THE RERTR-2006 INTERNATIONAL MEETING ON

REDUCED ENRICHMENT FOR RESEARCH AND TEST REACTORS

October 29 – November 2, 2006
Southern Sun Cape Sun
Cape Town, Republic of South Africa

STEADY-STATE AND LOSS-OF FLOW TRANSIENT MODELING FOR TAJOURA

NUCLEAR RESEARCH REACTOR
F. M. Bsebsu
Reactor Department
Renewable Energies and Water Desalinization Research Center, Tajoura – Libya

and

P. L. Garner and N. A. Hanan

Nuclear Engineering Division
Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, 60439 – United States of America

ABSTRACT

Design information is presented for high enriched uranium (HEU, using IRT-2M fuel) and low
enriched uranium (LEU, using IRT-4M fuel) cores in Tajoura (IRT-1) reactor in Libya.
Experiment results are presented for coolant flow rate versus pressure drop at steady state
and flow during pump coast down. Steady state operational parameters at maximum power of
10 MW are presented. Calculated results are presented for several flow-induced accident
situations. In no case does fuel approach conditions which might lead to damage.

1. Introduction
The Tajoura (IRT-1) reactor [1] is a pool type reactor, moderated and cooled by light
water located at the Renewable Energies and Water Desalinization Research Center
(REWDRC). The reactor is designated to carry out experiments in field of nuclear physics and
nuclear engineering, neutron activation analysis, solid state physics and isotope production.
The reactor was put into operation at a power level of 10 MW in September 1983.
The old fuel of the reactor is of the IRT-2M type: High Enriched Uranium (HEU, 80% of
235U); the fuel is an alloy (matrix) of aluminum and uranium-aluminum eutectic (UAl –Al) with
x
aluminum cladding. The reactor is being converted to Low Enriched Uranium (LEU, 19.7% of
235U) fuel of type IRT-4M [2]; the new fuel is an alloy (matrix) of aluminum and uranium-

dioxide (UO2–Al) with aluminum cladding.

This paper presents the analysis of the Tajoura core for power level (maximum) of
10 MW. The IRTCO [3] computer code and standard correlations have been employed to
calculate different parameters such as coolant, cladding and centerline temperatures, and
other thermal hydraulic critical parameters at steady state conditions. Results are shown
from PARET [4] and RELAP [5] codes for response to flow-induced accidents. A companion
paper [6] presents results for reactivity-induced transients.
2. Tajoura Reactor Core Design Parameters

The base of the Tajoura core is a square grid plate with 36 identically formed places with a
lattice pitch of 71.5 mm. The fuel assemblies (FA), the removable beryllium units, and guide
tubes of the control rods (8 shim control rods, 2 safety rods and one automatic regulating
rod) can be put into theses places. The compact core loading of Tajoura consists of 16 FAs.
The FAs are surrounded by 20 removable beryllium units. Stationary beryllium reflector
surrounds the removable core units. The horizontal cross section of the core is shown in
Figure 1. The active fuel length is 0.60 m. The fuel is cooled by the pumped flow of water
from top to bottom of the core.
The HEU core is composed of IRT-2M
FAs: 10 × 3-tube fuel assemblies (3TFA) and 6
× 4-tube fuel assemblies (4TFA). The IRT-2M FA
geometries are shown on the left side of
Figure 2. The 4TFA consists of 4 fuel elements
(FE) and 5 coolant channels; the 3TFA is
identical to the 4TFA except the innermost fuel
tube is replaced with control rod guide tube.
The fuel material is UAlx – Al matrix with 80% of
235U enrichment and its thickness is 0.4 mm

covered by cladding material type SAV-1

(Russian Al alloy material) and its thickness is
0.8 mm. The 4TFA contains 164 g of 235U and
the 3TFA contains 148 g of 235U.
The LEU core is composed of IRT-4M
FAs: 10 × 6-tube fuel assemblies (6TFA) and 6
× 8-tube fuel assemblies (8TFA). The IRT-4M FA
geometries are shown on the right side of
Figure 2. The 8TFA consists of 8 fuel elements
and 9 coolant channels; the 6TFA is identical to
the 8TFA except the 2 innermost fuel tubes are
replaced with control rod guide tube. The fuel
material is UO2 – Al matrix with 19.7% of 235U
enrichment and its thickness is 0.7 mm
covered by cladding material type SAV-1
(Russian Al alloy material) and its thickness is
0.45 mm. The 8TFA contains 300 g of 235U and Figure 1 HEU (up) and LEU (down)
the 6TFA contains 264 g of U.235 Compact Core Loading for Tajoura
Reactor.
3. Reactor Core Hydraulics Experiment
Two hydraulic experiments have been performed recently in the Tajoura reactor at
zero power. These experiments and their results are described below.

3.1. Experiment Procedures

The Tajoura Nuclear Research Reactor consists of reactor core and three cooling
system loops. The reactor pool depth is 8.5 m and the top of reactor core is located 7.0 m
below the surface of water in the reactor pool, which it is open to atmospheric pressure. The
total power of the reactor core is 10 MWth. The primary
cooling system is composed of the reactor pool (68 m3),
fuel storage pool, emergency tank (7 m3), delay tank
(21 m3), four main circulation pumps (each pump delivers
650 m3/hr as maximum rating), four heat exchangers, and
the connecting piping. The secondary cooling system is
closed system and it is composed of cooling piping
connected the circuit, main circulation pumps, heat
exchanger. The tertiary cooling circuit is open circuit,
removing the heat using a cooling tower.
After the loading of the reactor core with fuel, the
hydraulic tests are essential to set up the reactor core
operating parameters. The procedures of the experiment Figure 2 IRT-2M (left) and
are as follows: IRT-4M (right) Fuel Assembly
1. Prepare all the reactor electronic and analogue Cross Section
instruments.
2. Activate the secondary and tertiary reactor cooling loops.
3. Switch on primary pump no. 202-1.
4. Record the main parameters such as pump volume flow rate, level of water in
reactor and storage pools, pressure drop, and pressure under the reactor
core, flow rate in shielding and horizontal beams.
5. Repeat step 3 and 4 for primary pumps 202-2 and 202-3. (Only 3 pumps are
run simultaneously; the fourth pump is a spare to be used if another pump
can not be used.)
6. After certain period of time switch off all pumps; get the opening time of
natural circulation valves and filling time of emergency tank.
Steps 1 through 5 provide data on steady state coolant flow. Step 6 provides information
during loss of pumping transient.

3.2. Experiment Results

The experiment was repeated for many
times for both IRT-2M and IRT-4M fuel cores. The
0.07

steady-state results are shown in Figure 3. The 0.06

Pressure under Core

main conclusion is that the maximum reactor core 0.05

pressure drop must not be more than 0.7 kgf/cm2

Pressure [MPa]

0.04

and the pressure under the core not less than 0.03

0.12 kgf/cm2 in order to avoid air entering into the 0.02

primary loop through the emergency tank. Based

Pressure Drop

0.01

on these tests, we conclude that the upper limit 0.00

value of coolant volume flow rate for TAJOURA 400 600 800 1000
3
Volume Flow Rate [m /hr]
1200 1400

reactor core with HEU fuel is equal to 1872 m3/hr,

giving a pressure drop 0.0657 MPa, and pressure Figure 3 Core Pressure Drop (∆P) and
Pressure under Core (PUC) for Compact
under the reactor core of 0.0123 MPa; the upper Core of IRT-4M Fuel Assemblies
limit flow with LEU fuel is equal to 1350 m3/hr,
giving a pressure drop 0.0657 MPa, and pressure
under the reactor core of 0.01177 MPa.
 Experiment step 6 is associated with
3.0
loss of electrical power to the pumps in 63.76 s NCV Opening Time

primary loop. As the primary flow rate 2.5

decreases, primary coolant moves into the 79.9 s

Emergency Tank Level [m]

2.0

emergency tank (ET). At some time during

this transient, the pressure in the delay tank 1.5

(DT, under the reactor pool) and the bottom 1.0

Experimental Results
for ET Filling Time
of the reactor pool will become equal, and 0.5
HEU Core
LEU Core
two natural circulation valves (NCV) will
automatically open allowing natural 0.0

circulation of coolant. The results for -0.5

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
experiment step 6 are shown in Figure 4 for Time,[s]
both cores. For the HEU core, the NCVs open Figure 4 Water Level in Emergency Tank versus
at 63.76 s and water stops entering the ET in Time Measured for HEU and LEU Core During
82 s. For the LEU core, the NCVs open at Primary Pumps Stop.
79.9 s and water stops entering the ET in
155 s.

4. Steady-State Theoretical Results

The results of the first experiment (pressure drop versus coolant volume flow rate as
shown in Figure 3) are used as an input parameter of IRTCO computer code at reactor
thermal power level of 10 MWth for HEU core and 8.6 MWth for LEU core. The theoretical
results of Tajoura reactor core are given in Table 1. Results for the peak power FA of each
type are shown in the following subsections.
Table 1
Tajoura Reactor Core Thermal Hydraulic Parameters
Parameter HEU LEU
Reactor Core Power, MW 10 8.6
Inlet Pressure , MPa 0.16932 0.16932
Pressure Drop, MPa 0.06570 0.06570
Active Mass Flow Rate , kg/s 171 147
3
4/8TFA Coolant Volume Flow Rate, m /h 70.1 33.89
3
3/6TFA Coolant Volume Flow Rate, m /h 62.3 31.93
3
Active Coolant Volume Flow Rate, m /h 1044 533
3
Primary Coolant Volume Flow Rate, m /h 1850 1350
o
Primary Inlet Temperature, C 45 45
o
Primary Out Temperature, C 49.86 50.5
o
Primary Temperature Difference, C 4.86 5.5

Table 2 shows the main operating hydraulic parameters of 4TFA such as coolant mass flow
rate ( m& ), and coolant velocity (V), outlet pressure (Pout) and temperature (Tout), and critical
conditions such as departure from nucleate boiling ratio (DNBR), onset of nucleate boiling
factor (ONBF), temperature for ONB (TONB), coolant saturation temperature (Tsat), and coolant
boiling temperature (Tboil) for each coolant channel of the fuel assembly. (In tables, FE and
coolant channel numbers are “1” for outer and increase moving inward.) The coolant volume
flow rate per 4TFA is equal to 70.1 m3/hr and its mass flow rate 19.3 kg/s. Table 3 shows
the maximum fuel centerline temperature (Tfuel), clad surface temperature (Tclad), and clad
surface heat flux (q”) on both sides of fuel elements of 4TFA. Table 4 shows the main
operating hydraulic parameters of 3TFA. The coolant volume flow rate per 3TFA is equal to
62.3 m3/hr and its mass flow rate 17.1 kg/s. Table 5 shows the relevant temperatures for
3TFA.

Table 2
4TFA Operating Hydraulic Parameters
Ch. m& V Pout Tout
DNBR ONBF
TONB Tsat Tboil
No. [kg/s] [m/s] [MPa] [°C] [°C] [°C] [°C]
5 3.821 5.451 0.120 53.1
4 5.401 5.120 0.122 55.3
3 4.235 5.153 0.122 55.2 2.376 1.557 121.6 107.3 133.4
2 3.070 5.212 0.122 55.1
1 2.178 5.499 0.120 50.7

Table 3
4TFA Maximum Heat Flux and Temperature
Inner Side Outer Side
FE Tfuel [°C]
q” [MW/m2] Tclad [°C] Tclad [°C] q” [MW/m2]
4 1.50069 101.3 104.0 99.2 1.44281
3 1.51336 101.5 105.1 101.2 1.44049
2 1.53498 101.8 105.1 101.0 1.43664
1 1.58009 99.5 103.8 100.2 1.42900

Table 4
3TFA Operating Hydraulic Parameters
Ch. m& V Pout Tout
DNBR ONBF
TONB Tsat Tboil
No. [kg/s] [m/s] [MPa] [°C] [°C] [°C] [°C]
4 3.872 5.523 0.120 51.9
3 5.471 5.185 0.122 53.8
2.197 1.490 122.2 107.3 134.0
2 4.290 5.218 0.121 53.8
1 3.103 5.262 0.121 50.2

Table 5
3TFA Maximum Heat Flux and Temperature
Inner Side Outer Side
FE Tfuel [°C]
q” [MW/m2] Tclad [°C] Tclad [°C] q” [MW/m2]
3 1.64261 104.5 105.7 100.5 1.57925
2 1.65647 104.7 106.7 102.6 1.57671
1 1.68014 103.1 105.8 102.3 1.57249

Table 6 shows the main operating hydraulic parameters of 8TFA. The coolant volume
flow rate per 8TFA is equal to 33.89 m3/hr and its mass flow rate 9.321 kg/s. Table 7 shows
the relevant temperatures for 8TFA. Table 8 shows the main operating hydraulic parameters
of 6TFA. The coolant volume flow rate per 6TFA is equal to 31.93 m3/hr and its mass flow
rate 8.785 kg/s. Table 9 shows the relevant temperatures for 6TFA.
Temperatures and other parameters are within allowed limits for operation.
 Table 6
8TFA Operating Hydraulic Parameters
Ch. m& V Pout Tout
DNBR ONBF
TONB Tsat Tboil
No. [kg/s] [m/s] [MPa] [°C] [°C] [°C] [°C]
9 0.319 3.133 0.125 59.7
8 0.980 3.785 0.122 56.2
7 0.724 3.222 0.124 65.0
6 0.889 3.220 0.124 65.0
5 1.058 3.222 0.124 64.7 2.574 1.484 118.5 107.2 129.7
4 1.222 3.220 0.124 64.8
3 1.387 3.219 0.124 64.9
2 1.542 3.213 0.124 65.0
1 1.199 3.551 0.123 58.6

Table 7
8TFA Maximum Heat Flux and Temperature
Inner Side Outer Side
FE Tfuel [°C]
q” [MW/m2] Tclad [°C] Tclad [°C] q” [MW/m2]
8 0.99777 100.4 100.5 91.2 0.87084
7 0.97249 95.1 100.8 99.2 0.87957
6 0.95631 102.1 104.1 99.5 0.88550
5 0.94848 101.8 103.9 99.4 0.88847
4 0.94202 101.3 103.8 99.5 0.89097
3 0.93726 101.2 103.8 99.6 0.89285
2 0.93340 101.1 103.8 99.8 0.89439
1 0.93060 101.2 101.9 94.3 0.89552

Table 8
6TFA Operating Hydraulic Parameters
Ch. m& V Pout Tout
DNBR ONBF
TONB Tsat Tboil
No. [kg/s] [m/s] [MPa] [°C] [°C] [°C] [°C]
7 1.081 3.183 0.122 51.4
6 0.940 3.402 0.122 60.9
5 1.115 3.400 0.122 60.7
4 1.290 3.399 0.122 60.7 2.940 1.649 118.3 107.2 128.9
3 1.464 3.399 0.122 60.8
2 1.629 3.392 0.122 60.9
1 1.266 3.743 0.120 55.8

Table 9
6TFA Maximum Heat Flux and Temperature
Inner Side Outer Side
FE Tfuel [°C]
q” [MW/m2] Tclad [°C] Tclad [°C] q” [MW/m2]
6 0.89709 90.2 94.6 93.7 0.83066
5 0.88975 95.9 97.2 93.6 0.83345
4 0.88369 95.5 97.0 93.7 0.83580
3 0.87922 95.4 97.0 93.9 0.83756
2 0.87560 95.3 97.1 94.0 0.83900
1 0.87297 95.3 95.6 89.5 0.84007
5. Loss of Flow Analysis
The most severe Loss-Of-Flow Accident (LOFA) is due to loss of off-site electrical
power which will lead to stopping of the pumps. The transition from forced flow to natural
circulation is aided by the presence of the Emergency Tank, as described in the next
subsection. This transition is then used to set the flow boundary condition to use in the
PARET analysis shown in the second subsection.

5.1. Emergency Tank Filling Model

The reactor fuel is normally cooled by downward forced circulation of coolant; the
primary pumps also provide cooling of the reflector, the experiment tube structures, and the
pool walls. Following loss of electric power to the primary pumps, the primary flow rate
decreases, the pressure increases in the delay tank (DT) under the reactor pool, and the
water level rises in the emergency tank (ET). The 7 m3 ET is located in the fuel storage
portion of the reactor pool and connected to the DT (which is the exit path for coolant from
the core) by a pipe; during normal operation, the ET has a low water level. During a loss of
flow, the water level rise in the ET helps maintain the downward flow of coolant in the core
for a longer time than would be otherwise be associated with the decrease in revolution
speed of the primary pumps. Once the pressure in the DT increases to be the same as the
pressure in the bottom of the reactor pool, the natural circulation valves (NCV) open,
allowing a path for natural circulation of coolant from the DT up through the reactor core,
down through the reactor pool, through the NCVs, to the DT. Two NCVs are provided for
redundancy; the flow through either NCV is sufficient for reactor cooling.
Various relations among coolant flow and water level may be obtained by applying
and solving the mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations. One such set of
relations follows. [7]
1. The coolant velocity, V(t) [m/s], leaving the reactor pool as function of time, t [s], is
assumed to decrease linearly in time during loss of primary pumps:
V(t) = ao – bo × t
where: ao = 7.5910, bo = 0.119100 for HEU core and
ao = 8.5625, bo = 0.107165 for LEU core.
The values of the constants are set by knowing the velocity at t=0 and requiring V=0 at
the time determined by experiment when the natural circulation values open (i.e.,
63.76 s for HEU and 79.90 s for LEU).
2. The reactor pool coolant level, ZRP(t) [m], variation as a function of time is found by
integrating V(t) multiplied by a flow area ratio factor:
ZRP(t) = LRP + co × t2 – do × t
where: co =1.58929×10-4 , do = 0.020262982 for HEU core,
co =1.39546×10-4 , do = 0.022299568 for LEU core, and
LRP = ZRP(0) = 8 m.
3. At any time the emergency tank coolant level, ZET(t) [m], differs from the reactor pool
coolant level by a factor proportional to the coolant velocity:
ZET(t) = ZRP(t) – eo × V2(t)
where: eo = 0.04760 for HEU core and eo = 0.05456 for LEU core.
The water levels from these equations as a function of time are shown in Figure 5 for
the HEU and LEU cores. Figure 6 shows the variation of water level in the emergency tank as
a function of filling time for theoretical and experimental results.
 8.5 3.0

8.0
(63.75, 7.35) 2.5
7.5

Emergency Tank H 2O Level [m]

7.0
(79.90, 7.11) 2.0
6.5
H2O Level [m]

6.0 1.5
Experimental
5.5 IRT-4M Core Theoritcal (IRT-4M)
Reactor Pool Level
Emergency Tank Level 1.0
Theoritcal (IRT-2M)
5.0 IRT-2M Core
Reactor Pool Level
4.5 Emergency Tank Level
0.5
4.0

3.5 0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Time [sec] Time [sec]

Figure 5 Computed Water Levels during LOF Figure 6 Measured and Calculated Emergency Tank
Water Level during LOF

5.2. PARET Analysis

Loss of off-site electrical power will result in an immediate scram and the primary
pumps will begin to coast down. For the purposes of modeling this using the PARET code [4]
the coolant flow rate through the core is assumed to decrease linearly over the time
required for the NCV to open, as described in the previous section; after that time, the core
flow transitions (over an assumed time of 5 s) from pump-forced downward flow to
buoyancy-driven upward flow.
The peak coolant and clad surface temperatures in the highest power channel
computed using PARET for this transient in the HEU core are shown in Figure 7. The pump
trip occurs at time of 10 s in the PARET cases. There is no initial temperature increase since
the decrease in coolant flow rate is sufficiently slow and the control rods are moving into
core 0.5 s after start of the flow decrease. Maximum temperature decreases during the
power decrease. As the flow rate approaches zero, the maximum clad temperature rises,
peaking about 5 s later at 93°C, which is 16°C lower than the value at the beginning of the
transient. The clad temperature remains much lower than the temperature at which clad
damage might occur. The buoyancy driven upward flow is 90-110 kg/m2-s at 2 minutes after
the start of the transient. The reactor period is always negative.
TNR-IRT-1: HEU: LOF 2.2: LOOP 3 pumps in 70 s, with scram, PARETv5 TNR-IRT-1: LEU: LOF 2.2: LOOP 3 pumps in 80 s, with scram, PARETv5

TcoMax-1 TclMax-1 TcoMax-1 TclMax-1

140 140

120 120

100 100
Tem perature [C ]

Tem perature [C ]

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20

0 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Time [s] Time [s]

Figure 7 Computed Temperatures during LOF in Figure 8 Computed Temperatures during LOF in
HEU Core LEU Core
 The equivalent results for the LEU core are shown in Figure 8 and have the same
general behavior as computed for the HEU core; a few specific values follow. As the flow rate
approaches zero, the maximum clad temperature rises, peaking about 8 s later at 114°C,
which is 2°C higher than the value at the beginning of the transient and remains much
lower than the temperature at which clad damage might occur. The buoyancy driven upward
flow is 50-75 kg/m2-s at 2 minutes after the start of the transient.

6. Partial Blockage of Fuel Assembly

The consequence of blocking coolant flow to the coolant channel which is interior to
the innermost fuel element in the peak power fuel assembly has been examined. Flow to
the other coolant channels is not modified. The blockage would not cause a reactor scram;
therefore, the analysis is performed at a constant power of 10 MW.
The RELAP5/MOD3 code [5] was used. The model treats all fuel tubes as parallel
plates separated by their coolant channels. The results for the clad surface temperature for
the inner FE after the blocking the inner channel of the HEU 4TFA with highest power density
are provided in Figure 9; the results for the normal flow (i.e. unblocked) case are also
included for comparison. These results show that the peak clad surface temperature for the
inner tube is increased (to 160°C) but is still much lower than the temperature at which clad
damage might occur. The equivalent results after blocking the inner channel of the LEU
8TFA with highest power density are provided in Figure 10. As for HEU, the peak clad surface
temperature for the inner tube of the LEU fuel is increased (to less than 130°C) but is still
much lower than the temperature at which clad damage might occur. Although not shown as
a Figure, the temperatures of the outer fuel tubes are not significantly affected by the
blockage interior to the inner fuel tube for either the HEU or LEU case.

IRT-1 HEU: SS Inner Channel Blocked vs Open - Tube 4 (Inner Tube) IRT-1 LEU: SS Inner Channel Blocked vs Open - Tube 8 (Inner Tube)

normal-left normal-right blocked-left blocked-right open-left open-right blocked-left blocked-right

170 130

160
120
150

110
140
Clad Surface Temperature, C

130
Clad Surface Temp, C

100

120
90
110

100 80

90
70

80
60
70

60 50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Distance from Bottom of Active Fuel, cm Distance from Bottom of Active Fuel, cm

Figure 9 Effect of 1 Channel Blockage on Figure 10 Effect of 1 Channel Blockage on

Temperature in IRT-2M FA Temperature in IRT-4M FA

Additional studies indicated that one could approximate this blocked channel
situation by using a full (not the usual half) fuel plate thickness in PARET with the same
power density rather than requiring the use of other codes such as RELAP5 or PLTEMP.

7. Conclusions
Design information has been presented for HEU and LEU cores in Tajoura reactor.
Coolant flow versus pressure drop at steady state and flow during pump coast down have
been measured experimentally. Steady state operational parameters have been calculated.
Calculated results have also been presented for several flow-induced accident situations. In
no case does fuel approach conditions which might lead to damage.

References
[1] Tajoura Reactor Core Design Documents, Tajoura (Tripoli) Libya (1980).
[2] IRT-4M Fuel Assemblies, Catalogue Description – Л 0019.20.00.000 ДКО,
Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant, 630110 Novosibirsk-110, B. Khmelnitsky
St., 94, Russia, (28.12.2004).
[3] F. M. Bsebsu, Tajoura Nuclear Research Reactor Core with LEU Fuel Thermal
Hydraulic Operating Parameters Setup, REWDRC: Technical Report No.: R-CU2-05-
2006, Tajoura (Tripoli), Libya (2006).
[4] W. L. Woodruff and R. S. Smith, “A Users Guide for the ANL Version of the PARET
Code, PARET/ANL (2001 Rev.)”, ANL/RERTR/TM-16, Argonne National Laboratory,
Argonne, Illinois (March 2001); Woodruff, W.L., “A User’s Guide for the ANL Version
of the PARET Code”, National Energy Software Center, Argonne, Illinois (1984); and
Obenchain, C.F., “PARET – A Program for the Analysis of Reactor Transients”, IDO-
17282, AEC Research and Development Report, Phillips Petroleum Company
(January 1969).
[5] “RELAP5/MOD3.2 Code Manual”, NUREG/CR-5335 or INEL-95-0174, Idaho
National Engineering Laboratory (June 1995)
[6] F. M. Bsebsu, P. L. Garner, and N. A. Hanan, “Transient Thermal Hydraulic Analysis
for the Tajoura Nuclear Reactor with HEU and LEU Fuels”, Proceedings of the
RERTR-2006 International Meeting on Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test
Reactors, Cape Town, South Africa (October 29 – November 2, 2006).
[7] F. M. Bsebsu, Mathematical Model of Tajoura Nuclear Research Reactor Core with
LEU Fuel LOFA Accident through Horizontal Beam Channels, REWDRC: Technical
Report No.: R-CU2-06-2006, Tajoura (Tripoli), Libya (2006).