love is still steadfast My love will never be dried by the sun It will be forever moistened by my tears
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KA POIOi Ka poioi e Tohu aroha haukinga E hoki mai r Kia kite atu i t iwi e E rotarota ana E katakata ana mai r Pkana whetero mai i te ihi a mtua kia kite atu an I t ataahua ai kanapa r Pupuhi ai e te hau Kapohia aku roimata Ka poioi he Tohu aroha haukinga This swaying dance shows the love of your home-town people Youve come back home, to see your people There is gesturing and laughing with joy at your return, Eyes popping and tongues thrusting from the energy of those performing I see again your beauty gleaming there caressed by the wind, and my tears are snatched away This fluttering dance shows your home-town peoples love
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T TIRA MAI T tira mai ng iwi au! Ttou ttou e T tira mai ng iwi au! Ttou ttou e Whia te mramatanga Me te aroha, E ng iwi Kia tapa tahi Kia kotahi r Ttou ttou e. Hi au hi! Line up together, people All of us, all of us Stand in rows, people All of us, all of us Seek after knowledge and love of others everybody! Think as one, Act as one. All of us, all of us All of us, all of us!
TE AROHA Te aroha Te whakapono Me te rangimrie Ttou ttou e Love Faith And peace To everyone
M WAI R M wai r e taurima Te marae i waho nei M te tika, m te pono Me te aroha e Who will take responsibility on the marae now There can be justice, and truth only if there is love
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Rauemi
Resources
Mori dictionary www.maoridictionary.co.nz Mori language website www.koreromori.co.nz AUT Te Whanake Interactive online learning modules animations.tewhanake.maori.nz 100 Mori words every New Zealander should know www.nzhistory.net.nz/culture/maori-language-week/ 100-maori-words Te Pou Taki Krero a range of learning resources www.learningmedia.co.nz Mori Language Commission information www.tetaurawhiri.govt.nz History, vocabulary and pronunciation www.nzhistory.net.nz
nOti
notes
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nOti
notes
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K mtou nei
Its who we are
Copyright New Zealand Trade and Enterprise (NZTE) 2012. Disclaimer: No part of this publication may be distributed or copied for any commercial purpose nor incorporated in any work or publication (whether in hard copy, electronic or any other form) without the prior written consent of NZTE. While NZTE has verified the information in this document, we make no representation as to the completeness, correctness, currency, accuracy or purpose of the information. NZTE will not be responsible for any damage or loss suffered by any person arising from the information contained in this document, whether that damage or loss arises from negligence or otherwise. ISBN 978-0-478-37955-6 December 2012
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