THE BEAM ELEMENT

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THE CBEAM ELEMENT

CBEAM Element Overview
Connected to two grid points Force components:
Axial force P Shear forces in 2 planes V1 and V2 Bending moments in 2 planes M1 and M2 Total torque T Warping torque Tw

Displacement components:
ui , i , and dx i
d

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THE BEAM ELEMENT (Cont.)

The beam includes all capabilities of the CBAR element plus

several additional capabilities, including:

Variable cross-section - the cross-sectional properties may be specified at as

many as nine interior points and at both ends. The neutral axis and shear center axis need not be coincident (correctly accounts for sections which are not doubly-symmetric). The effect of cross-sectional warping on the torsional stiffness. The effect of taper on the transverse shear stiffness (shear relief). K1 and K2 (Shear stiffness factors) of PBEAM have default values of 1.0. To neglect shear deformation (as is the case with BAR elements), the values of K1 and K2 should be set to 0.0.

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THE BEAM ELEMENT (Cont.)

Input format:

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THE BEAM ELEMENT (Cont.)

Field
EID PID GA,GB X1,X2,X3

Contents
Element identification number (integer > 0) Identification number of PBEAM, PBEAML, PBCOMP or PBMSECT property entry Grid point identification numbers of connection points Components of vector v at End A, measured at the offset point for End A, parallel to the components of the displacement coordinate system for GA Grid point identification number to optionally supply X1, X2, and X3 Orientation Vector and offset vector interpretation
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G0 OFFT

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THE BEAM ELEMENT (Cont.)

Field
PA,PB W1A,W2A,W3A

Contents
Pin flags for beam Ends A and B, respectively (in the element coordinate system) Components of offset vectors, measured in the displacement coordinate systems at Grid Points A and B, from the grid points to the end points of the axis of shear center (real or blank) Scalar or grid point identification numbers for the Ends A and B, respectively. The degrees of freedom at these points are the warping variables dq/dx
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W1B,W2B,W3B

SA,SB

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THE BEAM ELEMENT (Cont.)

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BEAM PROPERTIES

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BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

FIELD PID MID A(A) I1(A) CONTENTS Property identification number Material identification number Area of beam cross section at point A Area Moment of inertia of Beam cross section in plane 1 (about element Z axis) at point A Area Moment of inertia of Beam cross section in plane 2 (about element Y axis) at point A Area product of inertia at end A (I1*I2-I12>0)
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DEFAULT Required Required Required Required

I2(A)

Required

I12(A)

0.0

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BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

FIELD J(A) CONTENTS DEFAULT 0.0 0.0 0.0 Required Torsional stiffness constant at end A (if warping is present, J>0) (real) NSM(A) Nonstructural mass per unit length at end A (real) Ci(A), Di(A), The locations (element Y and Z) at end Ei(A), Fi(A) A for stress data recovery (real) SO Stress output option (BCD) YES = Stresses recovered at points C,D,E,F on next continuation entry YESA = Stresses recovered at points with same y,z locations as end A NO = no stress output
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BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

FIELD X/XB
A, I1, I2, J, NSM

CONTENTS Distance from end A in the element coordinate system (X) divided by the length (XB) Properties at current cross-section

DEFAULT Required

See following pages

Ci, Di, Ei, Y,Z (element coordinate system) Fi locations for stress calculation on the

K1, K2 S1, S2

current cross-section Shear stiffness factor K for Plane 1 and 1., 1. 2 Shear relief coefficient due to taper for 0., 0. plane 1 and 2

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BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

FIELD NSI(1), NSI(2)
CW(A), CW(B)
N1(A), N2(A), N1(B), N2(B) M1(A), M2(A), M1(B), M2(B)

CONTENTS Nonstructural mass moment of inertia per unit length about nonstructural mass center of gravity at ends A and B (real) Warping coefficient for ends A and B (real) Y and Z coordinates (offsets) of the neutral axis for ends A and B Y and Z coordinates (offsets) of the center of gravity of nonstructural mass at ends A and B

DEFAULT 0., same as end A

0., same as end A 0., same as end A 0.0, same as end A

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BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

A(I), J(I), I1(I), I2(I), I12(I) These properties must be specified for end A (except I12,

which defaults to 0.0) By default, end B will have the same properties as end A Unless properties are specified for Intermediate sections, these properties will be found by linearly interpolating between those of end A and end B

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BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Shear Relief coefficient due to Taper (S1, S2)
The shear relief factor accounts for the fact that in a tapered flanged beam,

the flanges sustain a portion of the transverse shear load. This situation is illustrated below:

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BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

The value of the shear coefficient for a tapered beam with

heavy flanges that sustain the entire moment load may then be written as:

For

additional information, see Reference Manual, Section 5.2.1.

the

MSC/NASTRAN

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BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Cross-Sectional Warping - Coefficients CW(A), CW(B) Open section members, such as channels, undergo

torsion as well as bending when transverse loads act anywhere except at the shear center of a cross section.
This torsion produces warping of the cross section so

that plane sections do not remain plane, and as a result, axial stresses are produced. This situation can be represented in the differential equation for the torsion of a beam about the axis of shear centers (in the following slide)
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BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Cross-Sectional Warping - Coefficients CW(A), CW(B)

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BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Cross-Sectional Warping - Coefficients CW(A), CW(B) Note: The warping constant Cw has units of (length)6. The

development of the differential equation and methods for the numerical evaluations of the warping constant are available in the literature. (See, for example, Timoshenko and Gere, Theory of Elastic Stability, McGraw Hill Book Company, 1961. Also see Roark & Young, Formulas for Stress and Strain, for values for different sections)

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BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Neutral Axis Offset from Shear Center (N1, N2)

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 Neutral Axis Offset from Shear Center (N1, N2)

BEAM PROPERTIES (Cont.)

N1 and N2 allow you to specify the offset between the shear

center and the neutral axis

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BEAM PROPERTIES - THE PBEAML

The PBEAML defines the properties of a BEAM element by

using the dimensions of the cross section

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BEAM PROPERTIES - THE PBEAML

Field PID MID Group TYPE Contents Property identification number Material identification number Cross-section group (default = "MSCBML0") Cross-section shape. (Character: "ROD", "TUBE", "L", "I", "CHAN", "T", "BOX", "BAR", "CROSS", "H", "T1", "I1", "CHAN1", "Z", CHAN2", "T2", "BOX1", "HEX", "HAT", HAT1 and DBOX for GROUP="MSCBMLO") Cross-section dimensions at end A and B. (Real > 0.0 for GROUP="MSCBMLO") Nonstructural mass per unit length
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DIMi(A) DIMi(B) NSM(A) NSM(B)

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BEAM PROPERTIES - THE PBEAML (Cont.)

Field SO(j) Contents Stress output request option for section (j) YES = Stress recovered at this section NO = no stress output for this section Distance from end A to intermediate section (j) divided by the length of the element Nonstructural mass per unit length at section (j) Cross-section dimensions at section (j)

X(j)/XB NSM(j) DIMi(j)

For more information, including section information, see the MD.Nastran R3 QRG, Bulk Data Entries
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BEAM ELEMENT OUTPUT

BEAM element forces and moments

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BEAM ELEMENT OUTPUT (Cont.)

The forces and moments in plane 1 can also be viewed as:

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BEAM ELEMENT OUTPUT (Cont.)

The forces and moments in plane 2 can also be viewed as:

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MODELING THE TAPERED

Use the CBEAM element The outer radius of the pole tapers from R = 4.0 to R = 3.0 The inner radius of the pole tapers from R = 3.5 to R = 2.5

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FIELDS

The linearly varying outer and inner radii of the beam will be modeled by using Fields. Fields in PATRAN are used to define variations in

Loads Boundary Conditions Material Properties Element Properties There are three types of fields: Spatial Fields Non Spatial Fields Material Property Fields Use Spatial Fields to model the beam tapers in this

case study.
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CREATING FIELDS

Create a field for the taper in beam outer radius from 4 to 3

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CREATING FIELDS (Cont.)

Create a second field for the taper in beam inner radius from 3.5 to 2.5

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CREATING FIELDS (Cont.)

Verify the two fields by plotting them

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CREATING ELEMENT PROPERTIES

Create 1D element properties

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CREATING ELEMENT PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Input properties Select the steel material created earlier

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CREATING ELEMENT PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Enter the beam orientation vector

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CREATING ELEMENT PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Select the circular tube section from the Beam Library and name it circular tube section Enter R1 and R2 by selecting the fields created earlier
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CREATING ELEMENT PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Select curve 1 and click calculate/display to show cross section at one end of curve

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CREATING ELEMENT PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Slide the parametric location dial from End A to End B and click Calculate/Display to view cross section at the other end of curve
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CREATING ELEMENT PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Select OK to accept the beam library section. Select OK to accept the input properties. Click Apply to create the element property.

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CREATING ELEMENT PROPERTIES (Cont.)

Change from 1D to 3D display to visually inspect the cross section

3D display of tapered beam

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EXAMINE THE f06 FILE

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