UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE INGENIERA ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE IDIOMA TECNICO

TECHNICAL ENGLISH MECHANICAL ELECTICAL ENGINEERING

Nombre: Carn: Nombre: Carn: Nombre: Carn: Fecha:

Eduardo Alejandro Motta Porras 201020844 Jorge David Sarg Mendoza 201020596 Jos Ricardo de Jess Velsquez Njera 201020838 15/02/10

Index Introduction Applied content Welding.. Page 4 Arc Welding.. Page 4 Direct Current. Page 4 Alternating Current.. Page 5 Ornamental welding Page 5 Rivet.. Page 5 Process of Arc Welding.. Page5 Safety issues... Page 6 Page 7 Page8 Page 9 Page 3 Page 4

Graphical content Conclusion Bibliography

Introduction
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We live in an ever expanding society and, to succeed in todays world the mastering of the English language has become more than a luxury, a necessity. It is in the face of these stupefying facts that the Technical English Course provides the future engineer with the proper tools, such as a rich vocabulary and a fluid speaking ability, to take a stand against the competitive industry that awaits him or her. Having stated the previous assertions, it is proper to mention the value of time, and the advantages of taking as much advantage of it while we can. Which is the main reason why the proficiency tests were created, providing the students with knowledge in a particular area ( in this case the English Language ) with the opportunity to take as much advantage of their time as their capability, knowledge and cunning allow them. The following report contains the principal concepts regarding the process of welding and its applications. Within the following pages the main parts of the welding materials shall be explained as well. We shall also concern ourselves with explaining the step by step process of arc welding.

Applied Content
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Welding: Welding is a fabrication or sculptural process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. This is often done by melting the work pieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material that cools to become a strong joint, with pressure sometimes used in conjunction with heat, or by itself, to produce the weld. This is in contrast with soldering and brazing, which involve melting a lower-melting-point material between the work pieces to form a bond between them, without melting the work pieces. Many different energy sources can be used for welding, including a gas flame, an electric arc, a laser, an electron beam, friction, and ultrasound. While often an industrial process, welding can be done in many different environments, including open air, under water and in outer space. Regardless of location, however, welding remains dangerous, and precautions are taken to avoid burns, electric shock, eye damage, poisonous fumes, and overexposure to ultraviolet light.

Arc welding: Arc welding uses a welding power supply to create an electric arc (that is a breakdown of gas that produce an ongoing plasma discharge) between an electrode and the base material to melt the metals at the welding point. They can use either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC), and consumable or nonconsumable electrodes. The welding region is sometimes protected by some type of inert or semi-inert gas, known as a shielding gas, and/or an evaporating filler material. The process of arc welding is widely used because of its low capital and running costs.

Direct current (DC): Is a unidirectional flow of electric charge. Direct current is produced by such sources as batteries, thermocouples, solar cells, and commutator-type electric machines of the dynamo type. Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire, but can also be through semiconductors, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams. The electric charge flows in a constant direction. Alternating current (AC):
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Is the movement of electric charge periodically reverses direction. An electric charge would move in any direction.

Ornamental welding: Its when welding is used as a form of art, creating or decorating: lamps, tables, chairs, etc. By adding rivets or bending some parts of the structure.

Rivet:

An ornament consisting of a circular rounded protuberance as on a vault, shield or a belt.

Process of Arc welding:

Arc welding is the process of stick welding. This one use an electrode holder and a shielded metal arc welding electrode. When they are firmly together and the welding power supply is on, with a proper amount of current, the electrode will become electrically charged and it is called a live wire. When this last one touch a piece of steel, these one will start melting. The wire that is covered with a flex that prevents oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere from getting at the weld puddle. Then the flex seals the weld off from the atmosphere and tempers it as it proceeds.

It is really important to know how to establish an arc. By striking the arc running a circle and holding it really close to the steel so it will start feeding the electrode into the arc and it will melt joining one piece of steel with another one.

In ornamental welding rivets are commonly used. These ones are a circular rounded protuberance that gives another aspect to the steel. They are created by heating the steel with the charged electrode and creating an arc, then you give
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them a specific form by hitting them with a hammer. These procedure is repeated several times until it is finished.

Safety issues:

Welding, without the proper precautions, can be a dangerous and unhealthy practice. However, with the use of new technology and proper protection, risks of injury and death associated with welding can be greatly reduced. Because many common welding procedures involve an open electric arc the risk of burns and fire is significant; this is why it is classified as a hot work process. To prevent them, welders wear personal protective equipment in the form of heavy leather gloves and protective long sleeve jackets to avoid exposure to extreme heat and flames. Additionally, the brightness of the weld area leads to a condition called arc eye in which ultraviolet light causes inflammation of the cornea and can burn the retinas of the eyes. Goggles and welding helmets with dark face plates are worn to prevent this exposure, and in recent years, new helmet models have been produced that feature a face plate that self-darkens upon exposure to high amounts of UV light. To protect bystanders, translucent welding curtains often surround the welding area. These curtains, made of a polyvinyl chloride plastic film, shield nearby workers from exposure to the UV light from the electric arc, but should not be used to replace the filter glass used in helmets.

Graphical Content

Shielded metal arc welding

Common welding joint types (1) Square butt joint, (2) V butt joint, (3) Lap joint, (4) T-joint

The cross-section of a welded butt joint, with the darkest gray representing the weld or fusion zone, the medium gray the heat-affected zone, and the lightest gray the base material.

Conclusion

After an intense study of the welding process, we can conclude that welding has become of great importance in our todays life, even though we dont perceive it. In our community, welding is used in traditional ornamental sculptures, and also ornaments. Its when welding is used as a form of art, creating or decorating. Welding is can be really dangerous if you dont take the precautions, however with the technology rising, there are many ways to protect the eye, skin, etc. without the
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use of the correct tools, welding can be a dangerous work. Arc welding process can use either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC), and consumable or non-consumable electrodes, depending of the result that is wanted. Welding has become more and more important in the world, thats because of the facility the process and also because of the price. Welding is fascinating, dangerous too, but with the proper precautions It can be a magnificent way of work.

Bibliography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welding http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WaDsmeB5ywM http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_welding