/ / age or por at i on

onsi derat i ons i n et rai nment esi gn

ilfred eung
hief rchitect or por at i on
eb
/ / age or por at i on
ri ve hrough vs. et rai nment
/ / age or por at i on
ri ve hrough vs. et rai nment
or ong ong , r i ve hr ough ( det r ai n at
st at i ons) i s t he pol i cy f or t r ai n r el at ed f i r e
i nci dent s.

r i ve hr ough i s t he best and qui ckest way t o
evacuat e passenger s f r om i nci dent t r ai n.

r i ve hr ough i s al so t he pr ocedur e f or many moder n
met r o/ r ai l syst ems.

et r ai nment pr ovi si ons ar e mai nl y pr ovi ded f or
non- f i r e r el at ed i nci dent s and as a l ast r esor t .

/ / age or por at i on
et rai nment esi gn
/ / age or por at i on
nternationally, nd or ide l l owed
ai l way af et y r i nci pl es and ui dance ( ) l ause . .
art ection uidance on trains, lause :
assengers should be able to exit their vehicle
using more than one route. nd door s, that
form part of an escape route, should be
usable by passengers to evacuate.
ar t ect i on ui dance on t he
i nf r ast r uct ur e, l ause ( b) :
her e t he t r ai n const r uct i on does not
per mi t l ongi t udi nal evacuat i on
t hr oughout t he l engt h of t he t r ai n, a
si de wal kway t o per mi t evacuat i on
t hr ough t he nor mal passenger si de
door s of the train should be provided.
. mer gency gr ess aci l i t i es
ach vehi cl e shal l be pr ovi ded
wi t h a mi ni mum of t wo means of
emer gency egr ess l ocat ed on t he
si des or at t he end( s) . nstalled as
remotely as practicable.
/ / age or por at i on
nternationally, nd or ide l l owed
nd et rai nment
i de et r ai nment
/ / age or por at i on
onsi derat i ons i n el ect i on of
et rai nment et hod
/ / age or por at i on
ometimes here i s o hoi ce
ondon nder ground unnel and r ai n
/ / age or por at i on / / age or por at i on
et r ai nment
ypi cal et r o r ai n ( wi t h
gangway)
i de: nd:
et r ai nment i de: nd:
ol l i ng t ock esi gn
ometimes here i s o hoi ce
/ / age or por at i on
hen here i s hoi ce
perabi l i t y
echni cal
easi bi l i t
y
et rai nment
et hod t o
be dopt ed
af et y under
i f f erent ce
nari os
i sk r of i l e of t he ai l yst em

onsi derat i ons
/ / age or por at i on
r os and ons of t he wo
et r ai nment et hods
/ / age or por at i on
esources f or xcavat i on and i ni ngs
unnel f aci l i t at es si de
det r ai nment

r by %,

% i n area and vol ume,

more excavat i on, more spoi l ,
hi gher const ruct i on ri sk

unnel f aci l i t at es end
det r ai nment
/ / age or por at i on
est sl and i ne ( under onst ruct i on)
SYP
SHW
UNI
KET
/ / age or por at i on
est sland ine eri al hot o


/ / age or por at i on
vai l abl e al kway i dt h
vailable walkway f r ee t o
use, especi al l y f or passi ng
t hose who ar e sl ower
ssi gned el evat ed
wal kway
i de det r ai nment
nd det r ai nment
/ / age or por at i on
i de det r ai nment
nd det r ai nment
eadroom bove vacuat i on at h
/ / age or por at i on
ul k and i sual mpact
ht t p: / / upl oad. wi ki medi a. org/ wi ki pedi a/ commons/ / a/ ei _ue_un_oad_wun_
ong_t at i on. j pg
ht t p: / / www. soundsor b. com/ i mages/ / pdat ed%mages/ est ai l / est %ai l %%. j pg
i aduct f aci l i t at es si de
det r ai nment
i aduct f aci l i t at es end
det r ai nment
. m
. m
/ / age or por at i on
al l i ng azard
i ni mum l evel s di f f er ent
l evat ed walkway ar ge l evel
di f f er ent
i de det r ai nment
nd det r ai nment
/ / age or por at i on
i scont i nuat i on of l evat ed al kway
No such situation in End detrainment
/ / age or por at i on
perat i on onsi derat i ons of i de/ nd et rai nment
nd det r ai nment al l ows si mpl e and uni f i ed det r ai nment met hod f or al l scenar i os
/ / age or por at i on
nt ernal rai n i re
( ) nd det r ai nment
f aci l i t y
roceed to next station (rive-through)
l us et r ai nment wi t hi n t unnel ( ery ow r obabi l i t y)
( ) i de det r ai nment
f aci l i t y
( ) nd det r ai nment
( ) i de det r ai nment
ame situation during drive
through
moke
di schar ge
enabl e per i od
i nsi de t r ai n
?
hor t
j our ney
ong
j our ney
/ / age or por at i on
ummary
Consideration Side Detrainment End Detrainment
Minimise Construction Risks
associated with tunnel size
Eliminate falling hazard from
elevated walkway
Visual impact of elevated structures
Infrastructure resources
Available walkway width
Evacuee self help
Walkway continuity
Clear headroom above walkway
Simplicity in operation
External train fire & capsule effect
Internal train fire drive-through Short Long Short Long
Internal train fire detrainment
nd det rai nment i s bet t er except i n t he remot e case of i nt ernal
t rai n f i re pl us dri ve t hrough f ai l ure
or l ong t ravel di st ance ( >km) , dri ve t hrough may not be an opt i on
/ / age or por at i on
nhancement of r i ve hr ough and
nd et r ai nment
/ / age or por at i on
esi gn of ol l i ng t ock
/ / age or por at i on / / age or por at i on
ol l i ng t ock onst ruct i on
on- combust i bl e seat
at er i al s t o
- i nhi bi t f i r e spr ead, soot densi t y, et c.
mi nut es i r e r at ed
f l oor
%r edundancy i n pant ogr aphs and t r act i on equi pment
mi ns f l oor
mi ns back up bat t er y f or emer gency l i ght i ng,
vent i l at i on, audi o communi cat i on
opper wi ndows
i r e ext i ngui sher s
n sal oon wi t h si gnal t o ont r ol ent r e
n sal oon smoke det ect i on wi t h si gnal
t o ont r ol ent r e
at er i al s t o
et r ai nment r amps at t he t wo ends
axi mum i r e i ze of as per f or mance r equi r ement
/ / age or por at i on / / age or por at i on
of nt ernal rai n i re
baggage f i r e
edi um gr owt h r at e
o hopper wi ndows ar e opened
nt ernal r ai n
i re
our ney i me: . mi ns at appr ox kph
enabl e per i od: mi ns
et r ai nment t i me at pl at f or m: s
t mi ns
t mi ns
- f or
/ / age or por at i on / / age or por at i on
urt her nhancement s
hat i f t her e i s an i nt er nal t r ai n f i r e and dr i ve t hr ough f ai l
( oubl e f ai l ur e scenar i o)

ne sol ut i on i s t o r emove t he smoke wi t hi n t he t r ai n car t o
ext end t he t enabl e condi t i on f or evacuat i on

moke emoval yst em ( ) i s devel oped by modi f yi ng t he r ol l i ng
st ock / syst em

hi s syst em can al so enhance t enabi l i t y dur i ng dr i ve t hr ough


/ / age or por at i on
moke emoval yst em ( )
/ / age or por at i on / / age or por at i on
ni t odi f i cat i on
ust omi se t he ai r - condi t i oni ng uni t t o i ncl ude smoke
r emoval mode, wi t h no i mpact on t r ai n body st r uct ur e

or mal i r f l ow
moke emoval
uppl y i r
r i l l es
et ur n i r
r i l l es
/ / age or por at i on / / age or por at i on
ustomised nit ormal ode i r l ow i agram
i xed i r
hamber
i xed i r
hamber
et urn i r
et urn i r
o
i
l
s

&

i
l
t
e
r
s

romet urn i r ri l l e bel ow
romet urn i r ri l l e bel ow
i xed i r
hamber
romresh i r nt ake above
romresh i r nt ake above
o uppl y i r
uct
an hambe
r
egends
mbi ent i r
et urn i r
ol d i r
ampers
ot e:
hi s mode i s t he
same as t he mode
f or non- f i re
emergency
vent i l at i on mode
( ) , except f or f an
speed
( )
/ / age or por at i on / / age or por at i on
rom
uppl y
i r uct
ustomised nit nt ernal moke emoval ode i r
l ow i agram
i xed i r
hamber
et urn i r
et urn i r
o
i
l
s

&

i
l
t
e
r
s

romet urn i r ri l l e bel ow
romet urn i r ri l l e bel ow
( )
amper l osed
??
an hambe
r
moke
egends
( ) resh i r
amper l os
ed
( )
amper l osed ??
moke
out l et s
above ampers
( ) uppl y i r
ampers l osed
( ) xhaust i r
ampers pened
( )
i xed i r
hamber
i xed i r
hamber
/ / age or por at i on / / age or por at i on
o uppl y i r
uct
ustomised nit xt ernal i re / moke ode - i r
l ow i agram
i xed i r
hamber
et urn i r
et urn i r
o
i
l
s

&

i
l
t
e
r
s

romet urn i r ri l l e bel ow
romet urn i r ri l l e bel ow
egends
et urn i r
ol d i r
( ) resh i r
amper l os
ed
ampers
( )
i xed i r
hamber
i xed i r
hamber
an hambe
r
/ / age or por at i on / / age or por at i on
rot ot ype evel opment est s and
emonst rat i on
/ / age or por at i on / / age or por at i on
/ ni t rot ot ype evel opment
Appointed Sigma Coachair Group specialist manufacturer supplying
worldwide market
Several months of development work









Typically utilising tried and tested standard components
Demonstration of advanced prototype on 21 December 2010
/ / age or por at i on / / age or por at i on
moke emoval ut l et s nsert ed on op of
t he ni t
at er pr oof sl i di ng hat ch
t o be f i t t ed on t op of
r oof
xhaust openi ng cover wi t h l i near
act uat ors t o open and cl ose t he exhaust
pat h
/ / age or por at i on / / age or por at i on
ans and ampers onf i gured f or moke
emoval
he smoke r emoval ( exhaust ) damper
i n t he mi ddl e
he suppl y ai r dampers on t he l ef t and
ri ght
/ / age or por at i on / / age or por at i on
est s and eri f i cat i on
Test Set Objectives and Works Involved
(A) Standalone A/C Unit
Smoke Removal
Airflow Test

COMPLETED
to measure the extract airflow rates achieved under different
combinations of air paths for a standalone VAC unit; and

to identify the extent of VAC unit modification such that when
operated in smoke removal mode the extract airflow rate can be
maximized.
(B) 250
o
C Hot Air Chamber
Motor Test

COMPLETED
to conduct temperature stress test on fan motor assembly at 250
o
C
hot air chamber to validate its proper functioning duration.
(C) On Vehicle Smoke
Removal System Test


COMPLETED

by installing two VAC unit prototypes on an existing operating train
to verify the overall performance;

to measure the extract airflow rate achieved on-train; and

to conduct on-train smoke visualization tests (December 2010)
/ / age or por at i on / / age or por at i on
mproved moke emoval at e
per VAC Unit per Car 3-car Train Margin of
Safety
Smoke removal rate required
empirically*
1.33 cu.m/s 2.66 cu.m/s 7.98 cu.m/s 117%
Smoke removal rate achieved 2.89 cu.m/s

5.77 cu.m/s 17.31 cu.m/s
moke cl ear
hei ght at . m
eadr oom
~. m
baggage
f i r e
equi r ed smoke r emoval r at e cal cul at ed by empi r i cal smoke pl ume f or mul a:
cu. m/ s = . cu. m/ s* f or each of uni t s*
/ / age or por at i on / / age or por at i on
Video - Internal
/ / age or por at i on
i deo - nt ernal
/ / age or por at i on / / age or por at i on
Video - External
/ / age or por at i on
i deo - xt ernal
/ / age or por at i on / / age or por at i on
Conclusion
/ / age or por at i on
ummary
Consideration Side Detrainment End Detrainment End Detrainment
with SRS
Minimise Construction Risks
associated with tunnel size
Eliminate falling hazard from
elevated walkway
Visual impact of elevated structures
Infrastructure resources
Available walkway width
Evacuee self help
Walkway continuity
Clear headroom above walkway
Simplicity in operation
External train fire & capsule effect
Internal train fire drive-through Short Long Short Long Short Long
Internal train fire detrainment
/ / age or por at i on
oncl usi on
et r ai nment due t o t r ai n f i r e i s r ar e as dr i ve
t hr ough i s t he by f ar t he best opt i on
ot h end det r ai nment and si de det r ai nment ar e
accept abl e
nd et r ai nment wi t h can addr ess al l
scenar i os
can al so enhance dr i ve t hr ough f or r ai l way
wi t h l onger i nt er - st at i on di st ance
/ / age or por at i on
hank ou



ilfred eung
hief rchitect or por at i on
wi l f r edymt r . com. hk
eb